Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Mindfulness decreases driving anger expression: The mediating effect of driving anger and anger rumination
No full textMindfulness is a state of being fully attentive to the current moment and is an experiential way of living in daily life. As a personal trait, mindfulness has been proven to enhance various negative emotions and behaviors. However, in the field of driving, there is still a lack of research on the mechanisms of mindfulness on anger expression behavior, specifically aggressive driving. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to reveal the impact of mindfulness on drivers’ aggressive driving behaviors and the mediating effect of driving anger and anger rumination. A total of 350 (208 males and 142 females) participants in China voluntarily completed a series of questionnaires, including the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Driving Anger Scale (DAS), the Anger Rumination Scale (ARS) and the Driving Anger Expression Inventory (DAX). The hierarchical multiple regression analysis and pathway analysis results showed that mindfulness negatively predicted driving anger, anger rumination and driving anger expression. Moreover, driving anger and anger rumination mediated the relationship between mindfulness and driving anger expression, accounting for 9.51% and 18.74% of the total effect, respectively. The chain-mediated effect of driving anger and anger rumination accounted for 8.00% of the total effect. This study has revealed some of the internal mechanisms through which mindfulness reduces aggressive driving. It fills a part of the gap in understanding the protective role of mindfulness in the driving domain. Furthermore, it suggests mindfulness interventions for drivers, which may have the potential to enhance overall road safety.</p
The impact of interpersonal synchronization on autistic children’s cooperative behavior and its intervention promotion
No full text合作是人类行为的核心,也是儿童社会性发展的重要体现。孤独症儿童因神经生理、时间同步以及运动能力等缺陷,导致其在社会交往中合作能力不足。研究发现,人际同步可促进儿童的合作行为。通过人际同步干预,孤独症儿童的联合注意、积极情绪及运动技能等与合作相关的能力获得改善,神经系统得到激活,社会适应能力也有所提高。人际同步干预目前仍在同步机制、感知互动质量等方面存在局限性,未来除了关注同步形式、节奏频率及个体差异等变量对孤独症儿童合作行为的作用机制外,还应关注他们在复杂开放式社交场景中的感知互动质量。</p
The mechanism of visual processing for nonsalient stimuli in perceptual learning
No full text非显著性刺激的知觉学习研究发现成人大脑具有可塑性,但是知觉学习如何影响不同的视觉加工阶段仍不清楚。通过将眼动指标划分为3个视觉加工阶段来探究知觉学习的机制：搜索潜伏期(早期),是指从搜索屏呈现到第一次眼跳离开初始注视点位置的时间,代表了在搜索屏中选择第一个搜索位置的时间;注视点个数和平均注视时间(中期),代表搜索过程中注视加工的位置个数和平均加工时间;确定时间(后期),代表判断当前刺激是否为目标并做出反应的时间。结果发现对训练刺激的搜索正确率提高,反应时变快,同时搜索潜伏期显著增加,注视点个数和平均注视时间减少,且行为和眼动指标的变化都没有迁移至未训练刺激。说明知觉学习会影响早期和中期视觉加工阶段,可能通过增长搜索潜伏期,同时减少眼跳的次数和降低注视时间来提高搜索表现。</p
Warmth, Competence, and the Determinants of Trust in Artificial Intelligence: A Cross-Sectional Survey from China
No full textTrust is critical in humans’ interactions with artificial intelligence (AI). In this large-scale survey study (N = 2187), we examined the effects of 19 factors on people’s trust in AI. Across the three dimensions of trust (i.e., the trustor, the trustee, and their interacting context), factors related to the trustee (i.e., AI) were found to affect trust in AI the most. Among factors in the trustee category, warmth and competence, two factors also critical to human trust relationships, emerged as the most pivotal ones, and they partially mediated the effects of other factors on trust in AI. We further show that trust in AI influenced participants’ intentions to collaborate and use AI both directly and as the mediator between warmth, competence, and other factors and intentions. These findings indicate that trust in AI shares much common ground with trust in humans, and provide practical suggestions on how to promote people’s trust in AI effectively.</p
Crossmodal Transfer and Its Cognitive Neural Mechanisms
No full text跨通道迁移是指将在一种感觉通道获得的知识应用于另一感觉通道的能力。跨通道迁移的相关研究探索了大脑表征 不同感觉通道信息的方式，为减少重复学习、提高认知加工效率提供了新的见解。为较好地概括跨通道迁移的特点和机制， 本文首先介绍了在物体识别、类别学习和时间知觉等不同领域对跨通道迁移效应的实验研究，之后介绍了支持跨通道迁移 的表征类型和相关理论，梳理了跨通道迁移产生的理论及采用事件相关电位 （ERP） 和功能磁共振成像 （fMRI） 等技术探 讨跨通道迁移神经机制的研究进展，并指出了影响跨通道迁移的因素。最后，对目前跨通道迁移研究成果及其潜在应用进 行了总结，并对这一领域未来的研究问题进行了展望。</p
Greater prosociality toward other human drivers than autonomous vehicles: Human drivers’ discriminatory behavior in mixed traffic
