Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Effects of stress perception on teenager' self-efficacy: the moderating role of self-esteem and psychological resilience
No full text青少年正处于关键的心理发展阶段，此时他们的自我意识正在从稚嫩不断演化为成熟。在这个转折点上，他们的心理成长显得尤为重要，不仅影响个体的未来，更关系到整个社会的稳定发展。这一时期的心理挑战无疑是当前需要深入探讨与关注的议题之一。已有研究表明，压力是青少年成长过程中普遍存在的心理现象，对其日后成长和人格的健全发展可能会产生负面影响，同时自我效能感可以有效提高青少年应对压力的能力。随着积极心理学的发展，研究者发现自尊和心理弹性可以有效调节自我效能感水平，缓解压力知觉。因此，如何通过对个体自尊和心理弹性水平的调整，进而影响自我效能感，提高青少年应对压力的能力，健全其人格成为研究焦点。
本研究以青少年为研究对象，以受访青少年的个人体验和主观感受为核心，采用多元化的研究方法进行全面的分析和论证。在研究一定量研究中，以压力知觉为变量，自我效能感为反应变量，自尊及心理弹性为调节变量。探讨了压力知觉、自我效能感、自尊和心理弹性的现状以及人口学变量对它们的影响，以及压力知觉、心理弹性和自我效能感之间的关系。预期自尊和心理弹性作为调节变量在压力知觉和自我效能感之间发挥调节作用。研究二进一步进行了质性研究，从高压力知觉和低自我效能感的青少年中选取被试进行访谈，厘清青少年自我效能感的层次及压力知觉如何影响自我效能感的构建，启发相应的应对策略。为进一步探索改善青少年的压力知觉水平，提升自我效能感的措施提供理论支持。
在研究工具上，选用了知觉压力量表（CPSS）、一般自我效能感量表（GSES）、 自尊量表（SES）及心理弹性量表（RSCA），对陕西西安某区初中及高中的 700名青少年发放问卷，共收到有效问卷 633 份。研究一通过 SPSS 软件对数据进行分析，利用 PROCESS 宏插件进一步分析调节效应，研究二采用 Nvivo 软件对研究资料提取编码，然后再利用解释现象的分析方法，将访谈对像的反馈进行资料分析。分析结果如下：
第一、青少年的压力知觉水平位于取值区间的中等偏上水平，居住地、家庭结构和家庭状况维度对青少年压力知觉的影响存在显著差异。与居住在农村的青 少年相比，城市中的青少年压力知觉水平更高；单亲家庭的青少年的压力知觉水平远高于双亲及其他家庭的青少年；独生子女家庭的青少年压力知觉水平比有兄弟姐妹家庭青少年更高。
第二、青少年的自我效能感水平中等偏上，居住地、家庭结构、家庭状况对青少年自我效能感的影响存在显著差异。较居住在城市的青少年而言，居住在农 村的青少年自我效能感水平更高；双亲及其他家庭中的青少年自我效能感水平高于单亲家庭的青少年；拥有兄弟姐妹家庭的青少年比独生子女家庭的青少年自我效能感水平更高。
第三、青少年的自尊水平处于正常水平，居住地、家庭结构、家庭状况对青少年自尊的影响存在显著差异。居住在城市的青少年自尊水平高于农村的青少年；较双亲及其他家庭青少年，单亲家庭青少年自尊水平更高；独生子女家庭的青少年自尊水平高于拥有兄弟姐妹的家庭。
第四、青少年心理弹性水平低于期望值，居住地、家庭结构对青少年心理弹性的影响存在显著差异。居住在农村的青少年心理弹性水平高于城市中的青少年；双亲及其他家庭青少年心理弹性水平远高于单亲家庭的青少年。
第五、压力知觉、自我效能感、自尊与心理弹性之间存在显著的两两相关关 系，压力知觉与自我效能感负相关(r= -0.474, p < 0.01)；压力知觉与自尊正相关，其相关系数为(r= 0.56, p < 0.01)；压力知觉与心理弹性负相关，其相关系数为(r = -0.501, p < 0.01)；自我效能感与自尊负相关，其相关系数为(r= -0.320, p < 0.01)；自我效能感与心理弹性正相关，其相关系数为(r= 0.662, p < 0.01)；自尊与心理弹 性负相关，其相关系数为(r= -0.311, p < 0.01)。
第六、自尊在压力知觉与自我效能感之间起到调节作用（t = 5.956, p < 0.001）。心理弹性也在压力知觉与自我效能感之间起到调节作用（t = 4.128, p < 0.001）。
第七、受访者压力知觉导致自我效能感受挫的经历可以归为如下主题，即自我效能感受挫的感受包括：身体或精神各种不适、消极面对；压力知觉导致自我 效能感低：自尊倾向、心理弹性导向；自助还是求助于其他人：自我修疗、求助于其他人。
上述研究结果说明，青少年的压力知觉、自我效能感、自尊和心理弹性的现状及影响因素，以及它们的两两相关关系，反映了自尊和心理弹性在压力知觉与自我效能感之间起到的调节作用，以及进一步通过访谈探讨了压力知觉与自我效能感受挫的受访者的主观感受，并且部分的解释了自尊、心理弹性可能带来的个体差异。整体而言，本文通过定量研究和质性研究，明确了自尊和自我弹性在压力知觉与自我效能感之间能够起到调节作用。研究结果为青少年心理健康领域的研究贡献了新的理解和分析维度，为后续研究提供一定的理论基础，同时为日后探讨青少年压力知觉、自我效能感等问题的干预提供了进一步的理论依据
Change fatigue and work withdrawal behaviors: a moderated mediation model
No full text变革疲劳是组织变革和压力领域的一个新构念, 最近十几年吸引了众多学者的关注。变革疲劳往往是由于频繁变革引发，隐含着个体对变革的负面评价。过往研究已经发现变革疲劳对个人和组织会造成各种负面影响，它也是个体层面造成变革失败的重要原因之一。然而过往关于变革疲劳实证研究都集中在其对个体态度，例如工作满意度、工作投入、组织承诺等的负面影响，缺少对其和消极行为关系的探索。工作退缩行为作为职场常见的消极怠工行为，影响组织绩效和变革成败，前人研究虽有探寻过变革疲劳对离职倾向的影响，但缺乏对其和整体工作退缩行为的考察，因此本研究试图探究变革疲劳对整体工作退缩行为的影响机制。
本研究主要以情感事件理论为核心，根据“情感事件-情绪-行为”逻辑链 条，从情感的角度，试图打开变革疲劳影响工作退缩行为的“黑匣子”。此外,主管是工作环境中最突出的个体，他们往往代表着组织并影响下属的行为，亦引领变革流程。当个体遭遇变革疲劳时，主管支持感是否能起到调节作用呢？本研究主要探讨了消极情绪在变革疲劳和工作退缩行为两者之间的中介作用，以及主管支持感对变革疲劳与消极情绪关系的调节作用，最终建立了一个有调节的中介模型。
本研究采用了横截面调查法，分别进行了一次性取样及分阶段取样。一次性取样收集得到 525名全职员工的有效问卷数据；分阶段取样则最终收集313名 全职员工有效问卷。运用 SPSS 26及 Amos 26对数据进行统计分析和假设检验。
一次性取样及分阶段取样的数据分析结果一致表明：1）在控制了人口学变量和神经质变量后，变革疲劳对消极情绪有显著正向影响；2）消极情绪对工作退缩行为有显著正向影响，并在变革疲劳与工作退缩行为之间起完全中介作用；3）主管支持感负向调节变革疲劳与消极情绪的关系及中介模型，即主管支持感越高，变革疲劳引发的消极情绪越低，员工工作退缩行为越少发生。
本研究丰富了变革疲劳的实证研究，深入揭示了变革疲劳的危害及其对工作退缩行为的作用机制；提出了如何干预变革疲劳及其引发的负面情绪和行为的实践建议，对于组织及时了解和干预成员的变革疲劳及其负面影响具有理论和实践的参考意义
