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Study on the Symptoms and Influencing Factors of Acute Stress Disorder in Elderly Caregivers in ICU
No full text随着人口老龄化加剧，重症监护病房（ICU）中老年患者比例不断上升，而这些老年患者的主要照顾者大多为其同样步入老年阶段的家属，该群体面临的心 理压力也日益突显。这些与 ICU 患者存在亲属关系的老年照顾者不仅要应对照护压力，还要克服自身生理功能下降带来的挑战，身心压力负荷巨大。并且，他们在亲人病危入住 ICU 后，不得不直面创伤性事件的暴露。他们常常面临亲人生命垂危、随时可能死亡的巨大心理冲击，需目睹亲人接受密集治疗的痛苦过程，甚至遭遇其他患者抢救失败的创伤性情境。同时，还需在高度紧张的 ICU 环境中应对病情变化、与医护团队密切沟通，并参与复杂的医疗决策。这些压力使其身心持续处于高度应激状态，其中，急性应激障碍（Acute stress disorder, ASD）症状是典型的应激心理反应，可能给个体的身心健康带来极大的损害。然而，目前针对 ICU 老年照顾者群体 ASD 症状表现特征及影响因素的研究相对缺乏，特别是缺少将质性研究与量化分析相结合的系统性研究。本研究旨在探究与ICU 患者存在亲属关系的老年照顾者 ASD 症状表现特征及其影响因素，为临床提供理论依据。
研究一采用质性研究的方法，通过半结构化深度访谈（n=20）收集 ICU 老年照顾者的主观体验，运用自然语言处理（NLP）技术进行资料分析。质性研究结果显示，ICU 患者老年照顾者 ASD 症状主要表现为情绪调节困难、行为适应不良和认知功能受损三个维度。同时，ASD 症状的产生可能会引发焦虑、抑郁和失眠等继发症状，形成恶性循环。而生活满意度、经济条件、社会支持、心理韧性等因素可能对 ICU 老年照顾者 ASD 症状的发生起到关键作用。
研究二采用量化研究的方法，对 309 名 ICU 患者老年照顾者与 106 名社区 健康老年人使用急性应激障碍量表（ASDS）进行横断面对比分析，结果显示 ICU 患者老年照顾者 ASDS 总分显著高于健康对照组。进一步采用急性应激障碍量表（ASDS）、焦虑筛查量表（GAD-7）、抑郁筛查量表（PHQ-9）、Zarit 护理负担量表（ZBI）、感知社会支持量表（PSSS）、简版韧性量表（BRS）、简易应对方式量表（SCSQ）、失眠严重指数量表（ISI）等标准化工具对 126 例 ICU 患者老年照顾者进行综合评估，深入分析相关数据，结果进一步揭示了 ASD、焦虑、抑郁、睡眠障碍、照顾者负担、性别、韧性、应对方式、社会支持、应激前生活满意度和经济水平等多个变量之间存在显著相关性，最终运用多元回归分析建立了包含性别、应激前生活满意度、照顾者负担、应对方式、心理韧性等 5 个变量的 ASD 预测方程。
本研究采用定性与量化相结合的方法，系统探讨了 ICU 老年照顾者 ASD 症 状的表现特征及其影响因素。研究结果为 ICU 老年照顾者的心理风险评估提供了理论支持和实践路径，提示应尽早开展 ASD 筛查、关注高风险特征指标，并为制定个体化心理援助方案提供科学依据。建议临床在 ICU 照护过程中加强对老年照顾者的心理支持服务，以缓解急性应激反应、促进心理恢复，避免其发展为 ASD。</p
A Study of Mental Health Among Reunion Population After Separation
No full text由于多种原因，如历史变迁、自然灾害、战争冲突、移民、人口贩卖、逃离剥夺和走失等原因，人们常常面临与亲人离失的风险。这些曾与亲人离失，但主 动或被动与亲人（包括父母、子女、兄弟姐妹等直系亲属）恢复联络、重获团圆的人群被称作失散后团圆人群。对于失散后团圆人群家庭而言，长期分离及分离经历中遭受到的经济压力、暴力对待、逃离剥夺等，都是巨大的压力和创伤来源，这些来源都是产生慢性应激的压力源。在慢性应激情境下，焦虑、抑郁和创伤后应激障碍是较为典型的心理反应。目前国内缺乏失散后团圆人群心理健康相关研究，国外关于分离与团圆的文献也多从社会、经济、家庭适应等方面着手，极少有系统的心理研究专门聚焦到这一人群。因此，研究失散后团圆人群焦虑、抑郁、PTSD 的现状、特点、影响因素及其影响机制具有重要意义。
研究一采用问卷调查法，考察失散后团圆人群焦虑、抑郁和 PTSD 的检出率、 共同检出率及其与人口学特征的关系。研究基于中国心理学会心理危机干预工作委员会与“头条寻人”合作发起的失散后团圆人群身心健康调研数据，最终纳入 684 名有效研究对象。使用广泛性焦虑量表、抑郁筛查量表和创伤后应激障碍自评量表测量被试心理健康状况，并分析性别、年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、子女数量、赡养老人数量、工作状态及家庭收入等因素的影响。结果显示，失散后团圆人群焦虑检出率为 70.8%，抑郁检出率 76%，PTSD 检出率 60.1%，三者共同检出率达 49%-70%。进一步分析表明，较低的教育水平、较低的家庭收入以及较高的家庭责任（如子女抚养、老人赡养）显著增加焦虑、抑郁和 PTSD 的风险，而受教育程度、工作状态和家庭收入是重要的保护因素。
研究二采用结构方程模型，探讨社会支持对焦虑、抑郁和 PTSD 的具体影响机制。研究发现，心理韧性在社会支持与焦虑、抑郁和 PTSD 之间起完全或部分中介作用，心理灵活性在社会支持对抑郁、焦虑和 PTSD 的影响之间发挥了显著的调节作用。进一步的简单斜率分析显示，低水平心理灵活性个体需外部支持缓冲压力，而高水平心理灵活性个体可能因创伤反刍加剧 PTSD 风险。此外，低收入群体因社会支持-需求错配，其保护效应可能失效；而高收入群体尽管具备较强的心理韧性，但心理韧性存在保护阈值，该群体仍可能面临较高的症状困境。
研究三采用深入访谈法，选取来自全国 17 个省、市的 30 名失散后团圆人群进行半结构式访谈，并运用主题分析法探讨焦虑、抑郁和 PTSD 的表现及相关影响因素。结果表明，个体的社会支持水平、心理灵活性和心理韧性受到家庭经济状况及社会资源可获得性的影响。高收入个体的心理韧性虽较强，但承担过多家庭责任可能导致“韧性过载”现象，而低收入个体因资源剥夺和照护压力加剧心理健康问题。此外，社会支持的缺乏或反向透支，可能削弱心理灵活性和心理韧性的保护作用，使焦虑、抑郁和 PTSD 进一步恶化。本研究结论如下：
（1）失散后团圆人群心理健康风险与离散经历（离散时间、人口贩卖、逃 离剥夺、暴力虐待等）密切相关，处于慢性应激情境下，焦虑、抑郁和 PTSD 的发生率显著高于一般灾难幸存者；
（2）社会支持、心理韧性和心理灵活性对焦虑、抑郁和 PTSD 具有显著影响，其中社会支持在低收入群体中保护效应弱化，而心理灵活性可能对 PTSD 具有双重效应；
（3）心理健康受多重社会经济因素调节，低教育、低收入及多重家庭责任构成心理健康风险的三重叠加因素；
（4）需构建“经济安全-心理服务-家庭重构”三位一体支持体系，优化社会支持资源匹配，并推进创伤知情照护模式，以促进失散后团圆人群的心理康复。</p
Interpersonal environmental communication promotes pro-environmental behaviors a systematic examination across time and groups
No full textInterpersonal environmental communication (IEC) has not been systematically examined in terms of its effects on different types of pro-environmental behaviors, its applicability to groups with varying levels of ecological worldview, and its long-term impact. To address these theoretical gaps, we conducted three studies based on impression management theory. Study 1, using cross-sectional survey data (n = 1,889), revealed that IEC has a stronger effect on adolescents’ public-sphere pro-environmental behaviors and is more inffuential for those with a lower ecological worldview. Study 2, using longitudinal data (n = 764), demonstrated that IEC has a long-term and more pronounced impact on speciffc public-sphere pro-environmental behaviors (e.g., donation), and on adolescents with a lower ecological worldview in certain pro-environmental behaviors (e.g., volunteer services). Study 3, using a longitudinal survey of adults (n = 601), further validated that IEC has a long-term and stronger effect on public-sphere pro-environmental behaviors and on adults with a lower ecological worldview. These studies provide strong evidence of the robust, long-term, and cross-age effect of interpersonal environmental communication on pro-environmental behaviors. Based on these ffndings, policymakers in education, media, and community could foster public activities that are collective and visible, enhancing opportunities for social engagement around pro-environmental actions.</p
