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Adolescent multidimensional stressors and their associations with depressive symptoms: a content analysis and network analysis
No full text青少年处于生理、心理与社会角色迅速转变的关键时期，是抑郁症高发敏感期，所面临的多种压力源与抑郁症状的发生发展密切相关。优化压力源测量工具，探索不同发展阶段多维压力源与抑郁症状的关联机制，对于优化心理健康评估工具及干预策略具有重要意义。
研究一：基于压力源发生频率与强度的量化指标，通过系统综述的编码策略和定量内容分析的文本处理过程，对压力源条目进行分类与筛选形成初始量表，进行条目分析形成正式量表。选取1107名12~19岁青少年进行验证性因子分析、内部一致性信度和效标关联效度检验，选取 37 人进行间隔 2 周的重测；采用患者健康问卷(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑障碍量表(GAD-7)作为效标工具。青少年多维压力源量表包含 4 个维度（自我、家庭、同伴、学校）共 28 个条目。验证性因子分析显示结构效度良好（?? 2⁄???? = 3.02，CFI=0.959，TLI=0.955，RMSEA=0.043，SRMR=0.064）。总量表 Cronbach′s α 系数为 0.935，各维度 Cronbach′s α 系数为 0.814~0.866；重测信度为 0.943；量表总分及各维度得分与效标得分均显著正相关（r=0.533~0.710，P＜0.001）。结果表明，量表内部一致性信度、重测信度和效标关联效度均达到心理测量学要求，量表具备良好的信效度。
研究二：探讨不同发展阶段青少年多维压力源与抑郁症状的关系。采用网络分析方法，构建青少年不同发展阶段压力源与抑郁症状的关系网络，识别网络核心症状及桥接症状，探索对网络整体水平影响最大的潜在治疗和预防干预靶点，评估不同阶段网络差异。结果显示，青少年不同发展阶段，情绪低落、精力下降始终是网络核心症状，自我压力始终是与抑郁子集关联最密切的桥接症状；自我压力以及学校压力（青春期早期和晚期）是潜在治疗靶点；精力下降、情绪低落以及同伴压力（青春期早期）是潜在预防靶点。
综上所述，本研究优化了青少年压力源测量工具的条目生成流程，系统识别和筛选显著负面压力源并进行量表编制，经检验量表具有良好的心理测量学特征，可作为评估中国青少年压力源水平的测量工具；本研究揭示了发展阶段视角下压力源与抑郁症状的动态关联，识别网络核心症状、桥症状及对症状网络整体水平影响较大的干预靶点，为青少年阶段性、精准化的心理干预策略的制定提供了理论与实证支持。</p
Breaking Bias: Public Negative Attitudes Toward Elderly Regarding Waste Separation and Strategies for Improvement
No full text本研究以应对全球气候变化和建设积极老龄化社会为背景，聚焦城市固体废物管理中的代际公平问题，旨在揭示并改善公众对老年群体垃圾分类行为的认知偏见，探索有效的干预路径，以促进全民参与垃圾分类，助力社会可持续发展。现有研究虽广泛应用计划行为理论等解释亲环境行为，但往往忽略了认知偏差的影响。本研究运用访谈法与观察法，揭示了公众对老年群体垃圾分类的表现存在认知偏见。基于刻板印象内容模型，系统探讨了公众对老年群体垃圾分类的消极态度及其影响因素。同时，依据社会投射、精细加工可能性模型和接触假说，考察公众对垃圾分类的熟悉度和反刻板印象信息提高公众对老年群体垃圾分类积极态度的有效性。
研究一结合访谈法和观察法，探讨公众对老年群体垃圾分类的表现存在认知偏见。观察法通过隐蔽式观察共计 1319 人次，发现老年群体在厨余垃圾分类方面表现出更高的正确率。但是，深度访谈 93 受访者(女性 61.29%；平均年龄39.42 岁)，扎根理论分析结果揭示：公众对老年群体垃圾分类持有消极态度，消极老化刻板印象是主要原因。通过三级编码，消极老化刻板印象被解构为生理功能、认知功能、动机、意识和知识四个维度。访谈研究还发现，工作单位类型对老年群体的态度影响显著，物业和社区居委会单位的受访者更倾向于对老年群体持积极态度，暗示公众对垃圾分类的熟悉度和反刻板印象信息的潜在影响。
研究二采用问卷调查法，对 673 名被试(女性 45.02%，平均年龄 34.91 岁)进行调查。结果再次验证，公众对老年群体垃圾分类表现持有消极态度。此外，公众对垃圾分类的熟悉度改善对老年群体垃圾分类的态度。方差分析证实，高熟悉度组对公众对老年群体垃圾分类的态度显著高于中、低熟悉度组。多元回归分析进一步确认，公众对垃圾分类的熟悉度是对老年群体垃圾分类积极态度的显著正向预测因子，即使控制人口学变量和工作单位类型后，熟悉度依然显著增强模型的解释力。
为了探究公众对垃圾分类的熟悉度与反刻板印象信息干预的联合效应，研究三采用情境想象实验法，采用 2（反刻板印象信息：干预、控制）×2（熟悉度： 高、低）×2（时间：前测、后测）的混合实验设计，招募 412 名女性在校大学 生(女性 100%，平均年龄 20.56 岁)。基于研究一 a 梳理出的公众对老年群体垃圾分类持消极态度的四个核心因素，编制用于消除消极老化刻板印象的刺激文本。结果显示，反刻板印象信息干预能够显著改善公众对老年群体的垃圾分类的态度，并显著降低消极老化刻板印象，提升积极老化刻板印象。高熟悉度组对老年群体垃圾分类的态度提升幅度显著大于低熟悉度组，消极老化刻板印象下降幅度显著大于低熟悉度组，表明高熟悉度在态度改善和降低消极刻板印象方面有一定效果。 此外，研究还发现与老年群体的接触质量是影响公众对老年群体态度和老化刻板印象的关键因素，其重要性远超与老年群体的接触频率。
本研究揭示公众对老年群体垃圾分类存在认知偏差，探索其影响因素与有效干预路径，为破解代际环境认知偏差提供理论依据，为政策制定者提供实证依据。推动积极老化形象、提升垃圾分类熟悉度，促进与老年群体高质量接触，一方面有助于进一步激发老年人参与垃圾分类的潜力，另一方面通过重塑社会规范，促使中青年群体效仿老年群体并积极参与到垃圾分类中，构建更加包容和高效的固体废物管理体系。这为政策制定者提供了实证依据，有助于推动绿色低碳转型和积极老龄化的实现。</p
Which Train Should Be Stopped First? The Impact of Working Memory Capacity and Relative Risk Level on Priority Judgment of High-Speed Railway Dispatchers During Emergency
No full textHigh-speed railway is a highly automated and reliable system, but during natural disasters, it still relies on dispatchers to execute fast andaccurateemergency responses. This study examines the core decision problem faced by dispatchers in emergency management - the issue of priority judgment. Focusing on earthquake scenarios, this study examined how situational factors and individual competence as measured by working memory capacity jointly affect this process. A total of 71 professional high-speed rail dispatchers participated. Their working memory was first assessed using 2-back tasks. They then made priority judgments in a series of scenarios involving two trains with varying distal differences toward earthquake center (ΔD: 0 km, 4 km, 8 km, 12 km, 16 km, 20 km) and directions (toward/away from the earthquake zone). The results show that all factors jointly influenced the dispatchers’ priority judgments. Crucially, the distal differences (ΔD) had a decisive impact, with trains closer to the epicenter more likely to be prioritized. Furthermore, only dispatchers with high working memory capacity considered the influence of train movement direction. This study not only introduces a new approach to understanding human decision in complex systems but also provides theoretical support for dispatcher training programs - an important practical step to ensure the safe and efficient operation of high-speed rail networks during emergencies.</p
