Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Perceived sensorimotor synchrony enhances pain modulation and attenuates laser-evoked potentials
No full textSensorimotor synchronization to music, referring to the temporal alignment of movement with auditory rhythms, has been associated with immersive engagement and enhanced pleasure. In the present study, we investigated its analgesic effects by three main experiments involving 224 healthy participants. Pain modulation was assessed by changes in responses to noxious laser stimuli before and after auditory stimulation (listening vs. no listening) and drumming activity (drumming vs. no drumming). Participants in the drumming-and-listening group exhibited greater reductions in pain intensity and unpleasantness than those in other groups, highlighting the analgesic advantage of such combination (Experiment 1). We then manipulated the perceived synchrony and revealed that participants in the in-phase synchrony group reported stronger perceived synchrony and greater pain reduction, when compared with asynchrony group (Experiment 2). Electrophysiological data further associated this analgesic effect with reduced laser-evoked N2 amplitudes (Experiment 3). Our findings indicate that perceived sensorimotor synchrony facilitates pain reduction, suggesting that rhythm-based interventions are a promising non-pharmacological approach to pain management.</p
The Deteriorated Center-Surround Suppression in Patients With First-Episode and Drug-Naïve Major Depressive Disorder
No full textBackground: Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients are often associated with inhibition deficits in the visual cortex. Most previous research has focused on visual inhibition in MDD patients during acute and remission phases, with little research on first-episode and drug-na & iuml;ve (FEDN) patients. To fill this gap, we psychophysically investigated the inhibitory process of visual motion in patients with FEDN MDD. Methods: Two psychophysical tasks: Center-Surround Suppression (CSS) and Motion Repulsion (MR) were utilized to investigate the presence of visual perceptual inhibition deficits in patients with FEDN MDD. We collected data from 74 patients with FEDN MDD and 68 healthy controls (HCs) matched for age, years of education, and gender. We also measured the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, 17-item (HAMD-17) for each patient to assess the severity of depressive symptoms. Results: The results showed that CSS was significantly deteriorated in FEDN MDD patients (p = 0.001), but it did not correlate with the HAMD score (p > 0.05). In addition, no significant differences were observed between the two groups of subjects in terms of gender, age, and education level (all p > 0.05). Analysis of two previously published datasets using the same CSS task involving MDD patients in different illness stages revealed that the levels of CSS reduction in our FEDN patients were also significantly distinguishable from those in acute and recovered MDD patients (all p < 0.01). This quantitative comparison indicates that CSS impairments are dynamic over the course of illness development. Moreover, the magnitudes of MR showed no significant differences between MDD patients and HCs (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our study was the first to demonstrate the deteriorated CSS in patients with FEDN MDD. Notably, inhibitory deficits in MDD are also highly specific, as MDD affects only the CSS, but not the MR. Therefore, the discrepancy between these two psychophysical tasks suggests CSS may serve as a feasible early marker in MDD. These findings offer new insights into the specific visual cortical deficits in patients with FEDN MDD. Limitation: The current study lacks imaging data to support the perceptual phenomenon we observed.</p
Family income or left-behind status? Exploring the key determinant of rural children's emotional and behavioral problems
No full textLeft-behind children, who are usually raised by non-parent caregivers, are often regarded as problem children in China. However, the association between left-behind status (i.e., whether children are left behind) and problem behaviors remains controversial due to the confounding effects of other demographic characteristics, such as sex, age, parents' educational attainment and family income. Our study utilized a large national survey to investigate which demographic characteristics, particularly left-behind status, are associated with the highest risk of emotional and behavioral problems in children. A total of 10,124 children (aged 3-8 years) and their primary caregivers from 27 counties in 12 provinces of China were included in this study. The participants completed a demographic information questionnaire (e.g., left-behind status, sex, age, education levels of parents and primary caregivers, and family income) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of children with similar demographic information, and the emotional behavioral problems of these subgroups were subsequently compared. Rural children were divided into four significantly different subgroups based on demographic characteristics. A comparison of the differences in emotional and behavioral problems among the four subgroups showed that a child's level of emotional and behavioral problems was associated with family income but not left-behind status. Our results indicate that being left behind might not be the determinant of rural children's emotional and behavioral problems. Instead, the family income may play a crucial role.</p
