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Modelling toluene sorption in ionic liquid/metal organic framework composite materials
No full textToluene is a prevalent pollutant in indoor environments and its removal is essential to maintain a healthy environment. Adsorption is one of the best alternatives for organic vapours removal, specially at low indoor concentrations. Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and Ionic Liquids (ILs) are potential materials for this mean. In this work, the synthesis and application of IL/MOF composite materials for toluene removal is reported. Loading [BMIM][CH3COO] ionic liquid into MIL101 porous structure improves parent materials affinity towards toluene capture by two orders of magnitude (as Henry's constants, attesting to their synergy). MIL101(Cr) and absorption in [BMIM][CH3COO] IL is best described by Henry's Law, while the Langmuir adsorption model predicts toluene adsorption on [BMIM][CH3COO]/MIL101(Cr) better than Freundlich and Toth equations. Diffusional and kinetics models revealed that toluene diffusion is the rate limiting step for pristine MIL101. Kinetic and diffusion rates were systematically improved upon the incorporation of the ionic liquid due to shorter toluene hops with the adsorbed IL and the increased hydrophobicity in the composites making the sorption more favourable. This study provides a systematic analysis and modelling of the toluene capture process in IL/MOF composites aiding a better understanding of the sorption process in these novel materials
Effect of Zn Transition Layer on Properties of Vacuum Deposited Zn-Mg Coating
No full textAbstract
Zinc coatings have been served as a barrier and a galvanic protection for steel products for over a century. However, with the depletion of zinc resources, it becomes an urgent issue to obtain a new type of zinc coating that uses less zinc and has higher corrosion resistance. In order to develop Zn/ZnMg coatings with better corrosion resistance than traditional galvanized steel and suitable for advanced high strength steel, the vacuum thermal evaporation technique was used to simultaneously deposit Zn/ZnMg coating onto interstitial free steel plates and single-crystal silicon wafers in a high vacuum environment. The microstructure, morphology, adhesion and corrosion resistance behavior of the Zn/ZnMg coating were studied by scratch test, salt spray test and electrochemical method. The results shows that the grain size in the Zn/ZnMg coating tended to increase with the increase of the substrate temperature. After deposited the pure Zn transition layer, the adhesion of the coating has been obviously improved. When the substrate temperature was increased to 200°C, the obtained coating exhibited strong corrosion resistance
Porous multi-site ionic liquid composites for superior selective and reversible adsorption of ammonia
No full textIonic liquids (ILs) with low vapor pressure, tunable structures and good NH3 affinity provide an inspiring way to efficiently capture NH3. However, the high viscosity of most ILs limited mass transfer, which incumbers their industrial applications. Besides, how to simultaneously achieve high selectivity, capacity and reversibility of NH3 still face great challenge. Herein, four novel hydroxyl ammonium protic ILs (HAPILs), including methyl-diethanolammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([MDEAH][CF3SO3]), triethanolammonium tri-fluoromethanesulfonate ([TEAH][CF3SO3]), dimethylethanolammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([DMEAH] [CF3SO3]) and diethylethanolammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([DEEAH][CF3SO3]), with multiple hydrogen bonding donors that can interact with more over two NH3 molecules were designed and synthesized, and were further supported onto porous molecular sieves to overcome the above problem. Among the prepared porous HAPIL composites, 50 wt% [TEAH][CF3SO3]@MCM-41 showed the highest NH3/CO2 selectivity of 62 under 313 K and 0.1 MPa compared with the state-of-the-art values, along with high capacity of 114.3 mgNH3/g-adsorbent. The excellent NH3 adsorption performance was attributed to the synergistic interaction of mesoporous effect and multiple hydrogen bonding between NH3 and HAPILs. Furthermore, the porous HAPIL composites exhibited great recyclability after six cycles, revealing great potentials in industrial application of efficient and reversible NH3 separation
Extraction of valuable metals from minerals and industrial solid wastes via the ammonium sulfate roasting process: A systematic review
No full textThe concept of a "low-carbon economy" will drive the accelerated deployment of clean energy technologies, which, in turn, will lead to rapid growth in demand for metal resources. In addition to traditional mineral re-sources, industrial solid wastes commonly contain numerous valuable metals, however, owing to their complex composition, improper treatment may cause serious environmental pollution. Considering the requirement for sustainable development of society, there is an urgent need for a clean, efficient, economical, and sustainable technology for the extraction of valuable metals from various minerals (especially low-grade mineral resources and tailings) and industrial solid wastes. The ammonium sulfate roasting method has the advantages of high metal recovery, good reaction selectivity, environmental friendliness, and low energy consumption, which is a promising roasting technique. Nevertheless, its promotion is hampered by the absence of a comprehensive and systematic understanding. This article provides a comprehensive overview of recovering valuable metals from various minerals and industrial solid wastes by ammonium sulfate roasting, the mechanism of extracting valu-able metals is summarized, and the potential of the method is discussed. Furthermore, based on the above comprehensive discussion, future research is suggested to focus on improving the utilization of ammonium sulfate and the recovery of ammonia and sulfur. This technology provides new ideas for the effective treatment of low-grade mineral resources, tailings, and industrial solid wastes, and is of great significance to the clean pro-duction of society
A novel force balance model for predicting defluidization of ilmenite in a fluidized bed reactor
