Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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INTERRUPTED GOALS AND UNEXPECTED BONDS: HOW WORK INTRUSIONS IMPACT INTRUDER-DIRECTED BEHAVIORS
No full textWork intrusions, defined as unexpected encounters by others that disrupt recipients’ concentration and work flow, are ubiquitous in organizations. Although extensive research has explored their impacts on various work outcomes, it remains unclear how an employee who has been intruded upon will respond interpersonally to the intruding coworker. Drawing upon self-regulation theory, we theorize and test a within-person level model that links coworker intrusions to interpersonal behaviors through emotional and cognitive pathways. We also posit that this within-person process is moderated by perceived team goal interdependence at the between-person level. Results from a 2-week experience sampling study with 230 participants largely supported our hypotheses. Intrusions by a particular coworker were found to simultaneously trigger the recipient’s frustration and a sense of closeness with the intruder, leading to interaction avoidance and helping behavior towards the intruder, respectively. For employees who perceived their teams as highly goal interdependent, the indirect effect of intrusions on helping via closeness was less pronounced. Our study deepens the understanding of the social dynamics of work intrusions and offers a more balanced view of this phenomenon.</p
Sensing the beauty of interface: Neural oscillatory correlates of visual aesthetic judgment
No full textIt is critical for manufacturers to assess customers' aesthetic preferences for various interfaces. However, few studies on neural oscillations for aesthetic judgment have yielded inconsistent results. In this study, we explored the EEG oscillations linked to aesthetic judgments using interface materials (from aesthetic to medium and unaesthetic) along with corresponding scrambled images. Present findings showed that theta-band synchronization to interface were significantly higher for aesthetic interfaces than unaesthetic ones during 200-240 ms at the bilateral occipitotemporal electrodes. However, no significant differences in theta-band oscillations were observed between scrambled images of aesthetic and unaesthetic interfaces. During 250-300 ms, similar theta oscillation patterns were found only at the right occipitotemporal electrodes. Meanwhile, during 220-270 ms, aesthetic interfaces induced stronger alpha-beta desynchronization than unaesthetic ones at the left frontal electrodes, and still no such significant differences were observed in scrambled images. These EEG oscillations could serve as valuable real-time indicators for assessing individual aesthetic judgments.</p
The effect of time delay on young adults' prospective memory
No full textThis study examined the effect of time delay on prospective memory (PM) by manipulating the interval between encoding and retrieval of an event-based PM task. Seventy-four participants were randomly assigned to one of three delay conditions (immediate, 1-day, and 1-week) and were instructed on a classic dual event-based PM task during the first online experimental session. They were then asked to undertake the PM task after the designated delay period based on their assigned experimental condition in the second online session. Significant main effects of delay on PM performance (measured in terms of remembrance and accuracy) were found. Post hoc test results revealed that, when compared to the no-delay condition, the 1-week delay condition impacted both remembrance as well as accuracy of the PM task, while the 1-day delay condition affected only accuracy but not remembrance. This study provides a unique contribution to the PM literature by including longer delay intervals between PM encoding and retrieval to improve ecological validity. In future research, this factor should be considered when studying PM in different groups of participants, including children, older individuals, and clinical populations
The Effects of Facilitation and Inhibition During Multimodal Somatosensory Integration
No full textThe somatosensory system, including modalities such as touch, temperature, and pain, is essential for perceiving and interacting with the environment. When individuals encounter different somatosensory modalities, they interact through a process called multimodal somatosensory integration. This integration is essential for accurate perception, motor coordination, pain management, and adaptive behavior. Disruptions in this process can lead to a variety of sensory disorders and complicate rehabilitation efforts. However, research on the behavioral patterns and neural mechanisms underlying multimodal somatosensory integration remains limited. According to previous studies, multimodal somatosensory integration can result in facilitative or inhibitory effects depending on factors like stimulus type, intensity, and spatial proximity. Facilitative effects are observed primarily when stimuli from the same sensory modality (e. g., two touch or temperature stimuli) are presented simultaneously, leading to amplified perceptual strength and quicker reaction times. Additionally, certain external factors, such as cooling, can increase sensitivity to other sensory inputs, further promoting facilitative integration. In contrast, inhibitory effects may also emerge when stimuli from different sensory modalities interact, particularly between touch and pain. Under such conditions, one sensory input (e.g., vibration or non-noxious temperature stimulation) can effectively reduce the perceived intensity of the other, often resulting in reduced pain perception. These facilitative and inhibitory interactions are critical for efficient processing in a multi-stimulus environment and play a role in modulating the experience of somatosensory inputs in both normal and clinical contexts. The neural mechanisms underlying multimodal somatosensory integration are multi-tiered, encompassing peripheral receptors, the spinal cord, and various cortical structures. Facilitative integration relies on the synchronous activation of peripheral receptors, which transmit enhanced signals to higher processing centers. At the cortical level, areas such as the primary and secondary somatosensory cortex, through multimodal neuron responses, facilitate combined representation and amplification of sensory signals. In particular, the thalamus is a significant relay station where multisensory neurons exhibit superadditive responses, contributing to facilitation by enhancing signal strength when multiple inputs are present. Inhibitory integration, on the other hand, is mediated by mechanisms within the spinal cord, such as gating processes that limit transmission of competing sensory signals, thus diminishing the perceived intensity of certain inputs. At the cortical level, lateral inhibition within the somatosensory cortex plays a key role in reducing competing signals from non-target stimuli, enabling prioritized processing of the most relevant sensory input. This layered neural architecture supports the dynamic modulation of sensory inputs, balancing facilitation and inhibition to optimize perception. Understanding the neural pathways involved in somatosensory integration has potential clinical implications for diagnosing sensory disorders and developing therapeutic strategies. Future research should focus on elucidating the specific neural circuitry and mechanisms that contribute to these complex interactions, providing insights into the broader implications of somatosensory integration on behavior and cognition.
