Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Thermal stimulus task fMRI in the cervical spinal cord at 7 Tesla
No full textAlthough functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely applied in the brain, fMRI of the spinal cord is more technically demanding. Proximity to the vertebral column and lungs results in strong spatial inhomogeneity and temporal fluctuations in B-0. Increasing field strength enables higher spatial resolution and improved sensitivity to blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal, but amplifies the effects of B-0 inhomogeneity. In this work, we present the first task fMRI in the spinal cord at 7 T. Further, we compare the performance of single-shot and multi-shot 2D echo-planar imaging (EPI) protocols, which differ in sensitivity to spatial and temporal B-0 inhomogeneity. The cervical spinal cords of 11 healthy volunteers were scanned at 7 T using single-shot 2D EPI at 0.75 mm in-plane resolution and multi-shot 2D EPI at 0.75 and 0.6 mm in-plane resolutions. All protocols used 3 mm slice thickness. For each protocol, the BOLD response to 13 10-s noxious thermal stimuli applied to the right thumb was acquired in a 10-min fMRI run. Image quality, temporal signal to noise ratio (SNR), and BOLD activation (percent signal change and z-stat) at both individual- and group-level were evaluated between the protocols. Temporal SNR was highest in single-shot and multi-shot 0.75 mm protocols. In group-level analyses, activation clusters appeared in all protocols in the ipsilateral dorsal quadrant at the expected C6 neurological level. In individual-level analyses, activation clusters at the expected level were detected in some, but not all subjects and protocols. Single-shot 0.75 mm generally produced the highest mean z-statistic, while multi-shot 0.60 mm produced the best-localized activation clusters and the least geometric distortion. Larger than expected within-subject segmental variation of BOLD activation along the cord was observed. Group-level sensory task fMRI of the cervical spinal cord is feasible at 7 T with single-shot or multi-shot EPI. The best choice of protocol will likely depend on the relative importance of sensitivity to activation versus spatial localization of activation for a given experiment.</p
Personality and smartphone dependence in junior school students:A moderation⁃mediation model
No full text目的 探讨初中生人格与手机依赖之间的关系及作用机制。方法 采用小五人格学生问卷、问题性手游量表、学校联结量表和手机依赖量表简版对1075名初中生进行测量。结果 人格与学校联结和手机依赖显著相关；问题性手机游戏使用在尽责性、神经质和开放性与手机依赖之间起部分中介作用，在宜人性与手机依赖之间起完全中介作用；高学校联结削弱了问题性手机游戏使用对手机依赖的预测作用。结论 初中生人格与手机依赖关系密切，受到问题性手机游戏使用的中介效应和学校联结的调节作用。</p
Understanding the Rise of Unique Names: The Emphasis on Uniqueness Matters
Get PDF近几十年来,全球多个国家均出现名字独特性上升的现象,但具体的变化原因尚不清楚。本研究提出,宏观水平的独特性文化价值观上升和微观水平的独特性心理需要上升可以解释独特起名行为的增加,并以中国为例进行实证检验。研究1发现,强调独特性的文化价值观(而非强调独立或竞争的价值观)的上升可以解释名字独特性的上升,在时间序列上是其变化的格兰杰原因。研究2发现,独特性需要(而非自恋或自尊)的增长可以解释年轻(相比于年长)个体在起名任务中对独特名字的偏好。研究3发现,在真实起名过程中,年轻(相比于年长)父母更多强调孩子名字的独特性(而非现代性、积极性或其他特征)。综上,日益增长的独特性追求(而非个人主义的其他维度或相关特征)是独特名字逐渐兴起的特定原因,这启示未来研究应关注并检验心理与行为变迁的具体机制。</p
A Study on Exploring Factors Related to Peer Victimization from a Home一school Cooperation Perspective:A Moderated Mediation Model
No full text为探索家校共育理念指导下家庭与学校对青少年同伴侵害的交互影响，构建一个有调节的中介模型，探讨亲子关系、师生关系、抑郁情绪对同伴侵害的影响。采用父母依恋问卷、师生关系量表简版、多维同伴侵害量表、流调中心抑郁量表简版对1710名5～8年级学生进行调查。结果显示：（1）亲子关系一方面直接影响同伴侵害，另一方面通过抑郁情绪间接影响同伴侵害；（2）师生关系对中介模型的三条路径均有调节作用，且扮演着不同角色。具体来说，师生关系能强化亲子关系对同伴侵害的保护作用，分担亲子关系对抑郁情绪的影响，缓冲抑郁情绪对同伴侵害的不良影响。研究证实了从家校共育的视角防治校园欺凌的可行性，建议校园欺凌专项治理活动要充分考虑到家庭与学校的交互作用，以最大程度上发挥两者的双保险作用。</p
Computational Modeling Interpretation Underlying Elevated Risk-Taking Propensity in the Dynamic Risky Investment Process of Non-Labor Income
