Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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The Impact of Subgroup Identity Salience on College Students' Prosocial Behavior Towards In-group and Out-group: The Mediating Role of In-group Preference
No full text亲社会行为作为大学生社会化进程中的核心构成要素，不仅是保障其实现人格完善与全面发展的重要基石，更是通过个体行为的社会化传导，推动社会和谐运行与文明进步的微观动力源。本文以在校大学生为研究对象，考察亚群体管理模式（社区化管理）对大学生亲社会行为的影响。社区化管理通过打破传统年级、专业、学院等的划分，依托诸多丰富的社区活动等，为亚群体身份凸显（“社区成员”身份的显著性感知）提供了现实条件，因此本研究通过准实验研究和调查实验探究亚群体身份凸显对内群体（本校）和外群体（非本校）亲社会行为的影响以及内群体（本校）偏好的中介作用。
研究一对来自实行社区化亚群体管理模式（凸显亚群体身份）与未实行该模式（未凸显亚群体身份）的 448 名在校大学生进行抽样调查。结果表明，亚群体身份凸显对内群体亲社会行为无直接影响，但可以通过内群体偏好的完全中介效应正向促进内群体亲社会行为；亚群体身份凸显对外群体亲社会行为有直接的促进作用，且内群体偏好在其中起部分中介效应。
为进一步验证亚群体身份凸显对大学生亲社会行为的因果影响，研究二设计了干预实验，将 236 名实行社区化亚群体管理高校的在校大学生随机分为两组，其中实验组采用情景想象法进一步凸显其社区身份（凸显亚群体身份），探讨对于已实施社区化管理的大学生，亚群体身份凸显对内群体和外群体亲社会行为的影响。结果表明：亚群体身份凸显对内群体及外群体亲社会行为无直接影响，但可以通过内群体偏好的完全中介效应正向促进内群体及外群体亲社会行为。
研究三采用与研究二类似的操纵，以 167 名未实行社区化管理高校的在校大学生作为被试，对于其中的亚群体身份凸显组采用情景想象法凸显其班级亚群体身份，考察对未实施社区化管理的大学生，亚群体身份凸显对内群体及外群体亲社会行为影响的稳定性。结果表明：亚群体身份凸显对内群体及外群体亲社会行为无直接影响，但可以通过内群体偏好的完全中介效应正向促进内群体及外群体亲社会行为。
综上，本研究不仅系统揭示了亚群体身份凸显与大学生内群体及外群体亲社会行为的影响及内群体偏好在其中的中介机制，明晰了各变量间的作用路径与影响逻辑；也为高校教育工作者优化学生群体管理实践、制定针对性育人策略提供了兼具理论深度与实践价值的参考依据，为高校推进亲社会行为培育提供了可操作的理论支撑。</p
Design and Practice of High School Mathematics Self-Learning Assistance System Based on Learning from Examples and by Doing Method
No full textThis paper is to answer a problem that there are few math teaching materials for the art examinee of National College Entrance Examination reformed to art examinee system to review. To address this issue, we have developed self-learning aid software system focusing on high school mathematics based on the Learning from Examples and by Doing (LFED) theory. The software is developed in an Intelligent Computer-Assisted Environment that encompasses a question bank, adaptive course material, and repetition-based algorithms. Teaching experiments with two sets of pupils demonstrated improved performance of both sets, as measured by paired t-test. Furthermore, Cohen's d scores revealed a significant difference in the change in the LFED group compared with the controls. These results demonstrate the efficacy of the LFED method and offer critical empirical data for the design and improvement of mathematics instruction tailored to the specific learning characteristics of art students.</p
The Influence of Maternal and Paternal Parenting on Adolescent Brain Structure
No full textBACKGROUND: Adolescents raised in families with different maternal and paternal parenting combinations exhibit variations in neurocognition and psychopathology; however, whether neural differences exist remains unexplored. This study used a longitudinal twin sample to delineate how different parenting combinations influence adolescent brain structure and to elucidate the genetic contribution. METHODS: A cohort of 216 twins participated in parenting assessments during early adolescence and underwent magnetic resonance imaging scanning during middle adolescence. We utilized latent profile analysis to distinguish between various maternal and paternal parenting profiles and subsequently investigated their influences on brain anatomy. Biometric analysis was applied to assess genetic influences on brain structure, and associations with internalizing symptoms were explored. RESULTS: In early adolescence, 4 parenting profiles emerged, which were characterized by levels of harshness and hostility in one or both parents. Compared with adolescents in "catparent" families (low harshness/hostility in both parents), those raised in "tigermom" families (harsh/hostile mother only) exhibited a smaller nucleus accumbens volume and larger temporal cortex surface area; those in "tigerdad" families demonstrated larger thalamus volumes; and those in "tigerparent" families displayed smaller volumes in the midanterior corpus callosum. Genetic risk factors contributed significantly to the observed brain structural heterogeneity and internalizing symptoms. However, the influences of parenting profiles and brain structure on internalizing symptoms were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The findings underscore distinct brain structural features linked to maternal and paternal parenting combinations, particularly in terms of subcortical volume and cortical surface area. This study suggests an interdependent role of maternal and paternal parenting in shaping adolescent neurodevelopment
The Influence of Maternal and Paternal Parenting on Adolescent Brain Structure
No full textBACKGROUND: Adolescents raised in families with different maternal and paternal parenting combinations exhibit variations in neurocognition and psychopathology; however, whether neural differences exist remains unexplored. This study used a longitudinal twin sample to delineate how different parenting combinations influence adolescent brain structure and to elucidate the genetic contribution. METHODS: A cohort of 216 twins participated in parenting assessments during early adolescence and underwent magnetic resonance imaging scanning during middle adolescence. We utilized latent profile analysis to distinguish between various maternal and paternal parenting profiles and subsequently investigated their influences on brain anatomy. Biometric analysis was applied to assess genetic influences on brain structure, and associations with internalizing symptoms were explored. RESULTS: In early adolescence, 4 parenting profiles emerged, which were characterized by levels of harshness and hostility in one or both parents. Compared with adolescents in "catparent" families (low harshness/hostility in both parents), those raised in "tigermom" families (harsh/hostile mother only) exhibited a smaller nucleus accumbens volume and larger temporal cortex surface area; those in "tigerdad" families demonstrated larger thalamus volumes; and those in "tigerparent" families displayed smaller volumes in the midanterior corpus callosum. Genetic risk factors contributed significantly to the observed brain structural heterogeneity and internalizing symptoms. However, the influences of parenting profiles and brain structure on internalizing symptoms were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The findings underscore distinct brain structural features linked to maternal and paternal parenting combinations, particularly in terms of subcortical volume and cortical surface area. This study suggests an interdependent role of maternal and paternal parenting in shaping adolescent neurodevelopment.</p