The Influence of Social Context on Perceptual Decision Making and Its Computational Neural Mechanisms
No full textPerceptual decision making refers to the process by which individuals make choices and judgments based on sensory information, serving as a fundamental ability for human adaptation to complex environments. While traditional research has focused on perceptual decision making in isolated contexts, growing evidence highlights the profound influence of social contexts prevalent in real-world scenarios. As a crucial factor supporting individual survival and development, social context not only provides rich information sources but also shapes perceptual decision making through top-down processing mechanisms, prompting researchers to recognize the inherently social nature of human decisions. Empirical studies have demonstrated that social information, such as others' choices or group norms, can systematically bias individuals' perceptual decisions, often manifesting as conformity behaviors. Social influence can also facilitate performance under certain conditions, particularly when individuals can accurately identify and adopt high-quality social information. The impact of social context on perceptual decisions is modulated by a variety of external and internal factors, including group characteristics (e. g., group size, response consistency), attributes of peers (e. g., familiarity, social status, distinctions between human and artificial agents), as well as individual differences such as confidence, personality traits, and developmental stage. The motivations driving social influence encompass three primary mechanisms: improving decision accuracy through informational influence, gaining social acceptance through normative influence, and maintaining positive self-concept. Recent computational approaches have employed diverse theoretical frameworks to provide valuable insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying social influence in perceptual decision making. Reinforcement learning models demonstrate how social feedback shapes future choices through reward-based updating. Bayesian inference frameworks describe how individuals integrate personal beliefs with social information based on their respective reliabilities, dynamically updating beliefs to optimize decisions under uncertainty. Drift diffusion models offer powerful tools to decompose social influence into distinct cognitive components, allowing researchers to differentiate between changes in perceptual processing and shifts in decision criteria. Collectively, these models establish a comprehensive methodological foundation for disentangling the multiple pathways by which social context shapes perceptual decisions. Neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies provide converging evidence that social context influences perceptual decision making through multi-level neural mechanisms. At early perceptual processing stages, social influence modulates sensory evidence accumulation in parietal cortex and directly alters primary visual cortex activity, while guiding selective attention to stimulus features consistent with social norms through attentional alignment mechanisms. At higher cognitive levels, the reward system (ventral striatum, ventromedial prefrontal cortex) is activated during group-consistent decisions; emotion-processing networks (anterior cingulate cortex, insula, amygdala) regulate experiences of social acceptance and rejection; and mentalizing-related brain regions (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction) support inference of others' mental states and social information integration.