Information-Theoretic Dual Memory System for continual learning
No full textThe ability to continuously acquire new knowledge from a dynamic environment is fundamental for animal survival and adaptation. This process, known as continual learning (CL), emphasizes learning a sequence of tasks without compromising previously acquired knowledge. A common strategy for CL is to store key data samples from earlier tasks in a fixed-size memory buffer. However, most existing memory-based methods rely on a single buffer, making it difficult to manage newly acquired samples and previously learned samples simultaneously. Inspired by the theory of complementary learning systems (CLS), which distinguishes between fast and incremental learning mechanisms, this paper proposes a novel dual-memory architecture called Information-Theoretic Dual Memory System (ITDMS). The system consists of a fast memory buffer for temporarily storing new samples and a slow memory buffer for retaining key informative data. The fast memory buffer is managed by efficient storage sampling. To enhance the slow memory buffer, this paper introduces a new information-theoretic optimization strategy that selectively retains diverse and informative samples. In addition, a balanced sample selection mechanism is also proposed that automatically identifies and removes redundant samples, thereby freeing up memory space for new data and achieving scalability across more tasks. Our approach has been evaluated through extensive CL experiments. Empirical results demonstrate that the proposed ITDMS can effectively improve learning performance while maintaining memory efficiency.</p
Enhancing effects on memory for psychotherapy in people with anxiety via metaphor encoding of solutions and motivated retrieval of problem contexts
No full textThe psychotherapeutic memory is vital for sustaining the therapy's effect for longer, as it serves as a resource for coping with future mental distress. This study used "problem-solution" micro-counselling dialogues (MCDs) to investigate whether memory for psychotherapy in people with anxiety could be promoted by enhancing encoding and retrieval of memory. Experiment 1 examined whether metaphorical encoding of solutions could obtain better memory of solutions in people with anxiety. Experiment 2 examined whether high retrieval motivation (HRM) of problems could promote memory retrieval of solutions, especially metaphorical ones, compared with low retrieval motivation (LRM) in people with anxiety. The results revealed that (1) metaphorical encoding increased memory performance, with higher memory discrimination (d') and correct recognition numbers (CR) of solutions compared with literal solutions in both the anxious and healthy group. (2) High retrieval motivation increased memory performance only in anxious participants, with the d' of HRM higher than LRM and the d' of HRM in metaphorical solutions higher than literal ones. These results indicated optimal memory of psychotherapy for anxious individuals can be achieved by simultaneously employing metaphorical encoding of solutions and increasing the retrieval motivation of problems.</p
Green self-accountability and temporal distance impact on sustainable consumption behavior: the mediating role of anticipated emotions