Research on Civil Servants' Mental Health Based on the Dual-Factor Model: Model Validation and the Mediating Role of Psvchological Flexibility
No full text在积极心理学视角下，心理健康不仅仅是没有消极心理症状，而是一种全面积极的心理状态，被称之为积极心理健康。积极心理学提供了一种全新的视角，强调通过培养个体的积极心理理品质来提高其整体心理健康水平。本研究基于积极心理学，主要探讨公务员群体的心理健康状况，通过验证积极心理健康测量工具和理论模型，深入分析了公务员群体的心理健康状况、心理灵活性在压力与心理健康之间的中介作用。 研究一在2624名公务员群体中通过使用沃里克一爱丁堡积极心理健康量表(WEMWBS)中文版量表，检验该量表在公务员群体中的有效性和可靠性。结果显示，WEMWBS的条目-总分相关系数在0.752至0.9 I 1之间，碎石图和平行分析显示单因子模型，因子载荷在0.762至0.918之间，解释了73.16%的总方差。验证性因素分析支持单因子模型(CFI = 0.997, TLI = 0.996，RMSEA=0.0330) a WEMWBS与生活满意度量表(SWLS)正相关((r=0. 710)，与焦虑抑郁压力量表(DASS-21)各项分数(抑郁、焦虑、压力)负相关((r值分别为-0.512，-0.437，-0.488），总分负相关(r=-0.497)。克隆巴赫α系数为0.970，古特曼分半系数为0.953。表明WEMWBS中文能有效区分被试的心理健康状况，具有良好的结构效度和内部一致性。证实了其在测量公务员群体积极心理健康的适用性。 研究二专注于双因素心理健康模型在公务员群体中的适应性。通过比较单因素和双因素模型，结果表明双因素模型更适合(CFI=0.998, TLI=0.997, RMSEA=0.0210），同时基于双因素模型理论，对研究对象进行分组，研究结果表明公务员群体中74%为完全心理健康者、10.5%为易感者、8%为部分病态者、7.5%为完全病态者。完全心理健康群体比率远高于以往研究的农民工群体、浙江省一般群体、高中生群体。与此同时通过潜剖面分析(LPA)进一步进行验证，识别三组群体最适合，命名为健康积极群体、易感群体和困扰群体，进一步支持心理健康的双因素模型。针对两类分类的不同组别验证心理灵活性和压力得分差异，不同群体的心理灵活性和压力均差异显著。通过本研究，进一步提示公务员群体的心理测评中应增加积极方面的测评以更全面评估千部心理健康状况。 研究三深入探讨了压力、心理灵活性和心理健康之间的关系，基于整体数据发现压力与心理灵活性、积极心理健康之间存在显著的负相关与消极心理健康(焦虑抑郁)存在显著正相关，而心理灵活性与积极心理健康之间存在显著的正相关与消极心理健康(焦虑抑郁)存在显著负相关，心理灵活性在压力与积极心理健康和消极心理健康(焦虑抑郁)之间起到部分中介作用。在积极心理健康中心理灵活性的中介贡献率为33.4%;在焦虑和抑郁方面的中介贡献率分别为16.8%和16.2%，同时依据研究二的理论分组和潜在剖面分析的不同组别，分别探索压力、心理灵活性和心理健康之间的相关关系和中介效应检验，发现相关关系以理论分组的群体中，完全心理健康者和完全病态者，其结果与整体数据结果一致。而中介效应在理论分组的群体中，完全健康群体心理灵活性在积极心理健康、焦虑和抑郁的中介贡献率分别为13.7%, 8.96%和6.5%。而在完全病态群体中，心理灵活性对积极心理健康的中介贡献率达到31.7%，在抑郁方面表现为完全中介，在焦虑方面的贡献率为17.7%。而理论分组的易感群体和部分病态群体，相关性不显著，中介效应不显著。以潜在剖面分析的三组中，仅困扰组可能由于人数过少相关性和中介效应不显著。这表明心理灵活性在调节压力和促进心理健康方面的重要作用，但不同群体存在不同的情况，需要细致地讨论。 综上所述，本研究为研究公务员群体的心理健康提供新思路。验证了沃里克一爱丁堡积极心理健康量表(WEMWBS)在评估公务员群体中的适用性，证实了双因素心理健康模型的有效性，并揭示了心理灵活性在压力和心理健康方面的关键作用。这些发现不仅对于公务员心理健康的精准评估和精准干预具有实际意义，也为未来的研究提供了新的方向和视角。</p
A Tracking Study on Rumination, Work Engagement, and Emotional Intelligence of Employees in Petroleum and Petrochemical Central Enterprises
No full text随着社会高速发展，企业竞争日益加剧。提升员工工作投入以增强企业竞争力成为心理学、组织管理学和企业界的共同焦点。工作投入是衡量员工价值和影响企业竞争力的关键因素。尽管已有研究探讨了个体特质和工作情境对工作投入的影响，但将反刍思维——一种个体经历负性生活事件后出现的重复思考倾向，视为个体特质，研究其对工作投入的影响尚不多见。此外，情绪智力，即个体管理情绪的能力，也被认为可能调节反刍思维对工作投入的影响，但其在三者关系中的作用尚未得到系统研究。本研究旨在填补这一空白，深入探讨 反刍思维、情绪智力与工作投入之间的相互关系，进而从企业实践层面，提出相关管理建议。
本研究基于工作投入综合模型，将反刍思维作为个人特质，探讨其对工作投入的影响。基于工作要求—资源模型，推测情绪智力可能调节反刍思维与工作投入之间的关系。研究创新地构建了一个包含反刍思维、情绪智力和工作投入的模型，并通过横断与追踪研究方法，分析这些变量间的跨时间影响关系，为理解三者关系提供新的数据和见解。
本研究以世界 500 强中排名前列的石油石化央企员工为对象，采用问卷调查法收集了关于反刍思维、情绪智力和工作投入的自我报告数据。研究分为两部分：研究一选取 930 名员工，采用横断研究方式，通过问卷测量反刍思维、情绪智力、工作投入基本状况，比较三者之间在人口学变量上的差异，分析反刍思维对工作投入的影响关系，验证情绪智力在反刍思维对工作投入的影响中是否具有调节作用。研究二对 300 名员工进行了间隔 3 个月的 2 次追踪问卷调查，构建了反刍思维与工作投入的交叉滞后模型，进一步探寻反刍思维对工作 投入的跨时间影响关系，检验情绪智力在反刍思维对工作投入的跨时间影响中是否仍具有调节作用。两个研究均重点分析了不同岗位员工情绪智力调节作用的差异。
研究结果显示，反刍思维对工作投入有负向影响，并且这种负向影响具有跨时间效应；反刍思维的症状反刍维度对工作投入的跨时间影响最大，其次是反省深思维度，影响最小是强迫思考维度；情绪智力在反刍思维对工作投入的跨时间影响中起调节作用，相较于情绪智力较低的一线操作岗位员工，情绪智力较高的管理岗位员工，其反刍思维更容易负向影响工作投入。根据研究结果，本研究还提出了管理建议，为企业管理者有针对性地开展工作，促进员工心理健康水平和工作投入水平提升提供了参考
Functional connectivity changes in two cortico-hippocampal networks of Alzheimer's disease continuum and their correlations with cognition: A SILCODE study
