Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Intrinsic neural timescales shape memory encoding and retrieval
No full textHistorically, different memory processes like encoding and retrieval have been distinguished. However, recent models emphasize their continuum across the shorter and longer timescales of encoding and retrieval while, at the same time, both are featured by distinct cognitive demands. The exact neural mechanisms connecting and, at the same time, differentiating encoding and retrieval across their multiple timescales remain yet unclear, though. Using EEG, we here measure the brain's Intrinsic neural timescales (INT) by the autocorrelation window (ACW) during encoding and retrieval of memory. Our main findings are: (i) direct behavioral connection of encoding (spatial fit judgment of the pictures) with those of retrieval (precision, false alarms, accuracy); (ii) a clear state-dependent neural differentiation, with longer ACW during encoding (temporal integration) and shorter ACW during retrieval (temporal segregation), a distinction not observed for another dynamic measure, the power-law exponent (PLE); (iii) high trait-like stability of ACW, with an individual's ACW remaining strongly correlated across rest, encoding, and retrieval states; and (iv) this stable, trait-like ACW (but not its state-dependent modulation) robustly predicts memory performance, with longer trait ACW correlating with higher accuracy and precision and fewer false alarms. Together, we demonstrate that the brain's INT both connect and differentiate encoding and retrieval on both neural and behavioral grounds. This supports and extends current dynamic, e.g., temporal, models of memory by showing the key relevance of the brain's INT (as measured by the ACW) in shaping encoding and retrieval
The role of oxytocin and cultural tightness in model-based learning of social Incongruency
No full textSocial norms are defined as implicit or explicit rules that maintain organizational and social harmony, yet norm violations are omnipresent. While encountering norm-based incongruency is an inherent part of life, how humans dynamically adapt to and resolve conflicts raised from such norm-based incongruency remains unclear-particularly with regard to the cognitive mechanisms involved and their neurobiological and sociocultural modulators. To address this within a specific daily setting, we conducted two pre-registered studies with 137 participants, integrating a social congruency task, Bayesian modeling, intranasal oxytocin (placebo control) administration, and cultural values. Behavioral results of Study 1 (n = 50) revealed that congruency effects were shown but most of congruency sequence effects were absent in the social congruency task, indicating a limited adaptation (trial-based learning) in the social domain. In Study 2 (n = 87), congruency and congruency sequence effects were replicated in the placebo condition. Additionally, oxytocin administration facilitated adaptive learning of social incongruency in both trial-based processing of successive weakly incongruent stimuli and model-based learning trend over time, which supports the social salience theory. Notably, oxytocin's modulation on the learning process was more pronounced in individuals perceiving more cultural tightness in daily life. These findings advance our understanding of social conflict resolution by identifying the computational mechanisms underlying dynamic adaptation to social incongruency-mechanisms that are distinct from those engaged in non-social domains. Moreover, the findings further elucidate how this adaptive process is modulated by oxytocin and individual perceptions of cultural tightness. In conclusion, the results highlight a culturally sensitive neuromolecular basis for managing social conflicts, offering important implications for promoting positive social interactions and harmony across diverse contexts
Identification of risk features for methamphetamine dependence using a machine learning model and comprehensive multimodal measures
No full textSpiking neural network analysis of MT-MST pathways in biological motion processing
No full textUnderstanding the neural mechanisms underlying biological motion perception remains a significant challenge in neuroscience. To further explore this mechanism, we construct the BioMotionNet model using real bio-neural data from the MT to MST regions in macaques. To characterize neuron activity within particular time windows, we propose the window learning strategy, which employs windowed learning to extract crucial information related to specific events or stimuli. By analyzing the connectivity structure of the BioMotionNet model, we identify regular projection patterns from MT to MST, reflected in the varying response characteristics of MT neurons based on their projection strength to different MST neuron populations. Our data/codes are available at https://github.com/BrainCogLab/MT_MST
Enactment and bizarreness modulate familiarity and recollection in associative recognition: Evidence from FN400 and LPC