No full textIlmenite particles are readily defluidized when they are reduced in a fluidized bed reactor because nano-micro iron nuclei that precipitate on the particle surface are adhesive and tend to aggregate. We propose herein a novel force balance model with which to predict defluidization phenomena. This model is based on the particle cohesion force comprising the sum of the cohesion forces for surface asperities. As the surface coverage of iron particles increases with the extent of reduction, the cohesion forces of the particles gradually increase and eventually trigger defluidization. The surface coverage predicted by the model agrees well with experimental results for 88.4 - 154.7 mu m particles and the temperature range 700 - 850 degrees C. The new force balance model reveals that particle size, sphericity, and temperature play key roles in defluidization of ilmenite during reduction. Defluidization occurs readily for fine and irregular particles, especially at high temperatures. Our model combines asperity, surface coverage, and particle sphericity to make a more general prediction
Curcumin nanoparticles combined with 3D printed bionic tumor models for breast cancer treatment
No full textCompared with conventional therapeutic approaches, nanomedicines are attracting a growing interest due to their better targeting ability, higher delivery efficiency, and good water solubility. However, conventional drug efficacy assessment methods are based on a two-dimensional (2D) culture approach of single cells to obtain in vitro therapeutic effects, which may not be representative of actual tumors. Based on the above considerations, the three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models became a better choice since they can increase the complexity of in vitro systems and provide a biomimetic microenvironment that is closer to the in vivo native than 2D cultures. In our study, curcumin nanoparticle (CurNPs) with good water solubility and good tumor therapeutic effects were prepared by combining polymeric non-ionic surfactant (Pluronic F127) with curcumin. The hybrid scaffolds based on nano-clay, sodium alginate, and gelatin were also prepared, which showed good printability and excellent biocompatibility. We then studied the therapeutic effects of CurNPs on metastatic breast cancer using a 3D tumor model fabricated with scaffold-bound metastatic breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells. It was showed that the 3D cell model presented better cell proliferation effect while compared with 2D version. Additionally, there was good enhanced permeability and retention effect when CurNPs entered with better accumulate in 3D cell 'tumor' sites which represented more realistic response of a more real tumor treatment effect for breast cancer cells. Our study indicated that the combinational of nanomaterials with 3D cell 'tumor' models provided an alternative and better platform for drug screening and has great potential be used as safe and effective treatment screening for breast cancer
NAMPT encapsulated by extracellular vesicles from young adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells treated tendinopathy in a "One-Stone-Two-Birds" manner
No full textBackground Tendinopathy is the leading sports-related injury and will cause severe weakness and tenderness. Effective therapy for tendinopathy remains limited, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) have demonstrated great potential in tendinopathy treatment; however, the influence of aging status on EV treatment has not been previously described. Results In this study, it was found that ADMSCs derived from old mice (ADMSC(old)) demonstrated remarkable cellular senescence and impaired NAD+ metabolism compared with ADMSCs derived from young mice (ADMSC(young)). Lower NAMPT contents were detected in both ADMSCold and its secreted EVs (ADMSC(old)-EVs). Advanced animal experiments demonstrated that ADMSC(young)-EVs, but not ADMSC(old)-EVs, alleviated the pathological structural, functional and biomechanical properties in tendinopathy mice. Mechanistic analyses demonstrated that ADMSC(young)-EVs improved cell viability and relieved cellular senescence of tenocytes through the NAMPT/SIRT1/PPAR gamma/PGC-1 alpha path-way. ADMSC(young)-EVs, but not ADMSC(old)-EVs, promoted phagocytosis and M2 polarization in macrophages through the NAMPT/SIRT1/Nf-kappa b p65/NLRP3 pathway. The macrophage/tenocyte crosstalk in tendinopathy was influenced by ADMSC(young)-EV treatment and thus it demonstrated "One-Stone-Two-Birds " effects in tendinopathy treatment.Conclusions This study demonstrates an effective novel therapy for tendinopathy and uncovers the influence of donor age on curative effects by clarifying the detailed biological mechanism
Corrosion Behavior of Cobalt Oxide and Lithium Carbonate on Mullite-Cordierite Saggar Used for Lithium Battery Cathode Material Sintering
No full textMullite-cordierite ceramic saggar is a necessary consumable material used in the synthesis process of LiCoO2 that is easily eroded during application. In our study, we systematically investigated the characteristics and surface corrosion behavior of waste saggar samples. We divided the cross sections of waste saggar into the attached layer, hardened layer, permeability layer, and matrix layer. Then, we examined the high-temperature solid-state reactions between saggar powder and lithium carbonate or cobalt oxide to identify erosion reactants correlating with an increase in the number of recycled saggars. The results of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometric analysis (TOF-SIMS) prove that the maximum erosion penetration of lithium can reach 2 mm. However, our morphology and elemental distribution analysis results show that the erosion penetration of cobalt was only 200 mu m. When enough lithium carbonate reacted, lithium aluminate and lithium silicate were the main phases. Our X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) analysis results show that the change in phase volume before and after the reaction, including the generation of oxygen and carbon dioxide gas, led to the internal crack expansion of the material-saggar interface. Our results can contribute to improving saggar and upgrading waste saggar utilization technology
