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Separation of chitin from shrimp shells enabled by transition metal salt aqueous solution and ionic liquid
No full textChitin is a widely used important industrial polymer mainly from shrimp shells, but its commercial preparation is under the great challenge of serious pollution due to the requirement of HCl and NaOH. Herein, we demonstrated that high purity chitin can be obtained from waste shrimp shells (WSSs) by cascade separation with transition metal salt aqueous solution and ionic liquid (IL). Firstly, calcium carbonate of WSSs was effectively removed in the metal salt aqueous solution driven by the ion exchange interaction. Subsequently, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) had bifunctional abilities to remove residual protein and introduced metal salts simultaneously by hydrogen bonding and coordination interactions. The key experimental factors affecting the separation process were systematically studied, including the type of metal salts, temperature, and [Bmim]Cl loading. After sequential treatment with a 20% (mass) NiSO4 aqueous solution at 130 degrees C and [Bmim]Cl at 150 degrees C, the purity of a-chitin can be up to 96.5% (mass) that meets commercial requirements. The use of metal salts with higher coordination ability makes the preparation of chitin no longer depend on the commonly acid-base reaction, which is conducive to the preservation of chitin structure.(c) 2022 The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China, and Chemical Industry Press Co., Ltd. All rights reserved
Review of explainable machine learning for anaerobic digestion
No full textAnaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising technology for recovering value-added resources from organic waste, thus achieving sustainable waste management. The performance of AD is dictated by a variety of factors including system design and operating conditions. This necessitates developing suitable modelling and optimi-zation tools to quantify its off-design performance, where the application of machine learning (ML) and soft computing approaches have received increasing attention. Here, we succinctly reviewed the latest progress in black-box ML approaches for AD modelling with a thrust on global and local model interpretability metrics (e.g., Shapley values, partial dependence analysis, permutation feature importance). Categorical applications of the ML and soft computing approaches such as what-if scenario analysis, fault detection in AD systems, long-term operation prediction, and integration of ML with life cycle assessment are discussed. Finally, the research gaps and scopes for future work are summarized
A novel bioelectrochemical strategy for efficient treatment of saline-alkaline and oligotrophic sulfate wastewater mediated by bacterial electron shuttling
No full textSulfate-rich wastewater from industrial processes with the characteristics of high salinity, high pH and oligonutrition is difficult to be treated by traditional anaerobic process. In this study, a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) coupled with electroactive haloalkaliphilic sulfate reducing bacteria was applied to sulfate removal for the first time in an extreme environment (0.83 M Na+ and pH 9.7). In the anode, bacteria as electron shuttles and sulfide-driven continuous electron donors as exogenous electrons provided to cathodic sulfate removal. After several months of electrical acclimation and adaptation, the electroactive microorganisms in the bipolar showed more electrical activity than expected. When the potential was controlled at 0.3 V (vs Ag/AgCl), the maximum current density reached 3753 mA/m2, and the maximum sulfate removal rate and electron utilization efficiency reached to 85.9 % and 88 %, respectively, which were higher than the traditional bioelectrochemical methods. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence alignment showed that the Desulfurivibrio AMeS2 was dominant on the anode electrode, and a large number of similar conductive flagella were observed, which indicated that it was likely to have the function of transferring electrons to the outside of the cell. The dominance of the genus, Desulfonatronovibrio, in the biofilm on the cathode electrode implied that it might realize the reduction of sulfate by accepting external electrons under malnutrition condition, and might be a candidate bacterium for sulfate removal in extreme industrial wastewater. This bioelectrochemical technology combined with extremophile electroactive microorganisms provides a new strategy to make up for the deficiencies of traditional treatments
Efficient ethylene/ethane separation by rare earth metal-containing ionic liquids in N,N-dimethylformamide
No full textMetal-containing ionic liquids (MILs) have been considered as promising solvents for ethylene/ethane (C2H4/ C2H6) separation. With multiple 4f and 5d empty electronic orbitals, special electronic configuration and abundant electron energy levels, rare earth elements have potential to be great electron acceptor of C2H4. Herein, a new strategy of rare earth metal ionic liquids (REMILs), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tri-fluoromethanesulfonate containing erbium ([Bmim][TFO]/Er(TFO)3) in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was exploited to separate C2H4/C2H6 for the first time. The complexation between Er3+ and C2H4 and interactions in absorbents were adopted to achieve fast and selective C2H4 absorption. The physical properties of the absorbents were measured and studied firstly. The addition of 20 wt% DMF in REMILs was optimized with a decrease in viscosity of 6-7 times at 293 K. The absorption parameters, such as Er3+ concentration, temperature and regeneration of absorbents were also investigated systematically. The results showed that the selectivity of C2H4/ C2H6 was enhanced with increasing Er3+ concentration. The solubility of C2H4 in [Bmim][TFO]/Er(TFO)3 + 20 wt% DMF was 0.95 mg/g with C2H4/C2H6 selectivity of 10 (at 303 K, 0.1 MPa), much higher than that of conventional ILs. The interaction energy (Delta E) of Er3+-C2H4 was more negative than Er3+-C2H6 through density functional theory (DFT). Furthermore, the rare earth absorbents exhibited excellent reversibility after five cycles. In summary, this work provides a potential method for efficient separating C2H4/C2H6 via REMILs in DMF solution
Design and synthesis of high-silicon silicon suboxide nanowires by radio-frequency thermal plasma for high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes
No full textSilicon monoxide (SiO) is one of the most promising anode materials due to its high capacity and improved cycle stability. The lithium silicates (LixSiOy) and lithium oxide (Li2O) formed during the first lithiation can serve as a buffer matrix to restrain the volume change of internal silicon (Si), however, which also lows the initial coulombic efficiency (ICE). High-silicon silicon suboxide (SiOx) seems desirable due to the generation of less but enough LixSiOy/Li2O matrix. However, it is challenging to verify that all Si is protected by the matrix. In this work, SiO0.4 nanowires with Si shielded by SiOx are synthesized using thermal plasma. The interwoven structure composites of carbon-coated SiO0.4 and carbon nanotubes (SiO0.4/CNTs@C) are then synthesized. As an elec-trode with a high loading of 2.2 mg cm-2, SiO0.4/CNTs@C shows a 12.7 % increase in ICE (81.9 %) and a 34.6 % increase in capacity (1993 mAh/g/4.4 mAh cm-2 at 0.2 A/g for 300 cycles) in comparison to SiO1/CNTs@C. SiO0.4/CNTs@C also shows outstanding high-rate cycle performance (1440 mAh/g at 3.0A/g for 2000 cycles). Significantly, when 5 wt% SiO0.4/CNTs@C is added as an additive to commercial graphite (Gr), the capacity of a standard LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2//Gr 18,650 battery improves by 20.6 %
