Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Self-esteem and problematic mobile social media use among Chinese adolescents: Adolescent social anxiety as a mediator
No full textThis study investigated the association between self-esteem and problematic mobile social media use (PMSMU) in junior high school students, along with the mediating effect of adolescent social anxiety. The sample comprised 697 junior high school students from China, who completed the Self-Esteem Scale, the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents, and the Adolescent Problematic Mobile Social Media Use Scale. The results showed that self-esteem was negatively associated with PMSMU among adolescents, and social anxiety partially mediated this relationship. Participants with high levels of self-esteem tended to experience low levels of social anxiety, which, in turn, reduced their vulnerability to PMSMU. By elucidating the relationships between self-esteem, social anxiety, and PMSMU, this research has advanced existing theoretical frameworks, providing insights for developing targeted mental health programs and responsible social media use interventions for adolescents.</p
Age at first marriage and divorce risk: Analysis based on social clock theory
No full textObjective This study explored the relationship between deviation from common age at first marriage and divorce risk.Background The relationship between age at first marriage and divorce risk has long been of interest in family studies. Analyses based on absolute age may overlook the influence of social norms.Method Utilizing longitudinal data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) collected from 2010 to 2020, encompassing a total sample of 36,407 individuals, the sample was divided into five cohorts based on the year of birth. Median age at first marriage was calculated for each birth cohort using the China Population Census (2020) and used to represent common marriage age and classify individuals' early and late age at first marriage. Survival analysis methods were employed to examine the relationship between divorce risk and deviation from common age.Results Individuals who married at the common marriage age exhibited the longest marital duration. Those who married much earlier or much later had relatively shorter durations (Time Ratio [TR] 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.48, 0.80]; TR 0.84, CI [0.72, 0.98]). A robustness check further suggested that for each 1-year deviation from the cohort median age at first marriage, marital duration was reduced by 2% (TR 0.98, CI [0.97, 0.999]).Conclusion The greater the deviation of an individual's age at first marriage from the common age at first marriage of the birth cohort, the higher their risk of divorce. The deviation offers stronger explanatory power for divorce risk than absolute age at marriage
Cognitive Inflexibility Shares Across Schizophrenia and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Task-Based Functional MRI Study
No full textBackground and Hypothesis Schizo-obsessive comorbidity (SOC), defined as obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in schizophrenia (SCZ), is linked to severe psychopathology and poor prognosis. Schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) share cognitive impairments, particularly in inhibition and cognitive flexibility, which may underlie SOC. However, little is known regarding the underlying neural mechanisms of SOC. We aimed to directly compare the inhibition- and cognitive flexibility-related neural activations between patients with SOC, SCZ, OCD, and healthy controls (HCs).Study Design Twenty-eight patients with SOC, 33 SCZ patients, 30 OCD patients, and 33 HCs undertook fMRI while performing the combined shifting go/no-go task. We analyzed the shifting-related (shift vs go) and stopping-related (no-go vs go) activations among the different diagnostic groups.Study Results Compared to HCs, the 3 clinical groups showed significant shifting-related hypoactivation in the left postcentral gyrus, left paracentral lobule, left supplementary motor area, and right superior frontal gyrus, with SOC exhibiting significantly lower activation than SCZ and OCD patients. Regarding stopping, OCD patients showed significant hyperactivation in the left precuneus compared with SCZ patients and HCs. Like OCD patients, SOC patients also exhibited greater hyperactivation than SCZ patients. Behaviorally, SOC and SCZ patients made significantly more commission errors than OCD patients, with SCZ also having more commission errors than HCs. Furthermore, SOC and SCZ made more shifting errors than HCs; and SOC made more shifting errors than SCZ and OCD patients.Conclusions All 3 clinical groups shared cognitive inflexibility. Moreover, the presence of the 2 features appears to amplify the neural alterations, implicating "additive effects.