Network structure of reward sensitivity and its temporal interactions with depression: a cross-lagged panel network analysis
No full textBackground Reward sensitivity plays a crucial role in shaping emotional and behavioural responses, yet its internal structure and dynamic interplay with depression remain underexplored. This study systematically examined the network structure of reward sensitivity and its associations with depression using a network analysis framework.Methods Based on two waves of data (T1: N = 1,136, Mage = 14.33, 52.46% female; T2: N = 1,083, Mage = 14.32, 52.82% female), we constructed multiple cross-sectional and bridge networks, as well as a cross-lagged panel network model (CLPN).Results (1) Cross-sectional network analysis reveals that positive feedback serves as the core node in the depression group, while hobbies dominate in the healthy group; (2) bridging network analysis identifies hobbies and positive affect as key bridging nodes linking reward sensitivity and depression; (3) CLPN analysis demonstrates that greater engagement in hobbies at baseline significantly predicts lower levels of depression 6 months later.Conclusions This study provided a novel network perspective on the structural and temporal characteristics of reward sensitivity in depression. The findings underscored the importance of targeting specific reward types in intervention strategies and personalised mental health approaches
Addressing the overlooked challenge of dysphagia in schizophrenia: A call for action
No full textPerceived residential environment quality (PREQ) plays a crucial role in the aging process and quality of life of older adults, particularly in relation to their sense of community (SOC) and desire to age in place. This study aims to explore the impact of PREQ on SOC among retired residents, examining both the mediating role of emotions and the moderating effect of length of residence (LOR). A questionnaire survey was conducted with a sample of 1,158 retired community residents aged 50 years and older. The Chinese version of the perceived residential environment quality indicators (PREQIs) was used to assess the overall residential environment quality, including architectural and urban planning aspects, socio‐relational aspects, functional aspects, and contextual aspects. The results revealed that PREQ and its sub‐dimensions are generally positively correlated with SOC, with positive and negative emotional experiences mediating the relationship between PREQ and SOC. Furthermore, LOR was identified as a moderator in the link between PREQ and SOC, to some extent. Firstly, the findings reaffirm the significant role of comprehensive and specific community living environments in the emotional well‐being and sense of community among retired residents. Secondly, for policymakers and stakeholders, the findings hold practical implications for actively coping with the aging issue and constructing age‐friendly communities.</p
Effects of combining positive psychological intervention and lifestyle intervention on improving cardiovascular health for at-risk older adults: study protocol of a Chinese multicentric community-based randomised controlled trial (ACCOMPLI-CH)
No full textIntroduction Cardiovascular health is influenced by various factors, including not only physiological and behavioural ones but also psychological well-being. However, when developing comprehensive preventive approaches, psychological interventions often receive less attention, despite their possible multiple mechanisms on cardiovascular health. Incorporating both healthy behaviour and psychological well-being promotion would be a more efficacious preventive approach. This study aims to investigate the effects of a community-based multicomponent intervention combining positive psychological intervention and lifestyle intervention on improving cardiovascular health among older adults with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.Methods and analysis This study is a multicentre, community-based, randomised controlled trial with 18 months of intervention and follow-up for community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above with risk factors for cardiovascular health. Intervention activities last 6 months and are composed of in-person group training sessions of 60-80 min led by trained group instructors and weekly self-monitoring homework. Participants are randomly assigned to a multicomponent intervention 'Harmony' group (24 sessions of positive psychology and lifestyle intervention delivered weekly), an active control 'Lifestyle' group (eight sessions of lifestyle intervention delivered every 3-4 weeks) or a waitlist control group (no intervention activities). Positive psychological training sessions are designed using well-known techniques derived from positive psychology theories with adaptations to Chinese culture, and lifestyle training sessions are developed according to national guidelines. The primary outcome includes the change of a composite score of systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein levels, as well as psychological well-being measured from three perspectives, including hedonic, eudaimonic and evaluative well-being. Secondary assessments include other measures for physical and biological indicators, psychological well-being, health behaviours, social connection factors and overall cognitive functions. Primary data analyses will follow the intention-to-treat principle. To examine the effects of intervention, multilevel mixed models will be performed. In case of any differences in baseline participant characteristics, they will be adjusted for as covariates.Ethics and dissemination A centralised ethics review process was conducted, and the study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the Institutional Review Board of the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in April 2022. A signed written informed consent form will be obtained from all participants. On completion, the trial results will be disseminated through published manuscripts and presentations at scientific conferences.</p
Multimodal quantitative magnetic resonance imaging alterations of the basal ganglia circuit underlie the severity of bulimia nervosa
No full textBackground: Neuroimaging alterations in the basal ganglia circuit have been reported to correlate with the severity of various eating or addictive disorders, but their relationship to the severity of bulimia nervosa (BN) remains largely unknown. This study sought to investigate the basal ganglia circuit structural and functional imaging differences in BN patients with different severity. Methods: Based on the MRI data acquired from 34 mild BN patients, 35 moderate-to-extreme BN patients and 35 healthy controls (HCs), differences in gray matter volume (GMV), fractional anisotropy, fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF), and seed-based functional connectivity (FC) of basal ganglia circuit (including the caudate, globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens and putamen) were compared across the three groups. Results: Compared to HCs, the mild patients only exhibited decreased fALFF in the left ventromedial putamen and increased FC between the nucleus accumbens and orbitofrontal cortex, without any structural imaging alterations. Whereas, the moderate-to-extreme patients exhibited significant basal ganglia imaging alterations, characterized by widespread higher FC between basal ganglia regions and several frontal-parietotemporal regions, and disrupted white matter integrity. Based on receiver operating characteristic curves, we discovered that seed-based FC had acceptable discriminatory values in classifying BN patients into mild or moderate-to-extreme groups. Conclusion: This study reveals that basal ganglia circuit imaging alterations in BN patients become more pronounced with increasing disease severity, suggesting a crucial role of basal ganglia circuit in the progression of BN. Functional network reorganization between basal ganglia and other regions may serve as a potential risk imaging marker for BN progression.</p
Neural architecture of social punishment: Insights from a queue-jumping scenario
No full textPunishment in social settings is crucial for maintaining collective interests, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To address this, we developed a paradigm, the queue-jumping task, where participants imagine experiencing a queue-jumping event through vivid pictorial scenarios. Behavioral findings revealed that individuals prioritized collective interests over personal ones when punishing, highlighting the altruistic nature of social punishment. Neuroimaging results demonstrated that social punishment activated multiple neural circuits associated with social norms (e.g., fusiform gyrus and posterior cingulate cortex), self-related processing (e.g., ventromedial prefrontal cortex and middle cingulate cortex), and punishment implementation (e.g., anterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and middle temporal gyrus). Brain network analyses uncovered a social punishment network whose efficacy in information transmission forecasts individuals' tendency to punish. This study provides valuable insights into the cognitive and neural mechanisms involved in social punishment. The current paradigm closely reflects real-life queue-jumping situations and daily punitive behaviors, demonstrating its generalizability and validity.</p
How face-like objects and averted gaze faces orient our attention: The role of global configuration and local features
No full textIn real life, people perceive nonexistent faces from face-like objects, called face pareidolia. Face-like objects, similar to averted gazes, can direct the observer's attention. However, the similarities and differences in attentional shifts induced by these two types of stimuli remain underexplored. Through a gaze cueing task, this study compares the cueing effects of face-like objects and averted gaze faces, revealing both commonalities and distinct underlying mechanisms. Our findings demonstrate that while both types of stimuli can elicit attentional shifts, the mechanisms differ: averted gaze faces rely on processing local features like gaze direction, whereas face-like objects leverage their global configuration to enhance attentional shifts by triggered eye-like features. These findings advance the understanding of the processing mechanisms underlying the perception of face-like objects, and how the brain represents facial attributes even when physical facial stimuli are absent. This study provides a valuable theoretical foundation for future investigations into the broader applications of face-like stimuli in human perception and attention.</p
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