Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Upstream or downstream reciprocity: which matters more for sharing expectations and behavior in 4- to 5-year-old children?
No full textRecent research suggests that the sharing behavior of young children is influenced by indirect reciprocity. This study investigated how upstream reciprocity (the sharer's prior experience of being shared) and downstream reciprocity (the recipient's previous sharing behavior) influence sharing expectations and behavior in 4- to 5-year-olds. In Experiment 1, children acted as 'observers', predicting the number of stickers 'sharers' would allocate to 'recipients' with previous generous or stingy behavior. The sharers had previously experienced being shared with generously or stingily. In Experiment 2, children acted as 'sharers', directly experiencing being shared with generously or stingily before allocating stickers to 'recipients' with previous generous or stingy behavior. The results indicated that young children's sharing expectations and behavior are influenced by both upstream and downstream reciprocity, with the latter potentially being of greater significance for sharing behavior
A Bibliometric Analysis of Neuroinflammation in Depression from 2004 to 2023: Global Research Hotspots and Prospects
No full textBackground: Neuroinflammation lays a prominent impact in the pathophysiology of depression, and numerous studies have been conducted in recent decades. Bibliometric analysis is of important for understanding the hot spots and research trends in a certain subject field. However, no systematic bibliometric study exists in this field to date. The purpose of the study focused on the trends and hotspots in neuroinflammation of depression and provided future researchers with guidance and sights. Methods: Publications (2004-2023) were obtained from the WoSCC, and analyzed by HistCite, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Bibliometrix. The impact of publications was assessed by TGCS. Results: We analyzed 1,496 articles published in 409 journals and authored by 46,533 researchers across 72 countries and regions. The most prolific countries were China, the USA, and Brazil, and the most cited countries were the USA, followed with China and the UK, while the most prolific and cited institution was University Toronto (records=34, TGCS=2,137). Brain Behavior and Immunity is the leading journal that regularly published research in this field (records=93, TGCS=6,247). NLRP3 inflammasome, microglia, TNF-alpha, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were the basis of neuroinflammation in depression. C-reactive protein, an important marker of inflammation, has been discussed for the longest time in this disease. In recent five years, two most frontier potential areas in studying depression were gut microbiota dysbiosis and BDNF. Conclusions: There remains a strong research basis for neuroinflammation in depression from this were research hotspots in recent years. In the future, chronic stress, hippocampal structure, and gut microbiota will continue to be studied in the field of neuroinflammation in depression. This study may benefit scientists in identifying potential directions for future study and providing clinicians with new ideas for treatment.</p
Developmental changes in brain activation and functional connectivity during Chinese handwriting
No full textHandwriting is a fundamental linguistic and motor skill that significantly contributes to cognitive development, effective communication, and academic success. However, how brain systems develop to support handwriting remains unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this study examined the differences in regional activation and functional network connectivity during Chinese handwriting between 52 children (9-13 years old) and 40 young adults. We found that, compared to adults, children exhibited lower activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, left precentral gyrus, and right posterior occipital cortex, possibly reflecting variations in functional specialization of handwriting-related circuits. In contrast, network analysis showed that children had greater global and local efficiency of the whole-brain networks than adults, particularly in the default mode network and visual network, possibly reflecting a large-scale reconfiguration of brain networks during handwriting automatization. These observed differences suggest that the brain systems supporting handwriting are still being established from middle childhood to young adulthood, underpinned by focal functional specialization and reconfiguration of functional networks. These findings provide new insights into the neurodevelopment of skills that integrate linguistic and motor processes, and expand our understanding of brain functional plasticity.</p
Higher sense of power, less dangerous driving behaviors: perceived control as mediator and subjective social status as moderator
No full textTo promote road safety, it is essential to determine the various self-perception factors influencing dangerous driving behaviors and explore the inner mechanisms. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sense of power, perceived control, and subjective social status on dangerous driving behaviors in a sample of drivers located in China. A total of 426 drivers completed the questionnaires on sense of power, perceived control, and subjective social status and the driver behavior questionnaire (DBQ). The results of path analysis showed that (1) sense of power positively predicted perceived control and negatively predicted dangerous driving behaviors; (2) perceived control negatively predicted errors and lapses of DBQ and mediated the relationship between them and sense of power; and (3) subjective social status moderated the effect of sense of power on perceived control. The present study expands the scope of the influencing factors of dangerous driving behaviors while providing practical guidance in the domain of safe driving
Electrophysiological Signatures of Visual Sensations Elicited by Direct Electrical Stimulation
