Institutional Repository of Institute of Process Engineering, CAS (IPE-IR）
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A Liquid Crystal Ionomer-Type Electrolyte toward Ordering-Induced Regulation for Highly Reversible Zinc Ion Battery
No full textNovel electrolyte is being pursued toward exploring Zn chemistry in zinc ion batteries. Here, a fluorine-free liquid crystal (LC) ionomer-type zinc electrolyte is presented, achieving simultaneous regulated water activity and long-range ordering of conduction channels and SEI. Distinct from water network or local ordering in current advances, long-range ordering of layered water channels is realized. Via manipulating water activity, conductivities range from approximate to 0.34 to 15 mS cm(-1), and electrochemical window can be tuned from approximate to 2.3-4.3 V. The Zn|Zn symmetric cell with LC gel exhibits highly reversible Zn stripping/plating at 5 mA cm(-2) and 5 mAh cm(-2) for 800 h, with retained ordering of water channels. The capability of gel for inducing in situ formation of long-range ordered layer SEI associated with alkylbenzene sulfonate anion is uncovered. V2O5/Zn cell with the gel shows much improved cycling stability comparing to conventional zinc electrolytes, where the preserved structure of V2O5 is associated with the efficiently stabilized Zn anode by the gel. Via long-range ordering-induced regulation on ion transport, electrochemical stability, and interfacial reaction, the development of LC electrolyte provides a pathway toward advancing aqueous rechargeable batteries
Corrosion Behavior of Cobalt Oxide and Lithium Carbonate on Mullite-Cordierite Saggar Used for Lithium Battery Cathode Material Sintering
No full textMullite-cordierite ceramic saggar is a necessary consumable material used in the synthesis process of LiCoO2 that is easily eroded during application. In our study, we systematically investigated the characteristics and surface corrosion behavior of waste saggar samples. We divided the cross sections of waste saggar into the attached layer, hardened layer, permeability layer, and matrix layer. Then, we examined the high-temperature solid-state reactions between saggar powder and lithium carbonate or cobalt oxide to identify erosion reactants correlating with an increase in the number of recycled saggars. The results of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometric analysis (TOF-SIMS) prove that the maximum erosion penetration of lithium can reach 2 mm. However, our morphology and elemental distribution analysis results show that the erosion penetration of cobalt was only 200 mu m. When enough lithium carbonate reacted, lithium aluminate and lithium silicate were the main phases. Our X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) analysis results show that the change in phase volume before and after the reaction, including the generation of oxygen and carbon dioxide gas, led to the internal crack expansion of the material-saggar interface. Our results can contribute to improving saggar and upgrading waste saggar utilization technology
A new and low-cost surface-functionalized corn straw adsorbent for adsorptive removal of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate: Adsorbent preparation and adsorption performance
No full textUtilization of greywater can relieve the pressure of water scarcity. However, the widespread presence of anionic surfactants in greywater poses threats to the environment and the health of the human and ecosystem. In this study, bioinspired polyethyleneimine-tannic acid (PEI-TA) complexes were innovatively used for coating of corn straw (CS) and the as-prepared PEI-TA modified CS (PEI-TA@CS) was applied for adsorptive removal of the commonly found sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) in greywater. The adsorption performance of the modified CS was maximized under the following optimized preparation conditions: 5 g/L of PEI concentration with molecular weight of 3000 Da, 0.5 g/L of TA concentration and 3 h of modification time. Investigation of the adsorption conditions showed that adsorption of SDBS on the adsorbent were pH-independent at pH <= 7 and the adsorption process reached equilibrium in about 3 h. The pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich model fit well the kinetic and isotherms data, respectively, and the nature of the adsorption was exothermic and spon-taneous. Mechanism analysis showed that the adsorption of SDBS was dominated by hydrophobic interactions. With a dosage of 100 mg, PEI-TA@CS could satisfactorily remove 94.95 % of SDBS from its aqueous solution (50 mg/L). Even in the complex synthetic greywater, the removal of SDBS still reached as high as 81.99 %. The overall results indicated that PEI-TA@CS has promising applications in the removal of anionic surfactants from greywater
Scalable Palladium-Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation of Conjugated Dienes
No full textThe Pd(cod)Cl2-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of conjugated dienes to beta,gamma-unsaturated esters was approached by both intramolecular phosphinesulfonate L1 and intermolecular PPh3/PTSA in this study. However, the poor solubility of the Pd/ L1 complex and the labile monodentate Pd/PPh3 structure restricts the system efficiency, especially for the scale-up application. By contrast, the stable and well-soluble bidentate Xantphos system allows for the quantitative formation of 3-pentenoate (96%) on a gram scale within 6 h in weakly alkaline N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), which also functions as a basic site to promote the rate-limiting alcoholysis step while reducing the dosage of ligand to a theoretical value
Confined Space and Heterojunction Dual Modulation of ZnO/ZnS for Boosting Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
No full textThe reduction of CO2 to chemical fuel driven by solar energy can not only meet the growing demand for renewable energy, but also balance the carbon cycle in nature. However, the current photocatalysts have low CO2 conversion due to their poor light capture ability, narrow light response range, and high recombination probability of photogenerated carriers. Herein, a heterogeneous photocatalyst of hollow structured ZnO/ZnS decorated with Pt nanoparticles is synthesized through the hydrothermal process and photodeposition method, showing excellent photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction in long-time stability and approximate to 100% CO selectivity, which can mainly contribute to natural enhanced light-capture ability of the hollow confined space due to multiple reflection and scattering of light in the cavity, thus improving separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers due to the type II junction constructed between ZnO and ZnS and the additional reaction active sites after decorating Pt nanoparticles in the surface of the hollow structure
Recovery of rare earths, lithium, and fluorine from rare earth molten salt electrolytic slag by mineral phase reconstruction combined with vacuum distillation
No full textA novel green method for the recovery of rare earths (REs), fluorine (F), and lithium (Li) from rare earth molten salt electrolytic slag (REMSES) was proposed and demonstrated by mineral phase reconstruction combined with vacuum distillation. Kinetic analysis revealed that the roasting process was controlled by the chemical interface reaction. Under the optimized conditions (roasting temperature of 600 degrees C, LiOH center dot H2O dosage coefficient of 1.1 times, and roasting time of 4 h), NdF3 and NdOF in the slag were almost completely converted to LiF and Ca2Nd8(SiO(4))6O(2). The removal rate of F and recovery rate of LiF were 99.98 % and 98.96 %, respectively, at 1100 degrees C and 10 Pa for 1 h, indicating that F could be effectively removed by vacuum distillation. The F and Li were recovered as LiF with a purity of 99.8 wt%, which could then be recycled in the molten salt electrolysis process for the preparation of RE metals. The leaching rate of TREO from distillation residue was 99.27 % using hydrochloric acid. This process not only successfully achieved the green and efficient recovery of REs, Li, and F from REMSES, but also eliminated environmental pollution caused by the release of F