Institutional Repository of Institute of Process Engineering, CAS (IPE-IR）
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Adsorption of phosphorus from eutrophic seawater using microbial modified attapulgite- cleaner production, remove behavior, mechanism and cost-benefit analysis
No full textA novel seawater phosphorus adsorption material (AT@SiB-X) has been developed through the modification of attapulgite (AT) by silicate bacteria (SiB-X) in this study, enabling efficient separation of phosphate from seawater. The phosphorus adsorption capacity of AT@SiB-X reached 9.54 mg/g, and its specific surface area and pore volume increased by 49.3-175.0 % and 12.5-47.4 %, respectively when compared with unmodified AT. Moreover, the SiB-X accelerated the decomposition of minerals and dissolution of metal elements (e.g., Ca, Mg, Al and Fe), resulting in a 16.7-fold increase in phosphorus adsorption. The adsorption process is controlled by multiple mechanisms, including electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, complexation, chemical precipitation, and physical adsorption. The path analysis suggested that both physical structure and chemical element release played a joint role in phosphorus adsorption. What's more, pore structure change of the material was the main mechanism affecting its adsorption capacity. The fixed bed column dynamically removed 98 % of phosphorus from mariculture wastewater, which achieved of 7.02 yen /ton wastewater treatment cost. The production cost of AT@SiB-X is about 2000 yen /ton, which is much lower than the current average market value of commercial adsorption materials (e.g., activated carbon). The experimental results demonstrated that the AT@SiB-X exhibited excellently in regeneration, which is resulted by the impressive adsorption efficiency and little pos-sibilities of overcrowding. Thus, it is highly feasible to achieve commercial application of microbially modified attapulgite
Fc effector of anti-A beta antibody induces synapse loss and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease-like mouse model
No full textPassive immunotherapy is one of the most promising interventions for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, almost all immune-modulating strategies fail in clinical trials with unclear causes although they attenuate neuropathology and cognitive deficits in AD animal models. Here, we showed that A beta-targeting antibodies including their lgG1 and lgG4 subtypes induced microglial engulfment of neuronal synapses by activating CR3 or Fc gamma RIIb via the complex of A beta, antibody, and complement. Notably, anti-A beta antibodies without Fc fragment, or with blockage of CR3 or Fc gamma RIIb, did not exert these adverse effects. Consistently, A beta-targeting antibodies, but not their Fab fragments, significantly induced acute microglial synapse removal and rapidly exacerbated cognitive deficits and neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice post-treatment, whereas the memory impairments in mice were gradually rescued thereafter. Since the recovery rate of synapses in humans is much lower than that in mice, our findings may clarify the variances in the preclinical and clinical studies assessing AD immunotherapies. Therefore, A beta-targeting antibodies lack of Fc fragment, or with reduced Fc effector function, may not induce microglial synaptic pruning, providing a safer and more efficient therapeutic alternative for passive immunotherapy for AD
Broadband solar-driven water evaporator based on organic hybrid bandgap and bio-mimetic interfaces
No full textOwing to the lightweight, flexibility, and molecular diversity, organic photothermal materials are considered promising solar absorbent materials for water-evaporating purification. Herein, we utilize the blend of two organic conjugated photothermal materials, PM6 and Y6, with broadband solar absorption from 350 to 1000 nm and high-efficiency photothermal properties to fabricate a Janus water evaporator on cellulose paper. Similar to the asymmetric wetting behavior on the lotus leaf, the evaporator shows efficient water adhesion on the bottom surface and water repellency on the top surface for a desirable self-floating capability and salt resistance. With a mass of only 0.5 mg per 3.14 cm(2), the PM6:Y6 blend-based water evaporator achieves 88.9% of solar thermal conversion efficiency (eta) and 1.52 kg m(-2) h(-1) of solar water evaporation rate (m) under 1.0 kW m(-2) solar irradiation. These properties are almost the best performance among purely organic water evaporators especially with such a premise of material saving. The concentrations of primary ions are significantly decreased by 4-6 orders after desalination, accompanied by excellent performance for wastewater treatment. This evaporator realizes a m of 1.21 kg m(-2) h(-1), a eta of 75.7%, and a voltage of 61 mV under one sun irradiation by assembling with a thermoelectric equipment. This study demonstrates that the blending of PM6 and Y6 achieves photothermal synergism, which improves the photothermal property and water evaporation rate, providing a valuable prospect for their application in water purification and thermoelectric power generation
Understanding the hydroxyl adsorption behavior at Pt electrode surface in high-temperature alkaline solutions
No full textSince the application in fuel cell, the electrochemical adsorption of hydroxyl has received considerable attention in recent years. While most research mainly focus on the room temperature, in this paper, the electrochemical adsorption of hydroxyl in alkaline solution at high temperature was investigated. An unusual oxidation peak was observed at -0.27 V, suggesting new behavior of hydroxyl adsorption occurred. As is known two kinds of cation hydrated clusters exist in alkaline solution, (H2O)X-1M'-H2O-OadH and (H2O)XM'-OadH. For K' and Cs', the cluster shows unstable structure due to the weak interaction between hydrated cation and OH- especially at high temperature. However, For Li', Na' the cluster structure would be stable, as the interaction force between the hydrated cation and OH- is so strong. It was revealed that the unusual oxidation peak has some relationship with the (H2O)X-1M'-H2O-OadH cluster (K' and Cs') absorbed at Pt electrode surface. When the temperature was raised, (H2O)X-1M'-H2O- and -OadH was disconnected, then the OadH absorbed at Pt surface got oxidated. Based on the SEM observation, it was showed the unusual electrochemical oxidation reaction would generate platinum oxides, blocking the reactive sites at Pt electrode surface, thus reducing the electrochemical reactivity of Pt electrode. Accordingly, parameters of alkaline concentration and temperature were systematically studied, it was found that increase temperature or alkaline concentration was in favor of the unusual oxidation reaction. This study provides more understanding of hydroxyl adsorption behavior at Pt electrode surface for the high temperature water solution environment. (c) 2022 The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China, and Chemical Industry Press Co., Ltd. All rights reserved
