Institutional Repository of Institute of Process Engineering, CAS (IPE-IR）
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CFD simulation of liquid holdup in a three-phase countercurrent turbulent contact absorber
No full textCFD study of a turbulent contact absorber (TCA) for Type I and Type II regimes is performed where Eulerian approach is used with closures from using Kinetic Theory of Granular Flow (KTGF). Liquid holdup (LHU), expanded bed height (EBH) and bed pressure drop were calculated to compare simulation results with experi-mental data. It is found that CFD can be used confidently to calculate these variables. EBH for Type I regime is more than Type II regime with increasing gas velocity. Slight increase in the EBH is noted with increase in liquid velocity for both regimes. LHU and pressure drop is remains almost constant for all gas velocity, but increases with increasing liquid velocity. It is concluded that the results of EBH, pressure drop, and LHU are in close agreement with the experimental findings. Simulation results are in better agreement with experiments as compared to the results predicted by relevant correlations
Bioactive Peptide Nanodrugs Based on Supramolecular Assembly for Boosting Immunogenic Cell Death-Induced Cancer Immunotherapy
No full textImmunogenic cell death (ICD)-induced immunotherapy holds promise for complete elimination and long-term protective immune responses against cancer by combining direct tumor cell killing and antitumor immune response. Some therapeutic approaches (such as hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, or radiotherapy) and inducers (certain chemotherapy drugs, oncolytic viruses) have been devoted to initiating and/or boosting ICD, leading to the activation of tumor-specific immune responses. Recently, supramolecular assembled bioactive peptide nanodrugs have been employed to improve the efficacy of ICD-induced cancer immunotherapy by increasing tumor targeted accumulation as well as responsive release of ICD inducers, directly inducing high levels of ICD and realizing the simultaneous enhancement of immune response through the immune function of the active peptide itself. Here, the authors review bioactive peptide nanodrugs based on supramolecular assembly, mainly as an intelligent delivery system, a direct ICD inducer and an immune response enhancer, for boosting ICD induced cancer immunotherapy. The functions of diverse bioactive peptides used in the construction of nanodrugs are described. The design of a supramolecular assembly, the mechanism of boosting ICD, and synergetic effects of bioactive peptides combined immunotherapy are critically emphasized
Bioactive Peptide Nanodrugs Based on Supramolecular Assembly for Boosting Immunogenic Cell Death-Induced Cancer Immunotherapy
No full textImmunogenic cell death (ICD)-induced immunotherapy holds promise for complete elimination and long-term protective immune responses against cancer by combining direct tumor cell killing and antitumor immune response. Some therapeutic approaches (such as hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, or radiotherapy) and inducers (certain chemotherapy drugs, oncolytic viruses) have been devoted to initiating and/or boosting ICD, leading to the activation of tumor-specific immune responses. Recently, supramolecular assembled bioactive peptide nanodrugs have been employed to improve the efficacy of ICD-induced cancer immunotherapy by increasing tumor targeted accumulation as well as responsive release of ICD inducers, directly inducing high levels of ICD and realizing the simultaneous enhancement of immune response through the immune function of the active peptide itself. Here, the authors review bioactive peptide nanodrugs based on supramolecular assembly, mainly as an intelligent delivery system, a direct ICD inducer and an immune response enhancer, for boosting ICD induced cancer immunotherapy. The functions of diverse bioactive peptides used in the construction of nanodrugs are described. The design of a supramolecular assembly, the mechanism of boosting ICD, and synergetic effects of bioactive peptides combined immunotherapy are critically emphasized
Particle tracking velocimetry study of the nonequilibrium characteristics of a fluidized bed
No full textThe nonequilibrium characteristic of fluidization is closely related to the mesoscale structures. To help uncover this relationship, we performed a particle-level experiment in a bubbling fluidized bed making particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) measurements. We found a large Knudsen number not only in bubbles or over bubble interfaces, but also in the dense emulsion where various banded structures exist, indicating a pervasive violation of the local equilibrium. Analysis of these banded structures identified stretching, compression, or shearing between particles. Non-Gaussian velocity distributions were found throughout the bed, including in the dense emulsion with a small Knudsen number. In future work, we expect that the nonequilibrium characteristic will act as a local criterion for the assessment of various models of bubbling fluidized beds
Gas-solid fluidization modification of calcium carbonate for high-performance poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) composites
