Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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The Relationship between Physical Health and Long一term Changes of Older People Attachment:A 6-year Follow-up Study
No full text为探究老年期依恋的长期变化,以及身体健康因素的影响,本项研究招募了779名已婚老人(平均年龄为67.58±5.31岁),追踪6年(两年测量一次,共4次)。采用SF-36问卷评估被试的身体健康(包括躯体疼痛、生理功能和生理职能三个方面);采用老年夫妻依恋问卷评估被试的依恋取向(包括焦虑、回避和安全三个维度)。使用多元潜变量曲线模型分析健康因素与老年依恋长期变化的联系,结果表明:(1)6年间老人依恋回避显著上升,依恋安全显著下降;(2)6年间,躯体疼痛的长期变化可以影响老人依恋焦虑和依恋安全的长期变化。具体体现在:躯体疼痛感上升的老人,其依恋焦虑水平也上升,且依恋安全水平下降。并且,这样的关联模式也体现在截距的关系上。本研究表明,老年期的依恋仍在经历发展变化,同时躯体疼痛会影响老年人依恋的长期性变化,且这种变化可以成为依恋个体间差异的来源。</p
A 2-week online metaphorical acceptance-based intervention for negative emotions in college students
No full text目的:探讨隐喻接纳干预改善大学生负性情绪的效果。方法:112名大学生被分配至隐喻组(n=40)、非隐喻组(n=36)和空白对照组(n=36)。2个干预组接受2周在线团体干预,空白对照组不接受干预。在基线、2周干预后、1周随访和3周随访时施测广泛性焦虑量表-7 (GAD-7)、患者健康问卷-9 (PHQ-9)、接纳与行动问卷第二版(AAQ-Ⅱ)和自评接纳条目。结果:2周干预后,隐喻组的GAD-7、PHQ-9和AAQ-Ⅱ得分均低于基线,自评接纳得分均高于基线(均P<0.01);非隐喻组1周随访时的GAD-7得分,2周干预后和1周随访时的PHQ-9得分及2周干预后、1周随访和3周随访时的AAQ-Ⅱ得分均低于基线(均P <0.05),而2周干预后、1周随访和3周随访时的自评接纳得分均高于基线(均P<0.001)。AAQ-Ⅱ得分的减少仅对隐喻接纳干预造成的GAD-7和PHQ-9得分的减少存在中介作用(95%CI=-2.39～-0.38、-2.65～-0.44)。结论:隐喻接纳在线干预持续改善焦虑情绪的效果更优,经验性回避的减少是隐喻接纳干预改善焦虑和抑郁情绪的重要因素。</p
Human emotion and StO2: Dataset, pattern, and recognition of basic emotions
No full textEmotions can be recognized through facial expressions, but this becomes challenging when facial expressions are deliberately manipulated. This study introduces tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), a non-contact measured physiological signal of hemoglobin binding to oxygen, as a novel and expression-independent indicator for emotion recognition. Herein, the first StO2-emotion dataset is developed, which encompasses six basic emotions collected from 145 participants via emotional stimulus videos. Pattern analyses indicate that StO2 exhibits distinctive patterns under various emotions, whereas facial expressions have no impact on StO2. Based on this finding, we design the intensity difference pattern-masked feature (IMF) to amplify the changes in StO2 and construct the region of interest embedded Transformer network (ROI-EmbedFormer) to capture the synergistic changes across different facial regions. Finally, an accuracy of 80.31% is achieved for StO2-based emotion recognition. This work shows that StO2 is a promising signal that can identify genuine emotions even without facial expressions
Investigating the Quality of Family Relationships and Goal Attainment: Analyzing the Mediating Role of Psychological Distress
No full textObjective Late adolescence and young adulthood are crucial periods when individuals rely on family support to navigate challenges like identity formation and career decisions. Supportive families aid in coping during this transition. This study examines the links between family quality of life (FQoL), goal attainment, and psychological distress in the Pakistani cultural context. Methods Of the 300 students in this cross-sectional study, 52.0% were men, and 48.0% were women. The study employed the Beach Centre Family Quality of Life Scale to assess students' well-being within a familial context, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 to measure psychological distress, and the Goal Achievement Questionnaire (goal achievement mastery [GA-M] and goal achievement performance [GA-P]) to evaluate goal orientation. Results GA-M was negatively associated with depression, stress, family interaction, and parenting but positively linked to anxiety. Conversely, GA-P was positively associated with psychological distress. Women students scored higher on GA-P (t(298)=-3.41, p<0.001). In contrast, men scored higher on Physical/Material Well-being (t(298)=2.35, p<0.01). Additionally, FQoL positively predicted GA-P via depression and stress but negatively predicted GA-M via depression and stress. Conclusion FQoL is closely linked to students' GA-M and GA-P, with depression and stress as indirect mediators. These findings underscore the critical role of familial support in shaping goal achievement
Boosting your mood: How exercise and the amygdala dance together
No full textAccumulative evidence has shown that functional heterogeneity exists in subregions of amygdala. Recently, exercise serving as automatic emotion regulation has been observed to induce the altered activation of amygdala associated with mood change. However, the specific role of subregions of amygdala underlying these effects are not fully understood. By using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), this study examined whether the subregions of amygdala play distinct roles in mood improvement induced by acute exercise. Participants (n = 76) aged 18-22 were recruited and randomly divided into the exercise group and the control group. The exercise group received a 30-minute intervention with moderate-intensity exercise while the control group completed a reading control task at resting state. Whole-brain rs-fMRI scans were conducted before and after the interventions. Moreover, participants' moods