Cross-ancestry and sex-stratified genome-wide association analyses of amygdala and subnucleus volumes
No full textThe amygdala is a small but critical multi-nucleus structure for emotion, cognition and neuropsychiatric disorders. Although genetic associations with amygdala volumetric traits have been investigated in sex-combined European populations, cross-ancestry and sex-stratified analyses are lacking. Here we conducted cross-ancestry and sex-stratified genome-wide association analyses for 21 amygdala volumetric traits in 6,923 Chinese and 48,634 European individuals. We identified 191 variant-trait associations (P < 2.38 x 10(-9)), including 47 new associations (12 new loci) in sex-combined univariate analyses and seven additional new loci in sex- combined and sex-stratified multivariate analyses. We identified 12 ancestry-specific and two sex-specific associations. The identified genetic variants include 16 fine-mapped causal variants and regulate amygdala and fetal brain gene expression. The variants were enriched for brain development and colocalized with mood, cognition and neuropsychiatric disorders. These results indicate that cross-ancestry and sex-stratified genetic association analyses may provide insight into the genetic architectures of amygdala and subnucleus volumes.</p
The modulation of selective attention and divided attention on cross-modal congruence
No full textPrevious studies have demonstrated that performance under selective attention and divided attention can be enhanced or impaired, depending on whether the stimuli from different modalities are the same or different. However, it remains unclear whether the modulation of selective attention and divided attention on cross-modal congruence involves shared or distinct neural mechanisms. To clarify this, the present study adopted an audiovisual Stroop task (measuring selective attention) and an audiovisual Matching task (measuring divided attention), using the same physical stimuli, along with event-related potential (ERP) and time-frequency measures. The behavioral results revealed better performance when the auditory and visual stimuli were the same in both tasks. Electroencephalography (EEG) results revealed that different auditory and visual stimuli elicited increased N2 and late positive component (LPC) amplitudes, as well as increased theta power, in both tasks. Moreover, in the audiovisual Matching task, the P3 amplitude was lower in the different condition, and the delta power was greater in the same condition. However, in the audiovisual Stroop task, the amplitude of the N450 component was greater, and beta power was lower, in the different condition. These results indicate that both shared and distinct neural mechanisms underlie the modulation of different types of attention on cross-modal congruence.</p
High alpha oscillations in portable prefrontal EEG indicate gender-sensitive biomarkers for emotional disorders
No full textMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental health condition associated with substantial emotional and functional impairment. While interest in neurophysiological markers is growing, gender-specific neural oscillatory patterns measured by portable electroencephalogram (EEG) devices remain underexplored. This study examined whether relative spectral power in the high alpha band (11-13 Hz), recorded by a three-channel prefrontal EEG device during eyes-closed resting state, is associated with emotional states and clinical diagnosis, with attention to gender differences. Forty participants from the MODMA dataset were included, comprising 18 patients with MDD (8 females, 10 males; mean age = 30.39 +/- 10.91 years) and 22 healthy controls (8 females, 14 males; mean age = 30.86 +/- 9.40 years). All participants completed EEG recordings using both a 128-channel laboratory system and a portable three-channel device (Fp1, Fpz, Fp2). Emotional status was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF). Pearson correlations between relative spectral power and emotional scale scores were computed separately for males and females, with false discovery rate (FDR) correction applied to multiple comparisons. Spectral features from the portable EEG closely matched those of the lab system (r = 0.975). High alpha power was positively correlated with PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores, with stronger and more extended correlations observed in females, sometimes reaching into the low beta range. After FDR correction, significant correlations were observed primarily at 11-14 Hz. At 11.9 Hz, PHQ-9 correlations were significant for both males (r = 0.40, p = 0.011) and females (r = 0.33, p = 0.037). High alpha power also distinguished MDD from controls (r = 0.32, p = 0.042), independent of age and education. Frontal high alpha activity measured by a portable EEG device is a promising neural marker of emotional dysregulation, with stronger and broader associations observed in females. These findings support gender-sensitive EEG-based screening approaches for mood disorders in community and clinical settings.</p