Frontoparietal network mediates the antidepressant effects of accelerated iTBS and cTBS: TMS-EEG study
No full textAccelerated intermittent and continuous theta burst stimulation (a-iTBS and a-cTBS) show strong efficacy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), yet their neural mechanisms remain unclear. This study uses concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) to examine these mechanisms in 40 TRD patients and 40 healthy controls (HCs). TRD individuals demonstrate abnormal local cortical excitability at baseline, characterized by left hypoactivity and right disinhibition. A-iTBS increases left excitability, and a-cTBS increases right inhibition, and both normalize it to the level of HCs. Network analyses reveal that a-iTBS improves current propagation to the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), correlating with a better antidepressant effect. Contrastingly, a-cTBS induces a widespread inhibition as indicated by current propagation over parietal cortices, with the left IPL being most prominent, and this also correlates with a better antidepressant effect. These findings outline the frontoparietal circuitry in TMS antidepressant effects and provide insights for optimizing treatment efficacy. This study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200055320)
Diverse Frontoparietal Connectivity Supports Semantic Prediction and Integration in Sentence Comprehension
No full textPredictive processing in the parietal, temporal, frontal, and sensory cortex allows us to anticipate future meanings to maximize the efficiency of language comprehension, with the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) thought to be situated toward the top of a predictive hierarchy. Although the regions underpinning this fundamental brain function are welldocumented, it remains unclear how they interact to achieve efficient comprehension. To this end, we recorded functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 22 participants (11 males) while they comprehended sentences presented part by part, in which we manipulated the constraint provided by sentential contexts on upcoming semantic information. Using this paradigm, we examined the connectivity patterns of bilateral TPJ and IFG during anticipatory phases (i.e., before the onset of targets) and integration phases (i.e., after the onset of targets). When upcoming semantic content was highly predictable in strong constraint contexts, both the left TPJ and bilateral IFG showed stronger visual coupling, while the right TPJ showed stronger connectivity with regions within control, default mode, and visual networks, including the IFG, parahippocampal gyrus, posterior cingulate, and fusiform gyrus. These connectivity patterns were weaker when predicted semantic content appeared, in line with predictive coding theory. Conversely, for lesspredictable content, these connectivity patterns were stronger during the integration phase. Overall, these results suggest that both top-down semantic prediction and bottom-up integration during predictive processing are supported by flexible coupling of frontoparietal regions with control, memory, and sensory systems.</p
Child maltreatment elevated the risk of late-life chronic pain: a biopsychosocial framework from the UK Biobank cohort
No full textUnderstanding the development of chronic pain (CP) is challenging due to its multifactorial etiology. Child maltreatment (CM), encompassing various types of neglect and abuse affecting more than one-third of the population, is a critical aspect of early-life adversity with long-lasting impacts. It is increasingly recognized for its role in altering biopsychosocial processes, potentially increasing vulnerability to CP. However, the exact path connecting CM to CP is not fully elucidated, primarily attributable to limitations in prior research, including insufficient sample sizes, inadequate consideration of comprehensive mediative variables, and a lack of longitudinal data. To address these gaps, our study utilizes a large-scale dataset (n = 150,989) comprising both cross-sectional and longitudinal data, along with an extensive range of biopsychosocial variables. Our findings reveal that all types of CMs, except physical neglect, significantly increase the risk of CP, and all types of CPs, except headache, were affected by CM. Furthermore, we demonstrate that individuals with CM histories are more predisposed to comorbid CP conditions. Importantly, biopsychosocial factors are found to explain over 60% of the association between CM and CP, with psychological factors playing a key role. This study not only characterizes the relationship between CM and CP but also underscores the influence of psychosocial elements in this dynamic interplay. These findings offer important insights into the long-term impacts of CM and provide a foundation for developing targeted therapeutic and preventive strategies for CP.</p
How Do Dishonest Reputation Upgrading Cues Affect Reputation-Based Cooperation? The Roles of Trust and Perceived Trustworthiness