A new process to produce battery grade lithium carbonate from salt lake brines by purification, synergistic solvent extraction and carbon dioxide stripping
No full textThere are abundant lithium resources in China, and the demand for lithium salts is high. However, lithium re-sources of the sulfate salt lakes in Tibet, such as Baqiancuo Salt Lake, have not been effectively utilised. This study proposes a synergistic extraction system composed of LIX 54, TRPO, and surfactant ADD-1 for efficient lithium extraction from the brine and separation of impurities. The CO2 gas stripped lithium and produced high -purity lithium bicarbonate solution. Thermal decomposition produced lithium carbonate solid from the loaded strip solution. The comprehensive yield of lithium was higher than 95%, and the quality of the lithium carbonate product reached the battery chemical grade standard. This new process offers a new way for the utilisation of lithium resources in salt lakes
Characteristics of the particulate matter and its toxic substances from different stationary coal-fired sources
No full textCondensable particulate matter (CPM) and uncaptured fine filterable particulate matter (FPM) from various stationary coal-fired sources cause haze weather to harm human health. In this study, we measured the emissions of FPM, CPM, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from household stoves, small-capacity boilers, and industrial-scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers. CFB systems installed with dry and semidry flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems and ammonia-based NOx control systems (SCR/SNCR) emit lesser filterable PM but substantially higher CPM than household stoves and small-capacity boilers. The results indicate that these air emission control technologies have side effects on promoting the generation and emission of CPM, which is rich in (NH4)2SO4 and NH4HSO4. CFB boilers with wet FGD technology exhibit lower CPM emission, suggesting the positive effects of dissolving and absorbing of gypsum slurry on CPM emission. Various small coal-fired stoves burning different types of coal do not significantly affect CPM but the PAHs emissions. Based on the data of this investigation, we estimated the emission inventory of CPM from various stationary coal-fired sources, aiming to provide valuable insights into setting priorities for improving the atmospheric environment in China
Optical tuning and energy transfer of single-phase white-emitting Y3TaO7:Bi3+, Eu3+ for ultraviolet converted pc-WLED with high chromatic stability
No full textReabsorption and color drift at high temperature hinder the high-quality application of the phosphor -converted white light-emitting diodes (pc-WLEDs) devices, thus it is urgent to develop the single-phase white-emitting phosphors with good chromatic stability. In this work, a series of color-tunable Y3TaO7:Bi3+, Eu3+ phosphors are designed by co-doping Bi3+ and Eu3+ based on the crystal structure information and energy transfer principle between Bi3+ and Eu3+, which can be adjusted to achieve single-phase white emission. By increasing the temperature to a high value of 473 K, the emission peak of Bi3+ ions still present at 470 nm in Y3TaO7:Bi3+ phosphors even when the concentration of Bi3+ ions changes, and the characteristic emission peaks of Bi3+ and Eu3+ basically maintain unchanged throughout in Y3TaO7:Bi3+, Eu3+ phosphors. Finally, the single-phased Y3TaO7:Bi3+, Eu3+, 0.06Eu(3+) phosphor was employed with ultraviolet chip to produce a warm WLED device with color rendering index of 81.5, correlated color temperature of 4165 K and the Commission International de I ' Eclairage chromaticity coordinates of (0.3645, 0.3347). The results indicate that Y3TaO7:Bi3+, Eu3+ phosphors with high chromaticity stability have great application potential in full-spectrum WLEDs
Modulating Catalytic Activity and Stability of Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters as Peroxidase Mimics via Ligand Engineering
No full textMetal nanoclusters (NCs), composed of a metal core and protecting ligands, show promising potentials as enzyme mimics for producing fuels, pharmaceuticals, and valuable chemicals, etc. Herein, we explore the critical role of ligands in modulating the peroxidase mimic activity and stability of Au NCs. A series of Au15(SR)13 NCs with various thiolate ligands [SR = N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), 3-mercapto-propionic acid (MPA), or 3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoic acid (MMPA)] are utilized as model catalysts. It is found that Au15(NAC)13 shows higher structural stability than Au15(MMPA)13 and Au15(MPA)13 against external stimuli (e.g., pH, oxidants, and temperature) because of the intramolecular hydrogen bonds. More importantly, detailed enzymatic kinetics data show that the catalytic activity of Au15(NAC)13 is about 4.3 and 2.7 times higher than the catalytic activity of Au15(MMPA)13 and Au15(MPA)13, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the Au atoms on the motif of Au NCs should be the active centers, whereas the superior peroxidase mimic activity of Au15(NAC)13 should originate from the emptier orbitals of Au atoms because of the electron-withdrawing effect of acetyl amino group in NAC. This work demonstrates the ligand-engineered electronic structure and functionality of atomically precise metal NCs, which afford molecular and atomic level insights for artificial enzyme design