No full textBackground: The anterior-temporal (AT) and posterior-medial (PM) networks have been proposed to play pivotal roles in the memory processing associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nevertheless, these two networks' intrinsic functional coupling characteristics are still vague in different AD stages. Objective: To explore the functional connectivity (FC) alterations within and across the AT&PM networks in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and normal controls (NC). Methods: A total of 368 participants over 50 years old from the SILCODE study were recruited, including 99 NC, 134 SCD, 67 MCI, and 68 DAT patients. All the participants underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan and a battery of neuropsychological tests. The 56 regions-of-interest of the AT&PM networks were defined broadly following existing literature. The FCs were calculated using DPABINet and compared among these four groups. Correlation analyses were performed on FCs and cognitive tests. Results: Analysis of variance of all four groups showed significant alteration, mainly in the PM networks. Compared to NC, globally decreased FCs regarding AT&PM networks were observed in DAT and MCI patients, while globally increased FCs regarding AT&PM networks were observed in SCD. The decreased FCs in DAT were significantly correlated with the neuropsychological test on the memory domain. Conclusions: The FC alteration showed different patterns across the AD continuum, especially in individuals with SCD. The elevated FCs in the AT&PM networks of SCD may implicate certain compensating processes in the early stage of AD
Revealing the distinct impacts of effectiveness recognition and memory retention on the transfer of creative cognitive reappraisal
No full textPrevious research has shown that creative cognitive reappraisal is highly effective in regulating negative emotions. We conducted three experiments to explore its transferability. In Experiment 1, we observed that free recall performance was better for creative reappraisal compared to non-creative reappraisal. Memory retention of reappraisals was associated with creativity ratings, but not with perceived effectiveness ratings. In Experiment 2, participants generated reappraisals for newly introduced unpleasant images before (pre-session) and after (post-session) exposure to creative reappraisal, non-creative reappraisal, and descriptive control interpretation. Results showed increased reflective effectiveness of self-generated reappraisals in the post-session. The level of creativity of the self-generated reappraisals was associated with differences in perceived effectiveness between creative and non-creative exposed reappraisals. In Experiment 3, we investigated how two processing approaches (effectiveness-oriented vs. memory-oriented) influenced the transferability of creative reappraisal. We observed creativity levels of self-generated reappraisals increased in both conditions. The reflective effectiveness of the self-generated reappraisals tended to increase only in the effectiveness-oriented processing condition. Our findings demonstrate that recognising the effectiveness of creative reappraisal plays a crucial role in its transfer across different situations.</p
Differential manifestations of anhedonia in people with social anhedonia and subsyndromal depression