No full textDirect electrical stimulation of the human cortex can produce subjective visual sensations, yet these sensations are unstable. The underlying mechanisms may stem from differences in electrophysiological activity within the distributed network outside the stimulated site. To address this problem, we recruited 69 patients who experienced visual sensations during invasive electrical stimulation while intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) data were recorded. We found significantly flattened power spectral slopes in distributed regions involving different brain networks and decreased integrated information during elicited visual sensations compared with the non-sensation condition. Further analysis based on minimum information partitions revealed that the reconfigured network interactions primarily involved the inferior frontal cortex, posterior superior temporal sulcus, and temporoparietal junction. The flattened power spectral slope in the inferior frontal gyrus was also correlated with integrated information. Taken together, this study indicates that the altered electrophysiological signatures provide insights into the neural mechanisms underlying subjective visual sensations.</p
Co-activation of phonological and orthographic codes in various modalities of language processing: A systematic and meta-analytic review
No full textA vast amount of research has been dedicated to clarifying whether spoken word processing (listening) or production (speaking) is constrained by orthographic codes, and whether written word processing (reading) or production (writing) is constrained by phonological codes. Little work has explored what factors might modulate such cross-modality effects. In this paper, we first provided a comprehensive review of existing evidence, then conducted four meta-analyses to determine the size of cross-modality effects, and we explored potential factors that might modulate these effects. We identified robust orthographic effects on spoken word recognition (k = 93, corrected d = 0.61) and production (k = 34, corrected d = 0.44), and robust phonological effects on written word recognition (k = 178, corrected d = 0.49) and production (k = 28, corrected d = 0.35). Moderator analyses indicated that cross-modality effects may be modulated by the tasks used and by language nativeness of participants. These results shed light on our understanding of language processing.</p
Connectome-based predictive modeling of handwriting and reading using task-evoked and resting-state functional connectivity
No full textPrevious studies have shown that functional connectivity-based models can characterize individual differences in human behavior. However, the applicability of such models to skilled motor behavior remains largely unexplored. In this study, we employed a connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) approach to predict individual differences in handwriting skills using handwriting task-related and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Our results demonstrated that general functional connectivity (GFC) metrics, which capture shared features across task-evoked and resting-state functional connectivity, reliably reflect individual differences in handwriting speed. This predictive model involved multiple functional networks associated with motor, visual, and executive control processes. Furthermore, we found that the GFC-based model derived from handwriting task and resting-state data also predicted individual differences in reading ability, revealing both shared and distinct neural substrates underlying handwriting and reading skills. These findings highlight the potential of neuroimaging in the diagnosis of handwriting-and reading-related disorders.</p
Neural correlates of death anxiety
No full textDeath anxiety influences multiple facets of human lives and has been quantified using questionnaires. Whether and how self-reports of death anxiety are associated with brain activities remain unclear. We investigated neural correlates of death anxiety by recording brain responses to perceived skulls and examined whether a specific neural response to skulls may predict individual differences in subjective feelings of death anxiety. In three experiments we recorded self-reports of death anxiety and electroencephalography (EEG) signals and magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals in response to line drawings of skulls with face-like configural structures from young healthy adults. EEG results in Experiments 1-2 repeatedly showed that upright compared to inverted skulls evoked an early occipitoparietal negative activity at 120-140 ms after stimulus onset and increased the occipitotemporal N170 amplitude. Importantly, the amplitude of the early occipitoparietal negativity predicted self-reports of death anxiety across individuals. MEG results in Experiment 3 further localized the neural responses to skulls at 120-140 ms in the fusiform and temporal cortices, which also predicted individual differences in self-reports of death anxiety. Our findings of a neural correlate of death anxiety have implications for future research on relationships between death anxiety and mental health
Predicting antidepressant response via local-global graph neural network and neuroimaging biomarkers
No full textDepressed mood and anhedonia, the core symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD), are linked to dysfunction in the brain's reward and emotion regulation circuits. To develop a predictive model for treatment remission in MDD based on pre-treatment neurocircuitry and clinical features. A total of 279 untreated MDD patients were analyzed, treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for 8-12 weeks, and assigned to training, internal validation, and external validation datasets. A hierarchical local-global imaging and clinical feature fusion graph neural network model was constructed. The model achieved 76.21% accuracy (AUC = 0.78) in predicting remission. Validation on the internal and external independent datasets yielded similar performance (accuracy = 72.73%, AUC = 0.74; accuracy = 71.43%, AUC = 0.72). Key contributing brain regions included the right globus pallidus, bilateral putamen, left hippocampus, bilateral thalamus, and bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus. These findings highlight the role of specific circuits in guiding antidepressant treatment.</p
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