These neural circuits work synergistically to achieve top-down multi-level modulation of perceptual decision making. Understanding the mechanisms by which social context shapes perceptual decision making has broad theoretical and practical implications. These insights inform the optimization of collective decision-making, the design of socially adaptive human-computer interaction systems, and interventions for cognitive disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and anorexia nervosa. Future studies should combine computational modeling and neuroimaging approaches to systematically investigate the multi-level and dynamic nature of social influences on perceptual decision making
The Impact of Childhood Maltreatment Experiences on Emotion Regulation in Chinese Methamphetamine-Dependent Inpatients: A Mediation Model
No full textChildhood maltreatment increases the risk of drug dependency by affecting emotion regulation. However, the relationship between childhood maltreatment, emotion regulation, rumination and impulsive behaviour remains unclear. This study examined the mediating role of rumination and impulsivity in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and emotion regulation among methamphetamine-dependent inpatients (MDIs). A total of 592 male MDIs were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Participants provided sociodemographic information and completed assessments using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), Nolen-Hoeksema Ruminative Responses Scale (NH-RRS), SUPPS-P Impulsivity Behaviour Scale (SUPPS-P) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DER). Of the 592 inpatients, 56.4% reported experiencing childhood maltreatment. Compared to nonmaltreated patients, those who experienced childhood maltreatment were more likely to be unmarried, have hypertension, exhibit greater self-motivation for detoxification, and report higher levels of suicidal ideation. They also demonstrated poorer emotion regulation. Additionally, rumination mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and impaired emotion regulation. Our findings suggest a significant association between childhood maltreatment and impaired emotion regulation in MDIs, with rumination serving as a key mediator of this relationship
COMT rs4680 and DAOA rs947267 Polymorphism Interact to Influence Cognition and Psychiatric Symptoms in Chronic Schizophrenia
No full textDopaminergic and glutamatergic dysfunction, involving genes such as COMT and DAOA, is implicated in schizophrenia. However, large-scale studies examining their interactions on cognitive and symptomatic outcomes remain scarce. COMT rs4680 and DAOA rs947267 polymorphisms were measured in chronic schizophrenics (n = 758) and controls (n = 416), and cognition and psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Both the dominant (OR = 0.582, p = 0.024) and heterozygous (OR = 0.533, p = 0.012) models revealed notable variations in genotype distribution between cases and controls for the COMT polymorphism. Among females, the COMT polymorphism conferred a risk under the recessive model (OR = 1.571, p = 0.045) but a protective effect under heterozygous (OR = 0.378, p = 0.026) and codominant (OR = 0.515, p = 0.005) models. Additionally, we found that the COMT Val and DAOA A alleles interacted synergistically to worsen immediate memory in patients with schizophrenia. A significant COMT x DAOA interaction on language (p = 0.019) was revealed in schizophrenia but not in controls. Val/Val + A schizophrenia carriers exhibit poorer language performance than Met + A carriers (AA/CA genotypes) (p = 0.019). Furthermore, Met + CC schizophrenia carriers demonstrated significantly higher PANSS-G (p = 0.020) or total PANSS scores (p = 0.008) than Met + A carriers. These findings, derived from large-scale empirical data, offer a more profound understanding of the complex regulatory mechanism between the dopamine and glutamate systems regarding cognition and clinical symptoms in chronic schizophrenia. This understanding may lead to the development of more effective treatments targeting both systems.</p
The Chain Mediating Effects of Parent-Child Conflict and Screen Time on the Relationship Between Parental Phubbing and Problem Behaviors in Preschoolers
No full textThis study aims to investigate the key factors contributing to parental phubbing behaviors (the combination of "phone" and "snubbing"), ultimately reducing behavioral problems and promoting healthy development among preschool children. Parental phubbing refers to the phenomenon where parents neglect their children due to excessive mobile device use during parent-child interactions. A questionnaire was administered to 751 parents of preschool children during 2023 using a convenience sampling methodology. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate the underlying mechanisms among parental phubbing behavior, parent-child conflict, children's screen exposure duration, and preschool children's problematic behaviors. The phenomenon of parental phubbing exhibits a medium-high level of prevalence, paralleled by medium-high levels of problematic behaviors in preschool children; Parental phubbing not only directly predicts problematic behaviors in preschool children, but also indirectly influences these behaviors through a mediating chain comprising parent-child conflict and children's screen exposure duration. However, parental phubbing behavior does not directly predict preschool children's screen exposure duration; rather, parental phubbing behavior influences children's screen time through parent-child conflict as a significant mediating factor. The phenomenon of parental phubbing behavior is concerning, suggesting that parents should pay attention to the potential hazards of media use on preschool children, improve their own media literacy, and provide appropriate media guidance to their children while accompanying them at home, so as to jointly promote the comprehensive development of preschool children.</p