No full textEmpirical findings suggested that anhedonia, a reduced capability to access pleasure and a core symptom in both schizophrenia and the major depressive disorder, can be present in people with high levels of social anhedonia and people with subsyndromal depression. Few studies have adopted a multidimensional framework to investigate anhedonia in these subclinical samples. We recruited 35 participants with high social anhedonia (SA), 53 participants with subsyndromal depression (SD), 20 participants with co-occurrence of both traits (CO), and 47 participants with low levels of both traits (CN) to complete a self-report questionnaire capturing the pleasure experience, and the Monetary Incentives Delay (MID) Task and the Social Incentives Delay (SID) Task capturing the motivation of reward. Results indicated that people with SA, SD and CO exhibited lower abstract anticipatory pleasure compared to CN. Moreover, people with SD and CO exhibited specific impairment in response to social incentives. Together, our findings characterized the multidimensional features of anhedonia performances of subclinical samples with SA, SD and CO, which may contribute to the formulation of early identification of at-risk groups.</p
Contribution of resting-state functional connectivity of the subgenual anterior cingulate to prediction of antidepressant efficacy in patients with major depressive disorder
No full textThis study investigated how resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) predicts antidepressant response in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Eighty-seven medication-free MDD patients underwent baseline resting-state functional MRI scans. After 12 weeks of escitalopram treatment, patients were classified into remission depression (RD, n = 42) and nonremission depression (NRD, n = 45) groups. We conducted two analyses: a voxel-wise rsFC analysis using sgACC as a seed to identify group differences, and a prediction model based on the sgACC rsFC map to predict treatment efficacy. Haufe transformation was used to interpret the predictive rsFC features. The RD group showed significantly higher rsFC between the sgACC and regions in the fronto-parietal network (FPN), including the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and bilateral inferior parietal lobule (IPL), compared to the NRD group. These sgACC rsFC measures correlated positively with symptom improvement. Baseline sgACC rsFC also significantly predicted treatment response after 12 weeks, with a mean accuracy of 72.64% (p < 0.001), mean area under the curve of 0.74 (p < 0.001), mean specificity of 0.82, and mean sensitivity of 0.70 in 10-fold cross-validation. The predictive voxels were mainly within the FPN. The rsFC between the sgACC and FPN is a valuable predictor of antidepressant response in MDD patients. These findings enhance our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying treatment response and could help inform personalized treatment strategies for MDD.</p
Temporal neural dynamics of understanding communicative intentions from speech prosody