No full textPurpose With the rise in global consumption depleting natural resources and harming the environment, promoting sustainable consumption is essential. Our study explores how green self-accountability affects sustainable purchasing over different time frames, examining the impact on short (one week) and long-term (one year) choices toward green products and the underlying mechanisms.Methods We conducted two experiments where participants made green purchasing decisions, with the first activating green self-accountability and the second also measuring anticipated emotional responses.Results Findings show that green self-accountability boosts sustainable purchasing, particularly for immediate choices, driven by anticipated pride in buying green products.Conclusion Green self-accountability significantly enhances sustainable purchasing, aided by anticipated pride. This suggests that marketing strategies emphasizing environmental urgency and consumers' eco-unfriendly behaviors can foster sustainable consumer habits
Task difficulty modulates the effect of mind wandering on phase dynamics
No full textMind wandering attenuates widespread sensory and motor processing, both of which are mediated by phase coherence. However, it remains unclear i) whether mind wandering impacts both sensory input and motor output processing by modulating ii) neural entrainment to external stimuli, as measured by intertrial phase coherence (ITPC), and specifically iii) whether task difficulty with different degrees of attentional demands moderates the impact of mind wandering on phase coherence. Using the thought- probe method, we assessed participants' attentional states during different sensory and motor tasks with varying task difficulty. We found that mind wandering decreased ITPC exclusively in less demanding tasks but not in difficult ones, regardless of whether the tasks involved visual input or motor output processing. Our results suggest that external task difficulty may modulate the balance between external and internal cognitive processing (e.g., mind wandering), with simpler tasks facilitating internally oriented cognition and increasing mind wandering. This balance between internal mind wandering and external task difficulty is mediated, in part, by phase coherence, which serves as an underlying neural mechanism. Collectively, our findings support the hypothesis that phase coherence and its dynamics (ITPC) play a key role in mediating the reciprocal balance of internal and external cognition-this suggests their partly shared cognitive- executive resources as entailed by the recently proposed Baseline model of cognition.</p
Love at first glance: Imbalanced processing to gaming and natural rewards in internet gaming disorder
No full textBackground and aimsIndividuals with Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) exhibit a heightened reward responsiveness to gaming-related rewards, alongside a diminished response to natural rewards. However, the temporal dynamics and neural correlates underlying this imbalanced processing remain unclear.MethodsThis electrophysiological study investigated the neural responses associated with reward processing and their relationship to self-reported reward responsiveness. Using an Incentive Delay Task, we compared neural responses to gaming and monetary rewards between 25 IGD participants and 32 recreational game users (RGUs). Self-reported reward responsiveness was assessed with the Behavioral Approach/Inhibition System (BAS/BIS) scales.ResultsThe IGD group scored higher on the BAS-responsiveness subscale. Correlation analysis indicated that enhanced BAS-responsiveness was associated with automatic attention (N1) to gaming feedback, but not with feedback monitoring (FRN) or emotional arousal (LPP). No such correlation was found in the monetary condition. Following initial automatic attention, the IGD group demonstrated selective feedback monitoring (FRN) for gaming rewards while neglecting monetary feedback.Discussion and ConclusionsGaming stimuli automatically capture the attention of individuals with IGD, triggering less top-down monitoring of other potential positive feedback. These findings suggest that attentional bias toward game-related stimuli serves as a sensitive biological marker of heightened reward responsiveness in individuals with IGD