No full textIntroduction: Money source influences risk-taking behaviors. Although studies consistently indicated that individuals demonstrate a higher propensity to make risky investments when utilizing non-labor income as opposed to labor income, explanations as to why non-labor income leads to continuously blowing money into risky investments are scarce. Methods: The current study leverages a computational modeling approach to compare the differences in the dynamic risk investment process among individuals endowed with income from different sources (ie, non-labor income vs labor income) to understand the shaping force of higher risk-taking propensity in individuals with non-labor income. A total of 103 participants were recruited and completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) with an equal monetary endowment, either as a token for completion of survey questionnaires (representing labor income) or as a prize from a lucky draw game (representing non-labor income). Results: We found that individuals endowed with non-labor income made more risky investments in BART compared to those with labor income. With computational modeling, we further identified two key differences in the dynamic risk investment processes between individuals endowed with labor and those with non-labor income. Specifically, individuals endowed with non-labor income had a higher preset expectation for risk-taking and displayed desensitization towards losses during risk investments, in contrast to individuals with labor income. Discussion: This study contributed to a better understanding of the psychological mechanisms of why individuals make more risktaking behaviors with non-labor income, namely higher preset expectations of risk-taking and desensitization towards losses. Future research could validate these findings across diverse samples with varying backgrounds and adopt different manipulations of labor and non-labor income to enhance the external validity of our study.</p
How to Present Paired Information on the HUD Interface: The Effects of Horizontal and Vertical Angles on Object Discrimination
No full textMany studies have explored the influence of the position of a single piece of information in a head-up display (HUD) system on driving performance. However, few studies have evaluated the range of multiple visual angles. This study aimed to examine the positions and visual aspects of driving information presentation that enhance drivers’ driving performance. Considering the horizontal and vertical directions, we designed two experiments to identify an appropriate area to present driving information. Experiment A was designed as a 4 (horizontal angles: 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°) × 3 (vertical positions: −5°, 10°, 20°) within-subject experiment to evaluate the effects of the horizontal angle and vertical position of information on the reaction time and difficulty rating. The results showed that when the vertical position was −5° or 10° and the horizontal angle was 10°, the driver’s reaction time was faster and the driver felt easier. Experiment B was designed as a 3 (vertical angles: 5°, 15°, 25°) × 3 (horizontal positions: −15°, 10°, 25°) within-subject experiment to explore the effect of the vertical angle and horizontal position of the information on the reaction time and difficulty rating. The results showed that when the horizontal position was 10° and the vertical angle was 5°, the driver’s reaction time was faster and felt that the task was easier. The two experimental results showed that participants responded faster and rated the task as easier when information was placed near the center visual field. The results may be useful for designers to present multiple pieces of driving information on HUDs and provide theoretical guidance for HUD interface design.</p
A Topic-Guided Self-Attention Network for Daily Mental Wellbeing Prediction Using Mobile Devices