were also assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and Abbreviated Profile of Mood States. A mixed-effect model was used to analyze the Group x Time interaction on functional connectivity (FC) seeded from medial amygdala (mAmyg) and lateral amygdala (lAmyg) subregions in each hemisphere. Results revealed that exercise-induced mood improvements were correlated with significant Group x Time interaction effects on FC, showing a notable right-hemispheric predominance. Specifically, enhanced connectivity of the right mAmyg with orbitofrontal cortex, parietal, and cerebellar regions was associated with reduced negative affect and increased self-esteem. Concurrently, enhanced connectivity of the right lAmyg with the orbitofrontal cortex and striatum was linked to a broad spectrum of improvements, including reduced tension and anger, and increased vigor. These findings suggest that acute exercise improves mood via distinct, lateralized neural pathways centered on different amygdala subregions. The mAmyg and lAmyg play complementary roles in automatic emotion regulation, with the right mAmyg modulating affective valence and self-evaluation, while the right lAmyg appears to regulate a broad spectrum of mood states and enhance positive arousal. This work provides a more nuanced neurobiological model for the therapeutic effects of exercise
Treatment of insomnia in alcohol use disorder: a meta-analysis of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions
No full textInsomnia is common and persistent in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD), however, treatment of insomnia within this population remains a challenge. There is a need for careful assessment of the currently used methods to improve the effectiveness of the chosen intervention. Therefore, this study reviewed and assessed the effectiveness of the most common pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments on sleep quality in AUD individuals with insomnia. The databases PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO were explored in January 2023 to find relevant research. A random effect model was used to merge the data. The difference between the pre-post mean changes of the groups (intervention vs. control) considered the effect size. The analysis included 14 studies, with 8 using pharmacological treatment. The pharmacological group showed a significantly higher mean change in sleep efficiency compared to the control group. For other sleep variables assessed, including total sleep time, sleep onset latency, wakefulness after sleep onset, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, no significant differences were observed. Similarly, the 6 studies using psychotherapeutic interventions did not show significant effects on sleep variables, except for insomnia severity. This meta-analysis demonstrates that both pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions are limited in their effectiveness in treating insomnia in individuals with AUD. They can improve only a few aspects of sleep quality in AUD individuals with insomnia. The best outcome with pharmacological intervention was obtained for sleep efficiency, whereas psychotherapeutic interventions lowered insomnia severity. However, further studies are needed to improve our understanding of this topic.</p
Prevalence and related factors of comorbid suicide attempts and psychotic symptoms in first-episode drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder
No full textBackground: Psychotic symptoms (PS) and suicide attempts (SA) are especially prevalent in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and serve as key indicators of worsening condition and poor prognosis. This study examined the occurrence of comorbid suicide attempts and psychiatric symptoms (SAPS) in MDD patients, along with the factors associated with these conditions. Methods: One thousand seven hundred eighteen first-episode drug-na & iuml;ve (FEDN) MDD patients were involved in this study, and data on their sociodemographic traits, clinical symptom evaluations, and specific biochemical markers were gathered. Patients were categorised into different clinical subgroups based on the presence of SAPS and were analyzed comparatively. Results: About 4.4% of patients had both suicide attempts and psychotic symptoms. Compared to those without SAPS, these patients were older, had an earlier disease onset, and showed higher scores on depression (HAMD), anxiety (HAMA), and illness severity (CGI-SI). They also had different thyroid hormone levels. Higher HAMA (OR = 1.643, 95% CI: 1.439-1.878, p < 0.001), CGI-SI (OR = 8.359, 95% CI: 2.651-26.352, p < 0.001), and TSH levels (OR = 2.025, 95% CI: 1.652-2.842, p < 0.001) were strongly linked to SAPS. The AUCs for HAMA, CGI-S, and TSH were above 0.86, and the combined model yielded an AUC of 0.980. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of evaluating anxiety, illness severity, and thyroid function in identifying high-risk FEDN MDD patients
