Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Unconscious and Conscious Gaze-Triggered Attentional Orienting: Distinguishing Innate and Acquired Components of Social Attention in Children and Adults with Autistic Traits and Autism Spectrum Disorders
No full textTypically developing (TD) individuals can readily orient attention according to others' eye-gaze direction, an ability known as social attention, which involves both innate and acquired components. To distinguish between these two components, we used a critical flicker fusion technique to render gaze cues invisible to participants, thereby largely reducing influences from consciously acquired strategies. Results revealed that both visible and invisible gaze cues could trigger attentional orienting in TD adults (aged 20 to 30 years) and children (aged 6 to 12 years). Intriguingly, only the ability to involuntarily respond to invisible gaze cues was negatively correlated with autistic traits among all TD participants. This ability was substantially impaired in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and in children with high autistic traits. No such association or reduction was observed with visible gaze cues. These findings provide compelling evidence for the functional demarcation of conscious and unconscious gaze-triggered attentional orienting that emerges early in life and develops into adulthood, shedding new light on the differentiation of the innate and acquired aspects of social attention. Moreover, they contribute to a comprehensive understanding of social endophenotypes of ASD.</p
Study of tree shrew biology and models: A booming and prosperous field for biomedical research
No full textThe tree shrew ( Tupaia belangeri ) has long been proposed as a suitable alternative to non-human primates (NHPs) in biomedical and laboratory research due to its close evolutionary relationship with primates. In recent years, significant advances have facilitated tree shrew studies, including the determination of the tree shrew genome, genetic manipulation using spermatogonial stem cells, viral vector-mediated gene delivery, and mapping of the tree shrew brain atlas. However, the limited availability of tree shrews globally remains a substantial challenge in the field. Additionally, determining the key questions best answered using tree shrews constitutes another difficulty. Tree shrew models have historically been used to study hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, myopia, and psychosocial stress-induced depression, with more recent studies focusing on developing animal models for infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. Despite these efforts, the impact of tree shrew models has not yet matched that of rodent or NHP models in biomedical research. This review summarizes the prominent advancements in tree shrew research and reflects on the key biological questions addressed using this model. We emphasize that intensive dedication and robust international collaboration are essential for achieving breakthroughs in tree shrew studies. The use of tree shrews as a unique resource is expected to gain considerable attention with the application of advanced techniques and the development of viable animal models, meeting the increasing demands of life science and biomedical research
Just transition as practitioners' acceptance of technical solutions to decarbonize: Insights from the glass manufacturing industry
No full textThe concept of a just transition in energy-intensive industries is gaining growing attention in both academic and practical realms. Stakeholders' perspectives, particularly those of frontline workers in relevant fields, are crucial for understanding the nuances of a just transition. However, research in this domain, especially concerning the glass manufacturing industry, remains yet sparse. The current study fills this gap by developing an integrated framework that assesses the attitude of practitioners towards a low-carbon transition, as evidenced by their stance on implementing sustainable energy technologies (SET) in glass production. It also explores disparities among different groups to detect potential injustice issues, and examines the factors that drive their support for SET. Utilizing survey data from 270 frontline practitioners within glass manufacturing corporations in China, we have obtained a preliminary understanding of their opinions toward SET, and uncovered variances indicative of justice-related concerns. We delved deeper into the determinants of SET support using a three-dimensional model and hierarchical regression analysis. Our findings indicate that social-psychological attributes, perceived intrinsic qualities of SET, and perceived extrinsic contextual elements are all significant motivators for the acceptance of SET. In light of these insights, we propose recommendations for policymaking and environmental communication that incorporate considerations of justice.</p
Effectiveness and influencing factors of digital intervention for adolescent anxiety: a Meta-analysis and Delphi study
No full text焦虑症在青少年群体中发病率高，对青少年身心影响大，已经成为不容小觑的社会问题。数字化干预（Digital Intervention）是一种新兴的心理干预方式，国际上已有循证研究表明其对于青少年焦虑有改善效果，但干预的疗效和影响因素的研究并不成熟，国内这方面的研究也尚在起步阶段。基于此，我们开展了本研究。
研究一使用元分析的方法系统检索了 Pubmed、APA PsycInfo、Science Direct、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、Scopus、 中国知网全文数据库 （CNKI）、万方数据库（WanFang Data）和维普数据库（CQVIP）等八个电子 数据库中从数据库建立到 2022 年 10 月的文献，纳入随机对照试验比较干预组和对照组干预后的平均值和标准差，计算合并效应量（Hedges g），分析干预组与对照组相比对青少年焦虑的干预效果。元分析使用 Review Manager 5.3 版软件进行分析并使用 Cochrane 偏倚风险工具（2.0 版）评估了纳入文献的质量。元分析还进行了亚组分析，以探讨与疗效相关的影响因素。研究一纳入了 29 项随机对照试验。结果显示，青少年焦虑数字化干预的即时效果显著，但追踪效果不显著，意味着干预的效果无法长期保持。治疗师的辅助、家长的参与、干预的 脱落率、干预的预防类型、干预的疗法和干预的次数等因素是数字化干预效果的影响因素，而干预针对的心理问题和干预的实施场所是否是影响因素未得到证实。