No full textPrediction of daily mental wellbeing holds profound implications for individual healthcare and societal stability. Previous studies have shown the potential of using individual's multimodal behavioral data collected through mobile devices to predict his/her daily mental wellbeing metrics, such as stress, mood, and anxiety. However, effectively capturing long-range dependencies in behavioral time series data while accurately representing the statistical distribution patterns of various behaviors over a certain period is a significant challenge. In this paper, we propose a daily mental wellbeing prediction model based on a Topic-Guided Self-Attention Network (TGSAN). This model utilizes self-attention mechanism to capture long-range dependencies from the behavioral data collected by mobile devices. We utilize a multi-granularity time encoding method to inject time information of different granularities (i.e., day and hour, or week and day) into the behavioral data, thereby enhancing the sensibility of the self-attention network to capture every individual's habitual cyclicality rhythm. Then, we introduce a neural topic model to analyze the statistical distribution characteristics of various behaviors in the monitoring period as behavioral distribution patterns for different individuals, and further propose a topic attention network to enhance the model's classification performance by guiding the weights of long-range dependencies features from the self-attention network with the derived topic information. Compared to state-of-the-art methods, the proposed TGSAN achieved superior performance on datasets that measure different mental health indicators (stress, mood, and anxiety), with F1 scores outperforming by 4.5% and 2.3% on the Crosscheck and StudentLife datasets, respectively, and accuracy outperforming by 3.3% on the GLOBEM dataset. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness and interpretability of combining self-attention mechanisms with neural topic model, for a better understanding of the relationship between different individuals' behaviors and their mental wellbeing.</p
Detecting biological motion signals in human and monkey superior colliculus: a subcortical-cortical pathway for biological motion perception
Get PDFMost vertebrates, including humans, are highly adept at detecting and encoding biological motion, even when it is portrayed by just a few point lights attached to the head and major joints. However, the function of subcortical regions in biological motion perception has been scarcely explored. Here, we investigate the role of the superior colliculus in local biological motion processing. Using high-field (3 T) and ultra-high-field (7 T) functional magnetic resonance imaging, we record the neural responses of the superior colliculus to scrambled point-light walkers (with local kinematics retained) in both humans and male macaque monkeys. Results show that the superior colliculus, especially the superficial layers, selectively responds to local biological motion. Furthermore, dynamic causal modeling analysis reveals a subcortical-cortical functional pathway that transmits local biological motion signals from the superior colliculus via the middle temporal visual complex to the posterior superior temporal sulcus in the human brain. These findings suggest the existence of a cross-species mechanism in the superior colliculus that facilitates the detection of local biological motion at the early stage of the visual processing stream.
Using high field functional magnetic resonance imaging, the authors record the neural responses of the superior colliculus in both humans and macaque monkeys, and demonstrate that superior colliculus responds to local biological motion cues.</p
Progress in application of animal-assisted therapy in children’s education and psychotherapy
Get PDF动物辅助疗法是一种新兴的治疗方式，其使用动物来提升个体的身心健康、社会交往和认知能力，是一种有效且有价值的干预手段。在教育领域，动物的参与能够营造一个更具吸引力和宁静包容的学习环境，从而增强儿童的学习动力和参与度。在治疗环境中，动物的加入能够激励儿童更积极地参与治疗。本文综述了动物辅助疗法的起源、治疗机制及其在儿童教育、辅助改善残障儿童身体机能、儿童心理治疗中的应用情况，并对其未来在医疗教育领域的应用进行了思考和展望。</p
氧化应激在认知障碍中的作用及其中医药干预
No full text<正>认知障碍是神经系统疾病中的常见症状，可以源于多种原发疾病，氧化应激在其发生病因病机中越来越被重视。氧化应激是1990年美国RS.Sohal提出的一种病生理概念，是指机体内部氧化与抗氧化作用之间失去平衡，产生大量活性氧自由基，进而导致脂质、蛋白质和DNA发生的损伤，可能是引发多疾病的重要因素。</p
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