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Identification of the profiles on impulsivity of the incarcerated criminals with drug use and its effect on recidivism prediction
No full text目的 探讨涉毒犯罪人员的冲动性特点、变化特征，以及冲动性对再犯的预测作用。方法 采用横向和纵向研究设计，问卷与行为任务相结合的研究方法，使用UPPS-P、BIS-11量表测量犯罪人员的特质冲动，使用Go/No-Go、信息取样任务测量犯罪人员的状态冲动。施测人员共798名。结果 (1)对吸毒史、贩毒无吸毒史、诈骗无吸毒史犯罪人员进行比较发现，三组的特质冲动和状态冲动多数维度存在显著性差异(P<0.05),且涉毒犯罪人员冲动性显著高于非涉毒犯罪人员；(2)文化程度、性别和婚姻情况等因素与冲动性相关(P<0.05);(3)特质冲动和状态冲动基本保持稳定(P>0.05);(4)积极紧迫性对再犯预测有显著作用(P<0.05)。结论 涉毒犯罪人员的冲动性显著高于非涉毒犯罪人员，文化程度越高，冲动性越低。犯罪人员的特质冲动和状态冲动基本保持稳定。积极紧迫性对再犯具有显著的预测作用。</p
Impact of Employees' Rumination on Work Engagement: Mediating and Moderating Roles of Emotional Intelligence
No full textObjectives: Work engagement is critical in organizational development as it improves and enhances performance and innovative behavior. Work engagement could be influenced by individual traits, work environment, and other factors. Hence, a need was felt to investigate whether and how rumination, as a personality trait, influences work engagement. Methods: This study expanded on previous research on rumination and work engagement by introducing emotional intelligence to build mediating and moderating models. The study focused on rumination affecting work engagement and explored emotional intelligence for its role in mediating and moderating the relationship between rumination and work engagement. A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 930 employees of Chinese central enterprises were identified to investigate the relationship between rumination, emotional intelligence, and work engagement. The findings were calculated on Ruminative response scale, Work-engagement scale, and Emotional intelligence scale, Results: Results showed that rumination had a significant negative predictive effect on work engagement (beta = -0.35, P < 0.001). Moreover, emotional intelligence mediated (B = -0.39, P < 0.001) and moderated (B = -0.16, P = 0.024) the effect of rumination on work engagement. Conclusion: This study enriches the understanding of work engagement by quantitatively demonstrating the influence of emotional intelligence on the relationship between rumination and work engagement. This study has implications for enterprises to improve the level of mental health and work engagement among their employees.</p
Mediating effect of psychological resilience of civil aviation practitioners in economic stress,perceived stress and ego depletion
No full text目的 了解民航从业者压力感知、经济压力与自我损耗关系，分析心理韧性在两者间中介作用。方法 2022年10—11月选取航空公司、机场、空管等单位167名民航从业者为研究对象，包括空勤人员和地面人员，以及行政、管理、地面服务等其他人员。使用自编一般资料调查问卷、中文版压力感知量表、经济压力量表、自我调节疲劳量表和心理韧性量表进行问卷调查，并对数据进行分析。结果 167名民航从业者压力感知得分为（25.59±7.48）分，经济压力得分为（10.25±4.06）分，自我损耗得分为（43.88±9.43）分，心理韧性得分为（56.50±13.93）分。压力感知与经济压力、自我损耗间均呈正相关（r=0.486、0.760，均P<0.01）；压力感知、经济压力与心理韧性间呈均负相关（r=-0.623、-0.395，均P<0.01）；经济压力与自我损耗间呈正相关（r=0.421,P<0.01）；自我损耗与心理韧性间呈负相关（r=-0.597,P<0.01）。心理韧性在压力感知与自我损耗之间的中介效应占比为16.57%。结论 民航从业者压力感知、自我损耗均为较高水平，心理韧性在二者间起部分中介作用。增强心理韧性可以缓解压力感知对自我损耗的影响。在控制了压力感知的影响下，心理韧性没有中介经济压力对自我损耗的影响。</p
Influence of Co-Parenting on Parental Burnout: A Moderated Mediation Model
No full textAdolescence has always been regarded as a period of rapid psychological and behavioral change. Adolescents are subject to more difficult behaviors, and those difficult behaviors have a great impact on co-parenting and parenting burnout. In order to reveal the relationship between these factors, this study investigated the mediating effect of difficult adolescent behaviors on that relationship by constructing a theoretical model and examined the moderating effect of family functioning. In order to provide a scientific basis for preventing and intervening in adolescents' problematic behaviors and improving parents' parenting burnout, we conducted a study on the parents of 1638 teenagers in a junior high school in Huanggang City, China in May 2023, with a questionnaire filled out by the parents. The research tools included a parenting burnout questionnaire, Parental collaborative parenting Scale (PPCR), Adolescent Strengths and Difficult Behaviors Questionnaire (Parental Version), Family Function Scale, etc. An independent sample t test and ANOVA test were used to analyze whether there are certain demographic variables in parenting burnout, and SPSS27.0 was used for descriptive statistics, reliability and validity tests, correlation analysis and common method deviation tests. The adjusted mediation model was tested by using the SPSS macro program Process4.0. Results: The variance in the explanatory capacity of the largest factor in this study was 21.955%, which did not exceed the critical value of 40%, so there was no obvious common method deviation in the data of this study. The independent sample t test and ANOVA test showed that there are certain differences in parental rearing burnout dependent on parental gender, the main caregivers, family economic income and demographic variables. The results