No full textUnderstanding the correct intention of a speaker is critical for social interaction. Speech prosody is an important source for understanding speakers' intentions during verbal communication. However, the neural dynamics by which the human brain translates the prosodic cues into a mental representation of communicative intentions in real time remains unclear. Here, we recorded EEG (electroencephalograph) while participants listened to dialogues. The prosodic features of the critical words at the end of sentences were manipulated to signal either suggestion, warning, or neutral intentions. The results showed that suggestion and warning intentions evoked enhanced late positive event-related potentials (ERPs) compared to the neutral condition. Linear mixed-effects model (LMEM) regression and representational similarity analysis (RSA) analyses revealed that these ERP effects were distinctively correlated with prosodic acoustic analysis, emotional valence evaluation, and intention interpretation in different time windows; The onset latency significantly increased as the processing level of abstractness and communicative intentionality increased. Neural representations of intention and emotional information emerged and parallelly persisted over a long time window, guiding the correct identification of communicative intention. These results provide new insights into understanding the structural components of intention processing and their temporal neural dynamics underlying communicative intention comprehension from speech prosody in online social interactions.</p
Event-, time- and activity-based prospective memory in children with higher autistic traits
No full textBackground: School-age children rely on prospective memory (PM) to complete various tasks in the future. Previous research suggests children with autism spectrum disorders exhibit PM impairment, but whether PM impairment extends to children with higher autistic traits remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to compare PM performance in children with higher and lower autistic traits and to examine potentially differential associations to executive functions. Method: Forty pairs of children with higher and lower autistic traits between age 6- to 12-years old completed event-, time-, and activity-based PM tasks, and two executive function tasks (i. e., inhibition and working memory). We also collected parents-rated PM abilities using the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire for Children. Results: The two groups showed similar performance in both executive function tasks, the 3 PM tasks and parents-reported PM in daily life. In children with lower autistic traits, performance of the time-based PM task was correlated with working memory whereas it was correlated with inhibition function in children with higher autistic traits. Moreover, children with higher autistic traits exhibited a continuous reduction of time monitoring behavior across trials, leading to worse performance in the last PM trial compared with children with lower autistic traits. Conclusion: Children with higher autistic traits showed intact executive functioning and similar PM performance as children with lower autistic traits, but they relied on different types of executive functions to complete time-based PM tasks. Moreover, children with higher autistic traits showed reduced time monitoring behavior and unstable PM performance across time.</p
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