The Potential and Challenges of Temporal Interference Stimulation in Chronic Pain Management
No full text慢性疼痛是一种复杂的生理和心理状态，其发生与深层脑区的可塑性重塑以及多系统功能紊乱密切相关。长期依赖药物镇痛不仅疗效有限，还可能带来显著副作用，因此亟需安全有效的非药物镇痛策略。神经调控技术通过物理或化学手段调节神经通路活动，为慢性疼痛干预提供了新思路。在现有神经调控体系中，侵入性的深部脑刺激虽可直接作用于深部靶点，但因手术创伤和成本较高等因素应用受限，而现有非侵入式技术又存在刺激深度有限、空间定位不准等局限，难以精准作用于与疼痛密切相关的深部脑区。时域干涉（temporal interference，TI）刺激技术通过高频电流在体内的干涉作用形成低频调制电场，可实现对深层靶点的无创聚焦刺激，在很大程度上突破了传统神经调控技术在深部脑刺激中的局限。本文综述了慢性疼痛的神经机制及其关键脑区的功能异常，系统阐释了时域干涉这一新型神经调控技术的工作原理及其相较现有技术的优势，重点讨论了针对慢性疼痛潜在干预靶点的选择依据，并介绍了时域干涉技术在安全性、耐受性和个体化参数优化方面的研究进展。时域干涉具备非侵入、舒适可耐受及精准调控深部脑区的独特优势，在慢性难治性疼痛管理中展现出巨大潜力，未来有望发展为新一代精准高效的非药物镇痛策略。</p
Chain mediation effect of financial practitioners' self-efficacy and mental toughness on perceived stress and mental health status
No full text目的 了解金融从业人员压力感知以及抑郁、焦虑、躯体化和寝食等心理健康状态的现状，考察金融从业人员自我效能感和心理韧性在压力感知和心理健康状态间的影响机制，为金融机构从业人员压力应对和心理健康水平提升提供决策依据。方法 2024年9—10月招募国内金融行业344名在职员工，使用压力感知量表（stress perception scale,PSS）、一般自我效能感量表（general self-efficacy scale,GSES）、心理韧性量表（Connor-Davidson resilience scale,CD-RISC）、症状自评量表（symptom check-list,SCL-90）和自编受访者基本信息表进行问卷调查，采用SPSS AU进行统计分析和中介效应检验。结果 344名金融从业人员压力感知总分为（1.725±0.649）分，其中，失控感因子为（1.564±0.803）分，紧张感因子为（1.887±0.885）分。SCL-90症状自评维度得分：抑郁为（1.970±0.848）分，焦虑为（1.759±0.798）分，躯体化为（1.589±0.662）分，其他（睡眠、饮食情况）为（1.836±0.765）分，以上维度总分为（1.788±0.716）分。自我效能感得分为（2.550±0.809）分，心理韧性得分为（2.445±1.185）分，其中韧性因子为（2.437±1.176）分、力量因子为（2.437±1.176）分、乐观因子为（2.365±1.314）分。抑郁、焦虑、躯体化、其他（睡眠、饮食）各维度及总得分均与压力感知呈正相关，与自我效能感、心理韧性呈负相关（均P<0.01）。用Bootstrap法进行中介效应分析，自我效能感和心理韧性在压力感知与心理健康状态间的链式中介效应路径存在（95%CI:0.089～0.170）。结论 金融从业人员压力感知处于较高水平，压力感知和心理健康状态因性别、地域、从业年限、机构类型、职位及收入等因素存在差异，压力感知对金融从业人员心理健康状态有显著正向预测作用，自我效能感和心理韧性在压力感知与心理健康状态间起链式中介作用。</p
The Interaction Between Physical Activity and Interoception:Mechanism and Application Research
No full text内感受通常被定义为感知、整合和解释各内脏信号的加工过程。近年来，身体活动和内感受关系的研究备受关注。内感受的变化有助于个体监控身体活动方面的多模态信号，调节运动强度，影响情绪体验。此外，身体活动也会影响内感受的发生，一方面，通过改变生理信号的传入实现自下而上的调节，另一方面，身体活动也会受到注意的影响，通过自上而下的方式调节内感受的感知过程。本文总结了身体活动和内感受交互作用的生理机制，并提炼了身体活动-内感受双向交互的理论模型。通过包含身体活动的适当干预手段优化健康人群的内感受能力，并对内感受受损的患者进行内感受功能修复，有利于其健康行为和疾病管理。未来研究应进一步深化理论机制，并结合个体差异等影响因素，开发以体育活动为基础的干预措施来优化个体的内感受。</p
Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Sense of Agency: Meta-Analytic Reviews of Behavioral and Neuroimaging Studies
No full textSense of agency refers to the feeling of controlling one's own actions, and, through them, events in the outside world. Contrasting cognitive theories emphasize either the importance of motor predictions or of retrospective inference in this ubiquitous experience. Temporal binding refers to the subjective compression of the time interval between voluntary actions and their outcomes and offers a reliable, quantitative measure of sense of agency. A rotating clock hand has been used to allow participants to indicate the perceived time of actions or outcomes. The perceived time of an action is shifted later if the action produces an outcome, compared to a baseline condition without an outcome (action binding). The perceived time of the outcome event is shifted earlier if it is caused by an action, compared to a baseline condition where the outcome occurs with no action (outcome binding). We report a meta-analysis of 75 published studies of action binding and outcome binding. Action binding showed a modest effect size that was increased for more volitional actions compared to less volitional control conditions. Outcome binding showed a large effect size that again depended on volition but also depended on other moderating factors such as outcome sensory modality, outcome valence, and action-outcome delay. A separate activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of 48 neuroimaging studies that used a range of different measures of agency, but not temporal binding, could identify neural networks corresponding to these moderating factors. The cerebellum, presupplementary motor area, and premotor cortex formed a volition-sensitive motor network, potentially mediating both action binding and outcome binding. Wider networks associated with effects of valence (caudate and putamen) and temporal delay integration nodes (temporoparietal junction) could be linked to strength of outcome binding only. These findings provide a novel neurocognitive framework explaining how dissociable components of temporal binding reflect both motor-specific and nonmotoric cognitive processes. These processes together produce the coherent experience of agency that accompanies a vast range of human actions
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