In summary, this review highlights the importance of multimodal somatosensory integration in enhancing sensory perception. It also underscores the need for further exploration into the neural underpinnings of these processes to advance our understanding of sensory integration and its applications in clinical settings
Multiple Risks and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms in Ethnic Regions of China: Analyses Using Cumulative Risk Model, Logistic Regression, and Association Rule Mining
No full textThe present study aimed to examine the relationship between multiple risk exposures in family and school settings and the depressive symptoms of Chinese students in early adolescence living in the ethnic regions of Yunnan and Hebei, China, via different multiple risk analytic approaches. A total of 2940 students (47.3% females) in grades 4 to 9 (Mage = 12.08, SD = 2.04) from ethnic minority counties in Yunnan and Hebei participated in the survey. The participants completed the questionnaires and reported family risk, school risk, depressive symptoms, and demographic information. The cumulative risk model and the individual multiple risk models with logistic regression/association rule mining were used to examine the effects of cumulative risk, the relative contributions of individual risks, and combinations of multiple risks. We found that (1) when a cumulative risk model was used, the associations between family cumulative risk and school cumulative risk on depressive symptoms were significant, but the cross-domain interaction effect was not significant. (2) The results of logistic regression indicated that high levels of family conflict, low levels of family cohesion, low levels of teacher support, and low levels of peer support were significantly correlated with a high risk for depression. (3) The results of association rule mining revealed meaningful associations between multiple risk factor combinations and depressive symptoms. In conclusion, the use of association rule mining enhanced the analyses and understanding of the effects of multiple risk exposures. Interpersonal stressors in family and school settings need to be addressed in depression prevention and intervention programs for adolescents.</p
Enhancing effects on memory for psychotherapy in people with anxiety via metaphor encoding of solutions and motivated retrieval of problem contexts
No full textThe psychotherapeutic memory is vital for sustaining the therapy's effect for longer, as it serves as a resource for coping with future mental distress. This study used "problem-solution" micro-counselling dialogues (MCDs) to investigate whether memory for psychotherapy in people with anxiety could be promoted by enhancing encoding and retrieval of memory. Experiment 1 examined whether metaphorical encoding of solutions could obtain better memory of solutions in people with anxiety. Experiment 2 examined whether high retrieval motivation (HRM) of problems could promote memory retrieval of solutions, especially metaphorical ones, compared with low retrieval motivation (LRM) in people with anxiety. The results revealed that (1) metaphorical encoding increased memory performance, with higher memory discrimination (d') and correct recognition numbers (CR) of solutions compared with literal solutions in both the anxious and healthy group. (2) High retrieval motivation increased memory performance only in anxious participants, with the d' of HRM higher than LRM and the d' of HRM in metaphorical solutions higher than literal ones. These results indicated optimal memory of psychotherapy for anxious individuals can be achieved by simultaneously employing metaphorical encoding of solutions and increasing the retrieval motivation of problems
Anxiety and Depression Among College Students Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown Lift: A Network Analysis Study Focus on the Transition Period
No full textSince the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, college students experienced changed campus life during the evolving pandemic restrictions. Anxiety and depression have become increasingly prevalent, leading to the necessity for further examining their relationship and comorbidity. This study used the network analysis to investigate the interaction and causal relationship in the anxiety-depression network among Chinese college students during the pandemic. A longitudinal survey with two specific points among 705 college students were conducted from 12 December to 30 December 2022 (lockdown period, T1), and from 8 February to 13 March 2023 (lockdown lift period, T2). Contemporaneous network and cross-lagged panel network (CLPN) analysis were conducted to examine the issue from both cross-sectional and longitudinal perspectives. Both contemporaneous networks exhibited extensive links between anxiety and depression symptoms. The key central symptom was "STAI16: [Not] content" at T1, and was "STAI15: [Not] relaxed" at T2. CLPN analysis suggested that "STAI15: [Not] relaxed" had the highest in-prediction, while "STAI13: Jittery" had the highest out-prediction. The strongest transdiagnostic prediction was from "BDI6: Punishment" to "STAI9: Frightened", and the bridge symptoms in both contemporaneous networks and CLPN included overlaps like "STAI11: [Not] self-confident" and "STAI14: Indecisive", which served as important symptoms contributing to anxiety-depression comorbidity. These findings provide new insights into the causal relationships between depression and anxiety before and after lockdown lift, shed light on the comorbidity factors, and provide support for targeted interventions to address mental health challenges faced by college students in public crisis