No full textIndividuals usually have superior memory for bizarre stimuli compared to common ones. However, the extent to which bizarreness influences memory for actions remains unclear. Recent evidence has shown that performed actions represented by an action phrase (verb-object pair) in subject-performed task (SPT) result in better associative memory than simply reading it in verbal task (VT). Here, we directly investigated the effect of bizarreness on associative memory for action components following SPT relative to VT and its underlying memory processes using EEGs. During studying, the participants studied ordinary and bizarre verb-object phrases (pairs) in an SPT or VT condition. During testing, they discriminated between intact, recombined, and new pairs. Behaviorally, associative recognition of verb-object phrases was better following SPT than VT for ordinary and bizarre phrases. Bizarreness improved associative recognition under VT (but not SPT). In the event related potentials (ERP), an early frontal old-new effect (FN400) for intact vs. new pairs was observed under SPT for ordinary and bizarre phrases, whereas for VT, this effect was only observed for bizarre phrase. The FN400 for intact vs. recombined pairs was only present under SPT for ordinary phrases. In the late time window, a parietal old-new effect (LPC) for intact vs. new pairs was obtained under all conditions. The LPC for intact vs. recombined pairs only occurred under VT for bizarre phrases. These results demonstrate that enactment and bizarreness enhance associative recognition through distinct mechanisms by differentially modulating the contributions of familiarity and recollection during retrieval of action-object associations
Unforgettable food memories in overweight/obese individuals-Evidence from Think/No-Think experiment
No full textAppetite regulation is critically influenced by food-related memories, and the ability to inhibit retrieval of such mnemonic content may serve to attenuate cravings. While inhibitory control is often conceptualized in terms of motor response suppression, the specific mechanisms underlying the suppression of food-related memories remain poorly characterized in overweight and obese (OO) individuals. This study investigated the behavioral and neurophysiological correlates of direct memory suppression in this population. Forty-five young adults performed a Think/No-Think (TNT) task using highand low-calorie food images during electroencephalographic (EEG) recording. We analyzed event-related potentials (ERPs) and time-frequency representations (TFRs). Behaviorally, the OO group demonstrated enhanced memory accuracy for food cues compared to normal-weight (NW) controls, specifically during Think trials. Neurophysiological data revealed a significant modulation of the N200 component by calorie content (p = 0.008). the late positive potential (LPP) was sensitive to both instruction (Think/No-Think; p = 0.04) and group membership (p= 0.029). Timefrequency analysis demonstrated that beta-band oscillatory power differentiated between Think and No-Think conditions (p = 0.001) and revealed a significant group-bycalorie interaction (p = 0.007). Collectively, these findings indicate that OO individuals exhibit altered neural dynamics and heightened engagement of neurocognitive resources during the suppression of food-related memories. This work elucidates a potential mnemonic mechanism contributing to maladaptive eating behaviors and posits that interventions targeting memory inhibition could offer a novel pathway for mitigating obesity-related cognitive dysregulation
Automatic pupillary responses to pain perception in adults and children: The influence of race and autistic traits
No full textThe ability to understand and share others' emotional states (e.g., feeling of pain) plays a fundamental role in survival and prosocial behavior. The current study utilized pupillometry to assess automatic psychophysiological responses to others' painful facial expressions in both adults and children (N = 72). Results revealed that pupil size significantly increased when perceiving painful versus neutral expressions, independent of low-level visual features. Notably, both adults and children exhibited a racial in-group bias, with pupil dilation effects observed only for same-race painful faces. Furthermore, individuals' Autism Spectrum Quotient scores were negatively correlated with pupil dilation effects toward painful expressions of same-race faces. These findings suggest that pupillary responses might reflect automatic empathic arousal to others' pain and are modulated by racial group membership and autistic traits, providing a potential physiological indicator, at least at the group level, for probing affective resonance in children or individuals with socio-cognitive disorders (e.g., autism spectrum disorder).</p
Satiety modulates reward processing in food addiction: Evidence from event-related potentials