研究二采用德尔菲法研究，根据以往的相关文献设计出专家问询表，就研究一未涵盖或讨论不充分的问题，如干预的技术因素、干预的设计性因素、干预的疗法因素和干预的实施因素等四个方面向专家展开问询，同时向专家咨询在中国开展青少年焦虑数字化干预需要考虑的问题。经过两轮的问询，根据专家的打分整理出相关的专家反馈意见。结果显示两轮专家的权威系数和肯德尔协调系数均符合要求。专家们认为青少年焦虑数字化干预有效，并对干预的疗 法因素、技术因素以及设计性因素对数字化干预疗效的影响达成了一致；然而，对于实施性因素对数字化干预疗效的影响专家们对于部分问题未达成一致。德尔菲法研究显示青少年焦虑数字化干预的疗法中排前三的是认知行为疗法、问题解决疗法和人际关系疗法等；干预的技术中排前五的是认知重建、人际沟通 的技巧与训练、情绪识别与管理、家庭作业和沟通干预的目标等；设计性因素 中排前三的是可及性设计、互动性设计、趣味性设计等。
本研究通过元分析和德尔菲法两个研究探讨了青少年焦虑数字化干预的有效性及与疗效有关的影响因素，同时探讨了在中国开展青少年焦虑数字化干预 应当考虑的问题。</p
Neuroaesthetic Indicators from the Perspective of Two-Stage Process Theory: N2 and LPP can Predict Aesthetic Judgment of Human-Computer Interfaces
No full textThis study presented 101 participants with either interfaces or scrambled interfaces to purify the effects of aesthetic judgment. Both N2 and LPP showed a significant interaction between aesthetic level (aesthetic, medium, and unaesthetic) and image type (interface and scramble). More specifically, N2 was more enhanced for aesthetic interfaces than for medium and unaesthetic interfaces, while N2 for the three types of scrambles showed no difference. Similarly, LPP for aesthetic and medium interfaces was more positive than for unaesthetic interfaces, but LPP for the three kinds of scrambled images showed no significant differences. The results of four classification models consistently showed that N2 and LPP could more accurately classify four different interface types than N1 and P2. These patterns indicated that both N2 and LPP are ERP correlates for aesthetic appreciation, indicating that aesthetic and unaesthetic interfaces might evoke differences in both the early attentional and later evaluation stages
Neuroaesthetic Indicators from the Perspective of Two-Stage Process Theory: N2 and LPP can Predict Aesthetic Judgment of Human-Computer Interfaces
No full textThis study presented 101 participants with either interfaces or scrambled interfaces to purify the effects of aesthetic judgment. Both N2 and LPP showed a significant interaction between aesthetic level (aesthetic, medium, and unaesthetic) and image type (interface and scramble). More specifically, N2 was more enhanced for aesthetic interfaces than for medium and unaesthetic interfaces, while N2 for the three types of scrambles showed no difference. Similarly, LPP for aesthetic and medium interfaces was more positive than for unaesthetic interfaces, but LPP for the three kinds of scrambled images showed no significant differences. The results of four classification models consistently showed that N2 and LPP could more accurately classify four different interface types than N1 and P2. These patterns indicated that both N2 and LPP are ERP correlates for aesthetic appreciation, indicating that aesthetic and unaesthetic interfaces might evoke differences in both the early attentional and later evaluation stages.</p
Intact gesture cueing of attention but attenuated sensitivity to peripheral social targets in autistic children: An eye-tracking and pupillometric study
No full textBackground: Altered automatic attention cueing has been reported in autistic children. Yet less is known about how autistic children would respond when the social cue that directs attention occurs in an implied social interaction. Methods: By using eye-tracking, the current study examined orienting responses to a socially-relevant target or a nonsocial target cued by a goal-directed social gesture in autistic children. Saccadic reaction time and pupillary responses were employed to measure gaze behavior and physiological arousal of autistic children. Results: Both groups of children showed reflexive orienting to the target regardless of its sociality, whereas typically developing (TD) children exhibited faster gaze shift than autistic children when the target was a social stimulus. An increased pupil dilation was observed in autistic children in response to stimuli relative to TD children. Further, autistic children showed larger baseline pupil response. Conclusions: Autistic children show attenuated sensitivity to social targets and atypical pupil responses, which may be due to the dysfunction of locus coeruleus (LC) - norepinephrine (NE) system
The role of psychological resilience in driving anger expression: The mediating effect of cognitive emotion regulation
No full textEmotions that occur while driving, especially anger, can significantly impact driving-related safety. Due to the potential risks of aggressive driving behaviour, which include hazardous driving and traffic accidents, it is important to explore strategies to effectively manage anger, thereby enhancing driving-related safety. This study aimed to investigate the relationships among psychological resilience, cognitive emotional regulation, driving anger, and the expression of driving anger. A total of 350 drivers (aged 21-50 years) completed online questionnaires, including the Connor-Davidson Psychological Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), the Driving Anger Scale (DAS), and the Driver Anger Expression Inventory (DAX). The results indicated that a higher level of psychological resilience is associated with a greater tendency to employ positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and a greater tendency to exhibit more adaptive expressions of driving anger. In contrast, a lower level of psychological resilience is associated with negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies, resulting in elevated levels of driving anger and a higher frequency of nonadaptive expressions. Additionally, cognitive emotion regulation mediated the relationship between psychological resilience and driving anger. These findings suggest that drivers with high levels of psychological resilience and those who engage in effective cognitive emotion regulation strategies are more likely to remain calm in irritating driving situations, thereby enhancing overall drivingrelated safety