No full textModifying biodegradable poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) plastic with inorganic fillers is critical for improving its overall performance, lowering the costs, and expanding its application scope. The chemical modification method for the inorganic filler determines the application performance of PBAT composites. In this work, gas-solid fluidization method was developed as a simple, efficient, and scalable strategy for chemically modifying CaCO3 filler. The modified CaCO3 filler was mixed with PBAT and melt extruded to prepare biodegradable PBAT/CaCO3 composites. The characterization results show that gas-solid fluidization method combines the traditional wet modification method's excellent modification effect with the scalability of the traditional dry modification method. The effects of modification methods and amount of CaCO3 filling on the crystallinity, mechanical, and rheological properties of PBAT/CaCO3 composites were compared. The results demonstrated that PBAT/CaCO3 composites containing 30% gas-solid fluidization modified CaCO3 could still maintain excellent overall performance. As a result, this work provides a simple, efficient, and scalable method for chemically modifying inorganic fillers and preparing biodegradable composites
Sulfidated microscale zero-valent iron/reduced graphene oxide composite (S-mZVI/rGO) for enhanced degradation of trichloroethylene: The role of hydrogen spillover
No full textAtomic hydrogen (H*) has long been thought to play an important role in the dechlorination of trichloroethylene (TCE) by carbon-supported zero-valent iron (ZVI), which offers an alternative pathway for TCE dechlorination. Herein, we demonstrate that the reductive dechlorination of TCE by sulfidated microscale ZVI (S-mZVI) can be further enhanced by promoting the formation of H* through the introduction of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The completely degradation of 10 mg/L TCE can be achieved by S-mZVI/rGO within 24 h, which was 3.3 times faster than that of S-mZVI. The change in the distribution of TCE degradation products over time suggests that the introduction of rGO leads to a change in the dechlorination pathway. The percentage of ethane in the final products of TCE degradation by S-mZVI/rGO was 34.3 %, while that of S-mZVI was only 21.9 %. The electrochemical tests confirmed the occurrence of hydrogen spillover in the S-mZVI/rGO composite, which promoted the reductive dechlorination of TCE by H*. Although the S-mZVI/rGO composite had stronger hydrogen evolution propensity than S-mZVI, the S-mZVI/rGO composite still exhibited higher electron utilization efficiency than S-mZVI thanks to the increased utilization of hydrogen
In-situ fabrication of Si/FeSi2@C NPs with volume control effect by fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition as anode materials
No full textSilicon (Si) has been proven to be the most potential anode material for the next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its superior theoretical capacity (similar to 4200 mAh g-1). However, the huge volume changes, unstable solid-state interphase (SEI) layers, and large internal stresses upon the lithiation process severely limit the practical application for commercial LIBs anodes. Herein, we fabricate the carbon-coated Si/FeSi2 nanoparticles (Si/FeSi2 @C NPs) with volume control effect by fluidized bed chemical vapor de-position (FBCVD) method to solve the above-mentioned problems. These 15 min-Si/FeSi2 @C NPs and 30 min-Si/FeSi2 @C NPs show excellent Li+ storage capacity in the first cycle (2705.9/3039.1 mAh g-1 and 2645.9/2984.2 mAh g-1) with high Initial Coulombic Efficiency (ICE) of similar to 89.0% and 88.7%. In-situ TEM characterization demonstrates that the carbon coating layer and inert FeSi2 phase enable a small volume variation, only similar to 37.8%, revealing the effective volume expansion control effect, and generating thin SEI layers. Besides, the perfect structure of Si/FeSi2 @C NPs makes this material a great improvement in rate performance.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Multi-process and multi-pollutant control technology for ultra-low emissions in the iron and steel industry
No full textThe iron and steel industry is not only an important foundation of the national economy, but also the largest source of industrial air pollution. Due to the current status of emissions in the iron and steel industry, ultra-low pollutant emission control technology has been researched and developed. Liquid-phase proportion control technology has been developed for magnesian fluxed pellets, and a blast furnace smelting demonstration project has been established to use a high proportion of fluxed pellets (80%) for the first time in China to realize source emission reduction of SO2 and NOx. Based on the characteristics of high NOx concentrations and the coexistence of multiple pollutants in coke oven flue gas, low-NOx combustion coupled with multi-pollutant cooperative control technology with activated carbon was developed to achieve efficient removal of multiple pollutants and resource utilization of sulfur. Based on the characteristics of co-existing multiple pollutants in pellet flue gas, selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) coupled with ozone oxidation and spray drying adsorption (SDA) was developed, which significantly reduces the operating cost of the system. In the light of the high humidity and high alkalinity in flue gas, filter materials with high humidity resistance and corrosion resistance were manufactured, and an integrated pre-charged bag dust collector device was developed, which realized ultra-low emission of fine particles and reduced filtration resistance and energy consumption in the system. Through source emission reduction, process control and end-treatment technologies, five demonstration projects were built, providing a full set of technical solutions for ultra-low emissions of dust, SO2, NOx, SO3, mercury and other pollutants, and offering technical support for the green development of the iron and steel industry. (c) 2022 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V