No full textThe development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has rapidly evolved in recent years, aiming to gradually replace humans in driving tasks. However, road traffic is a complex environment involving numerous social interactions. As new road users, AVs may encounter different interactive situations from those of human drivers. This study therefore investigates whether human drivers show distinct degrees of prosociality toward AVs or other human drivers and whether AV behavioral patterns exert a relevant influence. Sixty-two drivers participated in the driving simulation experiment and interacted with other human drivers and different kinds of AVs (conservative, human-like, aggressive). The results show that human drivers are more willing to yield to other human drivers than to all kinds of AVs. Their braking reaction time is longer when yielding to AVs and their distance to AVs is shorter when choosing not to yield. AVs of different behavioral patterns do not significantly differ in yielding rate, but the braking reaction time of human-like AVs is longer than conservative AVs and shorter than aggressive AVs. These findings suggest that human drivers show more prosocial behaviors toward other human drivers than toward AVs. And human drivers' yielding behavior changes as the behavioral patterns of AVs changes. Accordingly, this study improves the understanding of how human drivers interact with nonliving road users such as AVs and how the former accept AVs with different driving styles on the road.</p
A citrullinated antigenic vaccine in treatment of autoimmune arthritis
No full textRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease triggered by antigenic peptides with environmental and genetic risk factors. It has been shown that antigen-specific targeting could be a promising therapeutical strategy for RA by restoring immune tolerance to self-antigens without compromising normal immunity. Citrullination of antigens enhances antigenic properties and induces autoimmune responses. Here, we showed that citrullinated antigenic (citAg) vaccine ameliorated collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) with decreased T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells, downregulated proinflammatory cytokines including interlukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and inhibited antigen recall responses. B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing further revealed that citAg vaccine could dampen the dysregulated V(D)J recombination, restoring the immune repertoire. Taken together, the results demonstrated that citAg vaccine might have a therapeutic effect on RA.</p
LLM Plus Machine Learning Outperform Expert Rating to Predict Life Satisfaction from Self-Statement Text
No full textThis study explores an innovative approach to predicting individual life satisfaction by combining large language models (LLMs) with machine learning (ML) techniques. Traditional life satisfaction assessments rely on self-report questionnaires, which can be time-consuming and resource intensive. To address these limitations, we developed a method that utilizes LLMs for feature extraction from open-ended self-statement texts, followed by ML prediction. We compared this approach with standalone LLM predictions and expert ratings. A sample of 378 participants completed the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) and wrote self-statements about their current life situation. The LLM-based ML model, using a LightGBM regressor, achieved a correlation of 0.542 with self-reported SWLS scores, outperforming both the standalone LLM (r = 0.491) and expert ratings (r = 0.455). Effect size analysis revealed a statistically significant moderate effect size difference between the LLM-based ML model and expert ratings (Cohen's d = 0.499, 95% CI [0.043, 0.955]). These findings demonstrate the potential of integrating LLM and ML for an efficient and accurate assessment of life satisfaction, challenging conventional methods, and opening new avenues for psychological measurement. The study's implications extend to research, clinical practice, and policymaking, offering promising advancements in AI-assisted psychological assessment.</p
Modulation effect and potential mechanisms of selective attention on unconscious processing
No full text意识和无意识经常被看作是动态转换的一体两面，理解意识与无意识相互转换的认知神经机制是当今科学的重大挑战。注意在这个转换过程中发挥关键作用。但是，过往研究主要关注注意对意识的影响，而注意对无意识过程的影响长久以来被忽略了。一个曾比较流行的观点认为无意识加工过程是自动化的，不受注意的调节。然而，该观点近来被逐渐抛弃。在视觉传递通路中，注意可以调节源眼信息、朝向信息的无意识加工过程；在语义系统中，注意能自上而下地增强目标关联性强的，并抑制目标关联性弱的无意识语义过程；在情绪系统中，除了目标关联性之外，由注意负荷操纵的注意供给水平也能调节意识下的情绪加工过程。这些研究有助于更充分理解注意与意识的关系。综合起来看，注意既可能是产生意识的必要条件，也可能是（某些）无意识加工的必要条件。未来研究应深入研究注意调节无意识过程的认知和神经机制，尤其是这些机制在不同注意类型和不同感觉通道间的共性和个性。</p
从“皮囊”到“灵魂”：元宇宙、心理学和基因视角下的数字人
No full text数字人是元宇宙世界的核心，也是元宇宙创建需要首先考虑的元素。本文旨在通过文献分析和多学科视角，系统探讨数字人的本质及其影响，采用中国知网和Web of Science等数据库中的相关文献，运用VOSviewer和CiteSpace进行可视化分析，并结合心理学、基因等多学科视角进行解读。分析显示，长期以来，多学科研究和数字化生产力的进步共同作用，促成了数字人的出现和发展。根据马斯洛的需求层次理论，数字人之所以产生，是为了满足人类多层次的需求。人类在数字人的创造过程中有复制自身生物基因和文化基因（Meme）的双重取向。随着时代发展，数字人也在形态和智能方面不断演进，在满足人类不断发展的需求的同时也在推动人类进步。研究结果为探讨数字人的本质提供了更多样化的理论基础，在分析基础上推断了数字人未来的发展趋势，为该领域关注者提供了不同视角的观点和有价值的参考。</p
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