No full textThis study investigates the neural correlates of reward processing deficits in food addiction (FA), focusing on the anticipation and feedback phases under different metabolic states. Fifty-four participants (individuals with FA and healthy controls, HC) completed a food and monetary reward task during hungry and satiated states, with electroencephalography (EEG) recording. We specifically measured two event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with anticipation and feedback of reward: Stimulus-Preceding Negativity (SPN) and Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN). In addition, Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) scores assessed addiction severity. Repeated-measures ANOVA and correlation analyses examined group differences and neural-behavioral associations. Behavioral data showed heightened food reward anticipation in individuals with FA during satiety. Participants with FA exhibited larger SPN for food rewards in the satiated state compared to HC, indicating persistent reward anticipation, while FRN was attenuated across both metabolic states in the FA group, reflecting persistent feedback deficits. Monetary rewards showed no group differences between HC and FA. The FRN amplitude correlated with YFAS scores, linking feedback impairment to addiction severity. These results highlight that FA is characterized by food-specific reward processing deficits, particularly exacerbated in satiety. Impaired FRN emerged as a key ERP marker of these deficits and correlated with addiction severity. These findings underscore the critical role of dysregulated reward feedback processing in FA, offering FRN as a potential target for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions
Neural correlates of self-advantage effect in mental time travel in individuals with high levels of schizotypal traits: A resting-state functional connectivity study
No full textAim: Mental time travel (MTT) is a cognitive capacity to mentally re-experience past events and anticipate future possibilities. Self-related MTT events have stronger vividness and sense of experience than events related to others, i.e., the "self-advantage effect". This effect is diminished in individuals with high schizotypal traits (HST) who are at risk for schizophrenia. However, the neural correlates of this effect remain unclear. The present study aimed to examine this issue through resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Methods: Thirty-nine individuals with HST and 38 individuals with low schizotypal traits (LST) were recruited. They completed the self/other-related MTT task and underwent rs-fMRI scanning. Results: In HST, the "self-advantage effect" on specificity was positively correlated with functional connectivity (FC) between the right precuneus and bilateral frontal pole, left temporal pole, and the posterior cingulate cortex, whereas this association was negative in individuals with LST. Additionally, the "self-advantage effect" on emotional intensity was negatively associated with FC between the left precuneus and middle cingulate cortex in HST, but positively associated in LST. Conclusions: People with HST have altered association patterns between the "self-advantage effect" in MTT and resting-state FC. The "self-advantage effect" in MTT may be a potential target for intervention in the schizophrenia spectrum.</p
Large-scale brain network alterations in young individuals with comorbid social anxiety and depression: Evidence from resting-state EEG spectral and microstate analyses
No full textSocial anxiety and depression have each been linked to alterations in large-scale brain network connectivity, yet the neural mechanisms underlying their comorbidity remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we analyzed resting-state EEG data from 420 young adults classified as healthy controls (HC), individuals with social anxiety without depression (SA-noDp), and those with comorbid social anxiety and depression (SA-Dp). Social anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), respectively. We applied both spectral and microstate analyses to characterize large-scale brain network dynamics during eyes-open resting-state. Spectral analysis revealed reduced delta amplitude in the SA-Dp group relative to HC (p < .05), suggesting that decreased delta may be a neural marker of SA-Dp and diminished approach motivation. Microstate analysis showed reduced microstate F in SA-noDp relative to HC, while SA-Dp exhibited higher occurrence than SA-noDp despite lower delta activity, indicating a shift from anxiety-related vigilance to depression-related maladaptive self-focus linked to DMN activity. Additionally, SA-noDp displayed reduced transitions between microstates C to F or G relative to HC (all ps < 0.05). These findings reveal differential disruptions in resting-state brain dynamics in social anxiety with and without comorbid depression, highlighting diminished approach and elevated avoidance motivation in comorbid individuals versus predominantly elevated avoidance in non-comorbid social anxiety. Together, spectral and microstate measures may serve as neurobiological markers for comorbid social anxiety and depression, supporting early identification and tailored interventions, and emphasizing the importance of approach-avoidance motivational balance in these populations
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