Distinct effects of early-stage and late-stage socioeconomic factors on brain and behavioral traits
No full textSocioeconomic status (SES) is a time-varying multidimensional construct with ill-defined dimension-specific and age-specific effects on brain and behavior. We investigated these effects in 4,228 young adults. From 16 socioeconomic indicators, assessed for early (0-10 years) and late (>10 years) stages, we constructed family, provincial, family adverse and neighborhood adverse socioeconomic dimensions. Generally, family SES was associated with brain structure and connectivity along with cognitive function, whereas family adverse and neighborhood adverse SES were associated with personality and emotion. Most associations were observed for both early and late-stage SES; however, adjusting for the effect of early stage SES revealed late-stage-specific SES effects. Changes in SES were associated with personality and cognitive function. Cerebellar and medial frontal volumes and functional connectivity within the left frontoparietal network mediated the associations between family SES and memory and openness. These results inform both more precise interventions for reducing the consequences of adverse SES and experimental designs for excluding confounding socioeconomic effects on human health.</p
The Eye Movement Database of Passage Reading in Vertically Written Traditional Mongolian
No full textThis paper introduces an eye-tracking corpus of passage reading data in the vertical writing system of traditional Mongolian. This corpus extends the Multilingual Eye Movement Corpus (MECO) database and includes data from 66 native readers of traditional Mongolian script reading 12 texts comprising 99 sentences and 2,592 words. This traditional Mongolian MECO corpus aims to address the research gap in reading studies on understudied languages. As one of the very few actively used vertical writing systems, these data offer unique insights into the cognitive and visual processing demands of vertical reading. The paper provides reliability estimates for the data and reports lexical benchmark effects of word frequency and length. Additionally, the corpus provides a valuable opportunity for cross-linguistic comparisons of eye movement data, especially with horizontal writing systems, contributing to a better understanding of how reading direction influences cognitive processing.</p
Rumination and drug craving scores in Chinese male patients with methamphetamine and heroin use disorders: a cross-sectional study
No full textBackground Rumination is an essential trans-diagnostic process associated with substance use disorders (SUDs) in psychopathology. In China, methamphetamine and heroin have become major illegal drugs, but the role of rumination in their use remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between rumination subtypes and drug craving in patients with methamphetamine use disorder (MAUD) and 81 patients with heroin use disorder (HUD). Methods A total of 489 participants, including 408 patients with MAUD and 81 patients with HUD, were recruited from a rehabilitation center. Participants were screened for inclusion criteria, and the Obsessive Compulsive Drug Use Scale (OCDUS) was used to assess drug craving. Rumination was assessed using the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS), categorized into three dimensions: symptom rumination, brooding, and reflective pondering. Correlational and multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between rumination and craving. Results Compared to patients with MAUD, patients with HUD had significantly higher RRS and OCDUS total score (42.51 vs 39.71 and 25.99 vs 20.95, both p < 0.01). In patients with MAUD, the OCDUS total score was positively correlated with the total score (r = 0.298, p < 0.01) and all subscale scores of the RRS (for reflective pondering, r = 0.180; for brooding, r = 0.230; for symptom rumination, r = 0.325; all p < 0.01). However, in patients with HUD, only symptom rumination was positively associated with the OCDUS total score (r = 0.247, p < 0.05). Multiple regression showed symptom rumination was independently associated with OCDUS total score in both groups (for patients with MAUD, beta = 0.324, p < 0.001; for patients with HUD, beta = 0.252, p < 0.05). Conclusions Our findings suggest that rumination shows different effects on craving in male patients with MAUD and HUD. Moreover, symptom rumination may have a significant influence on the connection between rumination and craving in individuals with MAUD and HUD.</p
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