White matter abnormalities of the frontal-striatal-thalamic circuit in individuals with attenuated positive symptom syndromes: a probabilistic tractography study
No full textAttenuated positive symptoms syndrome (APSS) is a risk state preceding psychosis, and its early identification is key to early intervention. Previous studies have suggested that disturbances in the frontal-striatal-thalamic (FST) circuit may play a role in the neuropathology of APSS. However, the evidence regarding white matter structure remains fragmented. This study aimed to systematically investigate white matter (WM) alterations within the FST circuits in individuals with APSS. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and T1-weighted images were acquired from 43 individuals with APSS and 50 healthy controls (HCs). The dMRI data were preprocessed using FMRIB Software Library software. The Brainnetome Atlas was utilized to extract regions of interest (ROIs) in the frontal lobe, striatum, and thalamus. Bidirectional probabilistic tractography was performed to construct the FST circuit. The connection probability (CP) and diffusion index values were compared between the APSS and HC groups using the two-sample t test. Compared to HCs, individuals with APSS exhibited significantly lower CP values in right orbital gyrus_area 13- right nucleus accumbens (OrG_A13-NAC) fiber tract; higher mean diffusivity values in the left OrG_A13-NAC and left ventral caudate-left caudal temporal thalamus (vCa-cTtha) fiber tracts; higher radial diffusivity values in the right OrG_A13-NAC fiber tract; and higher axial diffusivity values in multiple frontal lobe ROI-striatum ROI and striatum ROI-thalamus ROI fiber tracts. Overall, individuals with APSS demonstrated white matter microstructural abnormalities, especially in the OrG_A13-NAC fiber tracts. These alterations may contribute to our understanding on the neuropathology of APSS.</p
CellMemory: hierarchical interpretation of out-of-distribution cells using bottlenecked transformer
No full textMachine learning methods, especially Transformer architectures, have been widely employed in single-cell omics studies. However, interpretability and accurate representation of out-of-distribution (OOD) cells remains challenging. Inspired by the global workspace theory in cognitive neuroscience, we introduce CellMemory, a bottlenecked Transformer with improved generalizability designed for the hierarchical interpretation of OOD cells. Without pre-training, CellMemory outperforms existing single-cell foundation models and accurately deciphers spatial transcriptomics at high resolution. Leveraging its robust representations, we further elucidate malignant cells and their founder cells across patients, providing reliable characterizations of the cellular changes caused by the disease.</p
Interactive effect of BDNF rs10835210 polymorphism and childhood maltreatment on cognitive functioning in Chinese male patients with methamphetamine use disorder
No full textBackground Patients with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) are known to experience cognitive dysfunction. Our previous study was the first to demonstrate the negative impact of childhood maltreatment (CM) on cognitive function in MUD patients. Extensive research has highlighted the crucial role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphisms in cognitive function. However, whether genetic variations in BDNF interact with environmental factors such as CM to influence cognition remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential interaction between BDNF gene polymorphism and CM in affecting cognitive function among MUD patients. Methods We recruited 558 MUD patients and 459 healthy controls, assessed cognitive function using the Repeated Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and CM using the Chinese version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) in all participants, and genotyped all patients and 158 healthy controls for the BDNF rs10835210 polymorphism. Results CM negatively affected cognitive performance in both MUD patients and healthy controls, especially in visuospatial/constructional abilities (HC: FDR p < 0.001), attention (HC: FDR p = 0.008; MUD: FDR p < 0.001), and RBANS total score (HC: FDR p < 0.001; MUD: FDR p = 0.006). Furthermore, a significant interaction between CM and the BDNF rs10835210 polymorphism on attention (FDR p = 0.006) was observed in MUD patients, but not in healthy controls. Post hoc analyses revealed that among carriers of the BDNF rs10835210 A allele, MUD patients with CM had lower RBANS attention scores (FDR p < 0.001) than those without CM. In contrast, no significant simple main effect of CM on RBANS attention was found among MUD patients carrying BDNF rs10835210 CC genotype. Conclusions Our findings suggest that CM impairs multiple aspects of cognitive function in MUD patients. Moreover, the BDNF gene rs10835210 polymorphism mediates the effect of CM on cognitive function in this population.</p
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