Deciphering the bidirectional relationships between the density of psychiatrists and suicide rates across genders
No full textBackground: Much uncertainty exists regarding whether a greater density of psychiatrists mitigates suicide rates, and whether such effects are bidirectional and the same for males and females. Methods: We collected publicly available data from 39 OECD countries from 2010 to 2021. The mutual relationships between the density of psychiatrists, as an indicator of available mental health services, and male or female suicide rates were examined by following a longitudinal cross-lagged panel design with fixed-effects panel models. Interaction terms with GDP per capita and grouped regressions were conducted to further investigate whether these links varied with the economy and culture. Results: The results indicated that the density of psychiatrists could be related to subsequent female suicide rates (beta = -7.331, 95 % CI [-13.730, -0.932]) after controlling for the autoregressive effects of suicide rates and GDP per capita, and vice versa (beta = 0.001, 95 % CI [0.000, 0.002]). None of the interaction terms were significant, and these associations were only evident in Europe. Furthermore, no bidirectional relationship was established in males. Conclusions: The relationships between female suicide rates and the density of psychiatrists as an indicator of mental health services highlighted that greater availability mitigated female suicide rates, and female suicide rates positively influenced the availability of mental health services in return. These effects remained stable across economies and only existed in Europe. Importantly, greater availability of mental health services seemed not to correlate with reduced suicide rates among males, who as a group account for most deaths
Enhancing driving safety with customized music: A simulator study using entropy weight and Bayesian Networks
No full textIntroduction: Listening to music while driving is a common practice. Extensive research has explored its effects on driving performance, with a growing consensus suggesting that the optimal complexity of music varies depending on different driving scenarios to maintain drivers' arousal levels. However, these optimal levels can vary significantly among individuals. This study investigates how drivers with different characteristics respond to sudden events under various musical conditions. Methods: We integrated eight driving-related ability traits into a comprehensive construct titled "driving characteristics." Twenty-eight drivers were categorized into three groups (qualified, good, and excellent) and completed driving tasks under various musical conditions defined by tempo (fast/slow) and lyrics (with/without). Driving performance was assessed using multiple indicators and synthesized into a composite score using the Entropy Weight Method. Bayesian Networks were utilized to analyze collision probabilities and identify critical influencing factors. Results: Significant main effects were found for both lyrics (p = 0.01) and driving characteristics (p < 0.01). Music without lyrics (0.73 +/- 0.02) demonstrated superior performance compared to music with lyrics (0.68 +/- 0.02). The excellent group (0.79 +/- 0.03) significantly outperformed both the good (0.66 +/- 0.02) and qualified (0.66 +/- 0.02) groups. An interaction effect showed that slow-tempo music outperformed fast-tempo music when lyrics were present. Bayesian Networks indicated that the impact of music on overspeed and collision probabilities varied based on driving characteristics. Conclusions: While drivers with superior driving characteristics can better manage complex music, individual differences in driving strategies can lead to performance variability even within the same characteristic group. Drivers should prioritize safe driving and adapt their music choices to align with their capabilities. Practical Applications: These findings may help vehicle manufacturers and music platforms enhance safety and performance by recommending personalized music and improve drivers' responses to sudden incidents
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