of the adjusted mediation model test by Process4.0 show the following: (1) Adolescent difficult behavior plays an intermediary role between parental collaborative parenting and parenting burnout; (2) the indirect effect of collaborative parenting on parenting burnout through adolescents' problematic behaviors is regulated by family functions; (3) the relationship between adolescent difficult behavior and parenting burnout is regulated by family function; (4) the direct influence of collaborative parenting on parenting burnout is also regulated by family function. Conclusion: Adolescents' difficult behavior partially mediates the influence of parents' collaborative parenting on parenting burnout. In addition, family function not only mediates the front and back ends of mediation, but also mediates the direct influence of collaborative parenting on parenting burnout. These findings are instructive for improving family parenting problems and promoting adolescent development. The results of this study may be helpful in enhancing parents' awareness of parenting of adolescents in China, which will provide reference for some teachers in China to understand adolescent behavior. At the same time, the results may provide new enlightenment for mental health professionals and enable them to fully understand the parenting contradictions between parents and adolescents in China.</p
Lateralized Functional Connectivity of the Sensorimotor Cortex and its Variations During Complex Visuomotor Tasks
No full textPrevious studies have shown that the left hemisphere dominates motor function, often observed through homotopic activation measurements. Using a functional connectivity approach, this study investigated the lateralization of the sensorimotor cortex during handwriting and drawing, two complex visuomotor tasks with varying contextual demands. We found that both left- and right-lateralized connectivity in the primary motor cortex (M1), dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), somatosensory cortex, and visual regions were evident in adults (males and females), primarily in an interhemispheric integrative fashion. Critically, these lateralization tendencies remained highly invariant across task contexts, representing a task-invariant neural architecture for encoding fundamental motor programs consistently implemented in different task contexts. Additionally, the PMd exhibited a slight variation in lateralization degree between task contexts, reflecting the ability of the high-order motor system to adapt to varying task demands. However, connectivity-based lateralization of the sensorimotor cortex was not detected in 10-year-old children (males and females), suggesting that the maturation of connectivity-based lateralization requires prolonged development. In summary, this study demonstrates both task-invariant and task-sensitive connectivity lateralization in sensorimotor cortices that support the resilience and adaptability of skilled visuomotor performance. These findings align with the hierarchical organization of the motor system and underscore the significance of the functional connectivity-based approach in studying functional lateralization.</p
The correlation between amplitude of low frequency fluctuation of spontaneous brain activity in rest-ink-state and cognitive fusion in patients with major depressive disorder
Get PDF目的基于接纳承诺疗法(acceptance and commitment therapy，ACT)的病理模型，探讨抑郁症(major depressive disorder，MDD)认知融合表现与静息态自发大脑活动低频幅度(amplitude of low frequency fluctuation，ALFF)的相关性。
方法纳入2022年8月至2023年5月在杭州市第七人民医院就诊的MDD患者( n＝19)和性别、年龄、教育程度相匹配的健康对照(HC组)( n＝19)。使用17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(17-item Hamilton depression rating scale，HAMD-17)和认知融合问卷(cognitive fusion questionnaire，CFQ)对被试的抑郁症状及认知融合的情况进行评估；使用1.5 T-GE扫描仪采集被试的神经影像数据。基于MATLAB 7.11.0 (R2018b)的DPABI v7.0.软件对两组间ALFF进行双独立样本 t检验，并使用Pearson相关分析ALFF值和认知融合量表评分的相关性。
结果MDD患者的ALFF在左额下回三角部(MNI：x，y，z＝－36，24，21； t＝－2.107， P＝0.042)、右楔叶(MNI：x，y，z＝12，－87，24； t＝－8.635， P<0.001)以及左侧距状裂周围(MNI：x，y，z＝－18，－57，6； t＝－14.188， P<0.001)的ALFF值低于HC组，而在左枕上回(MNI：x，y，z＝－21，－72，33； t＝－7.253， P<0.001) ALFF值高于HC组。认知融合与左额下回三角部(属于ECN)异常活动的ALFF存在显著负相关( r＝－0.57， P<0.05)。
结论MDD认知融合表现与静息态自发大脑活动ALFF存在相关性，认知融合和抑郁症状都可能通过多种途径影响患者的认知控制缺陷。</p
Psychological capital of Chinese employees: Investigating its measurement and latent profiles