No full textThe efficiency of reputation in promoting cooperation relies on reputation accuracy. Yet, people often dishonestly upgrade their reputation for potential benefits. To date, it remains unclear whether reputation-based cooperation would break down when reputation systems contain cues of dishonest reputation upgrading and whether trust and perceived trustworthiness could explain this effect. We addressed these questions across three studies (total N = 643) using hypothetical scenarios and incentivized games. In each study, participants interacted with high- and low-reputation targets with or without exposure to cues of dishonest reputation upgrading. Overall, compared to the baseline condition, dishonest reputation upgrading cues undermine cooperation with high-reputation targets, which was explained by lower trust and perceived trustworthiness in these targets. These findings suggest that reputation becomes a less reliable cue for cooperative decisions in reputation systems tainted by dishonest upgrading, reducing the trustworthiness of high-reputation targets and their attractiveness for cooperation.</p
Exploring Individual Differences in Interoception Among Athletes Based on a Three-Dimensional Construct of Interoception
No full textPrevious studies demonstrated that sensorimotor training enhances interoceptive abilities. Athletes are highly engaged in performance-driven physical training and often incorporate-to varying degrees-sensorimotor training into their routines. In this study, we investigated the role of individual differences in interoception by comparing professional athletes of different performance levels and both sexes with recreational athletes and controls, applying a three-dimensional model of interoception. Twenty-six elite athletes, 52 recreational athletes, and 50 college students were recruited from national sports teams, local sports training centers, and local universities. We used the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoperative Awareness (MAIA), the Heartbeat Detecting Task (HDT), and a numeric rating scale based on HDT to measure interoceptive sensibility, accuracy, and awareness. At average, athletes showed significantly higher interoceptive sensibility, interoceptive accuracy, and interoceptive awareness than controls. Elite athletes reported significantly higher scores in all measures of interception compared to recreational athletes. Intriguingly, Non-Distracting for interoceptive sensibility was positively correlated with the level of experience in elite athletes. Male athletes had better interoceptive sensibility and interoceptive awareness compared to female athletes in the elite group, while no significant sex differences were detected in the other two groups. These results indicated that level of sport experience and sex are associated with differences in interoceptive accuracy, interoceptive sensibility, and interoceptive awareness. It also suggests that interoceptive ability is possibly an experience-dependent trait for athletic performance, which provides insight for improving sports performance through an approach of enhancing interoceptive ability. </p
Parafoveal grouping of characters facilitates encoding of morphological hierarchical structure during sentence reading
No full textThe types and priority of parafoveal information processing is relevant to theoretical debates on reading. Whether readers make use of high-level linguistic features such as semantics and morphology in the parafoveal vision during reading has been debated. Some recent studies on agglutinative languages such as Uighur and Finnish have demonstrated that saccades can be affected by morphological structure. However, the underlying mechanism of such morphological influences has not been determined completely. In the current study, participants read three-character Chinese compound words embedded in sentences. The target words differed in their morphological hierarchical structure and were preceded by parafoveally presented pseudo-word primes whose grouping patterns were either consistent or inconsistent with the morphological hierarchical structure of the target word. Our results showed an influence of preview on first-fixation location, indicating that Chinese readers use the grouping information for saccade generation. More importantly, the readers processed the target words more briefly following consistent than inconsistent previews. The results suggest that parafoveal information influences subsequent foveal lexical processing, providing support to the notion that the processing of morphological hierarchical structure during Chinese sentence reading may occur early.</p
Cognitive impairments in chronic pain: a brain aging framework
No full textChronic pain (CP) not only causes physical discomfort but also significantly affects cognition. This review first summarizes emerging findings that reveal complex associations between CP and cognitive impairments, and then presents neuroimaging evidence showing aging-related brain alterations in CP and proposes a framework where accelerated brain aging links CP to cognitive impairments. This framework explains how CP-related multi-level factors, which either contribute to the onset of CP or arise as a result of CP, influence brain aging in linear and nonlinear ways, leading to cognitive impairments and increased dementia risk. Leveraging interpretable machine learning and molecular brain atlases, this framework enables the development of cognitive risk assessment indicators and elucidates the biological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairments in CP.</p
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