Development and validation of a nomogram for suicide attempts in patients with first-episode drug-na?ve major depressive disorder
No full textObjective The risk of suicide can be decreased by accurately identifying high-risk suicide groups and implementing the right interventions. The aim of this study was to develop a nomogram for suicide attempts (SA) in patients with first-episode drug-na & iuml;ve (FEDN) major depressive disorder (MDD).Methods This study undertook a cross-sectional analysis of 1,718 patients diagnosed with FEDN MDD, providing comprehensive clinical data from September 2016 to December 2018. Data on anthropometric and sociodemographic factors were gathered, and the severity of depression and anxiety was evaluated using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), respectively. Additionally, thyroid hormone levels, lipid profile parameters, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured. Suicide attempt (SA) history was verified based on an amalgamation of medical records, patient interviews, and family interviews. Participants were randomly divided into a training group (70%, n = 1,204) and a validation group (30%, n = 514). In the training group, LASSO analysis and multivariate regression were used to identify variables associated with SA. A nomogram was then constructed using the identified risk factors to estimate the likelihood of SA within the training group. To assess the accuracy, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was utilized, and calibration plots were employed to evaluate calibration. Additionally, decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to assess the precision of the model. Finally, internal validation was carried out using the validation group.Results A practical nomogram has been successfully constructed, incorporating HAMD, HAMA, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) parameters, to estimate the probability of SA in Chinese patients diagnosed with FEDN MDD. The pooled area under the ROC for SA risk in both the training and validation groups was found to be 0.802 (95% CI: 0.771 to 0.832) and 0.821 (95% CI: 0.774 to 0.868), respectively. Calibration analysis revealed a satisfactory correlation between the nomogram probabilities and the actual observed probabilities. The clinical applicability of the nomogram was confirmed through decision curve analysis. To enhance accessibility for clinicians and researchers, an online version of the nomogram can be accessed at https://doctorjunjunliu.shinyapps.io/dynnomapp/.Conclusions We constructed and validated a nomogram for the early detection of FEDN MDD patients with a high risk of SA, thereby contributing to the implementation of effective suicide prevention programs
Establishing the relationship between subjective perception and neural responses: Insights from correlation analysis and representational similarity analysis
No full textExploring the relationship between sensory perception and brain responses holds important theoretical and clinical implications. However, commonly used methodologies like correlation analysis performed either intraor inter- individually often yield inconsistent results across studies, limiting their generalizability. Representational similarity analysis (RSA), a method that assesses the perception-response relationship by calculating the correlation between behavioral and neural patterns, may offer a fresh perspective to reveal novel findings. Here, we delivered a series of graded sensory stimuli of four modalities (i.e., nociceptive somatosensory, nonnociceptive somatosensory, visual, and auditory) to/near the left or right hand of 107 healthy subjects and collected their single -trial perceptual ratings and electroencephalographic (EEG) responses. We examined the relationship between sensory perception and brain responses using within- and between-subject correlation analysis and RSA, and assessed their stability across different numbers of subjects and trials. We found that within-subject and between-subject correlations yielded distinct results: within-subject correlation revealed strong and reliable correlations between perceptual ratings and most brain responses, while between-subject correlation showed weak correlations that were vulnerable to the change of subject number. In addition to verifying the correlation results, RSA revealed some novel findings, i.e., correlations between behavioral and neural patterns were observed in some additional neural responses, such as "gamma-ERS" in the visual modality. RSA results were sensitive to the trial number, but not to the subject number, suggesting that consistent results could be obtained for studies with relatively small sample sizes. In conclusion, our study provides a novel perspective on establishing the relationship between behavior and brain activity, emphasizing that RSA holds promise as a method for exploring this pattern relationship in future research
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