No full textIn order to validate the 12-item Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-12) and investigate the latent profiles of psychological capital (PsyCap) in Chinese employees, we conducted two studies. In Study 1, we systematically evaluated the psychometric properties of the PCQ-12 among a sample of 755 Chinese employees. The results showed that the PCQ-12 is a reliable and valid tool for measuring Chinese employees' PsyCap and that it is superior to the 24-item Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24). In Study 2, the validated PCQ-12 in Study 1 was used to measure the PsyCap of 1,349 Chinese employees from various organizations and industries, and a person-centered analytic approach was adopted to investigate the latent profiles of PsyCap. The results revealed four distinct profiles with the four components (i.e., efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience) of PsyCap at similar levels, that is, low, low/moderate, high/moderate, and high. These profiles significantly differ in work outcomes, with the employees in the High PsyCap profile exhibiting the highest levels of work engagement and job satisfaction and the lowest levels of turnover intention, while employees in the Low PsyCap profile exhibit the opposite. Our research demonstrated that the PCQ-12 is a valid and convenient instrument to measure Chinese employees' PsyCap and offers a fine-grained portrait of their PsyCap in Chinese culture. Moreover, the quantitatively distinct PsyCap profiles found in our research support the unitary structure of PsyCap with its four components converging into an underlying positive capacity and emphasize the synergistic effects of the four components on work outcomes, which informs the current debate over PsyCap and enriches the existing PsyCap literature, thus further shedding light on managerial practice.</p
Influencing factors of adaptive ability development of children aged 2一6 in China
No full text目的 了解我国2～6岁儿童适应能力发育情况及其影响因素，为开展儿童适应能力发育促进的举措提供参考。方法 数据来源于“中国0～18岁儿童营养与健康系统调查与应用”项目，以14省28个调查点的3 319名2～6岁儿童及其家长为研究对象。采用《0岁～6岁儿童行为发育评估量表》(WS/T 580-2017)对儿童适应能力发育商进行测查，同时采用调查问卷收集儿童及其家长的相关信息。结果 3 319例2～6岁儿童适应能力水平临界偏低及低下占7.68%,中等占66.25%,良好及优秀占26.06%。其中5～6岁儿童适应能力水平为良好及优秀的人数占比较3～岁组和4～岁组更低(χ~2=59.29,P<0.05)。多元逐步线性回归显示：儿童性别(β=0.06)、出生孕周(β=-0.05)、是否为独生子女(β=-0.04)、留守儿童(β=-0.04)、主要看护人(β=-0.06)、父母的文化程度(β=0.09、0.10)、家长是否主动关注儿童情感(β=-0.06)、儿童是否玩家庭自制玩具(β=-0.04)是儿童适应能力发育商的影响因素。女童、足月儿、独生子女、非留守儿童、主要看护人为父母、父母文化程度高、家长常主动关注儿童情感、玩家庭自制玩具的儿童适应能力发育商较高。结论 我国2～6岁儿童适应能力发育水平多数处于中等偏上水平，且与多种因素相关，可在工作中有针对性地对相关因素进行干预，以促进儿童适应能力得到良好发育。</p
RoVRM: A Robust Visual Reward Model Optimized via Auxiliary Textual Preference Data
No full textLarge vision-language models (LVLMs) often fail to align with human preferences, leading to issues like generating misleading content without proper visual context (also known as hallucination). A promising solution to this problem is using human-preference alignment techniques, such as best-of-n sampling and reinforcement learning. However, these techniques face the difffculty arising from the scarcity of visual preference data, which is required to train a visual reward model (VRM). In this work, we continue the line of research. We present a Robust Visual Reward Model (RoVRM) which improves human-preference alignment for LVLMs. RoVRM leverages auxiliary textual preference data through a threephase progressive training and optimal transport-based preference data selection to effectively mitigate the scarcity of visual preference data. We experiment with RoVRM on the commonly used vision-language tasks based on the LLaVA1.5-7B and -13B models. Experimental results demonstrate that RoVRM consistently outperforms traditional VRMs. Furthermore, our three-phase progressive training and preference data selection approaches can yield consistent performance gains over ranking-based alignment techniques, such as direct preference optimization.</p
Enhancing human well‑being through cognitive and afective pathways linking landscape sensation to cultural ecosystem services
No full textContext Landscape sensation is essential for the delivery of cultural ecosystem services (CESs), yet the pathways through which these services are delivered remain inadequately understood. Exploring how people obtain CESs from landscapes facilitates better understanding of the tradeoffs and synergies between ecosystem services and landscape sustainability.
Objectives This study aimed to elucidate the sensory pathways that links landscape attributes to CESs, focusing on the roles of cognitive and affective experiences.
Methods We analyzed social media comments for the measurement scale of cognition. We employed partial least squares structural equation modeling to integrate sensation, cognition, affect, and satisfaction, using questionnaire data (n = 503).
Results Cognitive comprehensions and affective responses play a crucial role in interpreting CESs while sensory experiences do not directly determine people’s satisfaction with CESs. The effective pathways are achieved through the sole mediator of cognition or by serial mediators of cognition and affect. Of the two mediators, cognition has a more profound mediating effect than affect.
Conclusions Both physical and biological components, such as landscape sensory attributes, as well as cognitive and affective responses, influence human nature interactions. These components should be considered when promoting the sustainability of human dominated landscapes.</p
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