Prevalence and related factors of comorbid suicide attempts and psychotic symptoms in first-episode drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder
No full textBackground: Psychotic symptoms (PS) and suicide attempts (SA) are especially prevalent in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and serve as key indicators of worsening condition and poor prognosis. This study examined the occurrence of comorbid suicide attempts and psychiatric symptoms (SAPS) in MDD patients, along with the factors associated with these conditions. Methods: One thousand seven hundred eighteen first-episode drug-na & iuml;ve (FEDN) MDD patients were involved in this study, and data on their sociodemographic traits, clinical symptom evaluations, and specific biochemical markers were gathered. Patients were categorised into different clinical subgroups based on the presence of SAPS and were analyzed comparatively. Results: About 4.4% of patients had both suicide attempts and psychotic symptoms. Compared to those without SAPS, these patients were older, had an earlier disease onset, and showed higher scores on depression (HAMD), anxiety (HAMA), and illness severity (CGI-SI). They also had different thyroid hormone levels. Higher HAMA (OR = 1.643, 95% CI: 1.439-1.878, p < 0.001), CGI-SI (OR = 8.359, 95% CI: 2.651-26.352, p < 0.001), and TSH levels (OR = 2.025, 95% CI: 1.652-2.842, p < 0.001) were strongly linked to SAPS. The AUCs for HAMA, CGI-S, and TSH were above 0.86, and the combined model yielded an AUC of 0.980. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of evaluating anxiety, illness severity, and thyroid function in identifying high-risk FEDN MDD patients.</p
Social Class and Prosociality: A Meta-Analytic Review
No full textTwo theoretical perspectives (i.e., the risk management perspective and the resource perspective) offer competing predictions that higher class individuals-relative to lower class individuals-tend to be less versus more prosocial, respectively. Different predictions can also be drawn from each perspective about how the class-prosociality association varies across sociocultural contexts. To date, each perspective has received mixed empirical support. To test these competing perspectives, we synthesized 1,106 effect sizes from 471 independent studies on social class and prosociality (total N = 2,340,806, covering the years 1968-2024) conducted within 60 societies. Supporting the resource perspective, we found higher class individuals to be slightly more prosocial (r = .065, 95% confidence interval [.055, .075]); this association held for children, adolescents, and adults and did not significantly vary by any sociocultural variable. In testing the methodological moderators, we found no significant difference in the class-prosociality association in studies measuring objective social class (r = .066) and those measuring or manipulating subjective social class (r = .063). Nevertheless, the observed class-prosociality association was stronger when assessing prosocial behavior involving actual commitment of material or nonmaterial resources (r = .079) compared to prosocial intention (r = .039), and stronger under public (r = .065) than private (r = .016) circumstances. These findings generally support the resource perspective on class-based differences in prosociality-that the relatively higher cost of prosocial behavior, combined with heightened experience of deprivation, results in lower levels of prosociality among individuals with a lower social class background.</p
The influence of audience's regulatory focus on the persuasive effect of different pro-vaccine messages
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of an audience's regulatory focus on the persuasive effect of different pro-vaccine messages. Study 1 (N = 169) examined attitude changes among audiences with different regulatory focus after reading pro-vaccine messages, and Study 2 (N = 201) added the exploration of message persuasiveness and vaccination intentions as well. The results of Study 1 and Study 2 showed that both high promotion fucus and high prevention focus could facilitate the attitude change elicited by messages emphasizing vaccine safety, official position and credibility. Meanwhile, high-promotion individuals were also more easily influenced by messages highlighting the benefits of vaccination, while high-prevention individuals were more receptive to messages focusing on the personal responsibility. Similar results also appeared when measuring perceived persuasiveness as dependent variable. However, these impacts of regulatory focus did not remain statistically significant on behavioral intention for most messages, except for the messages emphasizing vaccine effectiveness. The behavioral intention changes after reading these messages were significantly promoted by high promotion focus. Our findings could shed some light on the mechanism underlying personalized persuasion as well as more targeted vaccination promotion strategies.</p
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