Institutional Repository of Institute of Process Engineering, CAS (IPE-IR）
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Catalytic template assisted interfacial polymerization for high-performance acid-resistant membrane preparation
No full textHighly permeable acid-resistant nanofiltration (NF) membranes are of critical significance for the efficient treatment of acidic streams. Enhancing permeability while maintaining the high solute rejection of acid-resistant NF membranes remains a great challenge due to the low reactivity of monomers. In this work, a novel catalytic template assisted interfacial polymerization (IP) strategy of 3-aminobenzenesulfonamide (ABSA) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) was provided to prepare a poly(amide-sulfonamide) membrane. Aminopyridine doped graphene quantum dots rich in acylation catalytic sites and ZIF-8 nanoparticles are co-loaded on a substrate as template. Benefiting from the enhanced phase integrity and self-inhibition effect of the template assisted IP process, the resulting ultra-thin acid-resistant membrane exhibits an excellent water permeance (20.4 Lm(-2)h(-1)bar(-1)) with a high Na2SO4 rejection of 90.5%, which outperforms almost all the reported acid-resistant NF membranes. Our work paves a versatile way for synthesis of special separation membranes
Densification behavior and properties of Li4SiO4 ceramic breeder with the addition of SiC as a sintering aid
No full textLithium orthosilicate (Li4SiO4) is regarded as a vital tritium breeder candidate due to its favorable properties, such as high lithium contents, superior tritium release behavior, and irradiation stability. However, the poor crushing load and low thermal conductivity of the Li4SiO4 ceramic pebbles fabricated via existing methods will lead to the blocking of the tritium release channels, giving rise to thermal stress concentration. To overcome the above shortcomings, the SiC was employed as sintering aid to improve Li4SiO4 ceramic pebbles via simple wet method in this paper. The effects of SiC content on the shrinkage, internal structure evolution, and crushing load of the Li4SiO4 ceramic pebbles are comprehensively investigated, and the densification process is analyzed in detail. It was found that the addition of SiC improves the crushing load (54 N) significantly owing to decreasing the densification activation energy. Moreover, the Li4SiO4 ceramic pebbles with excess Li2CO3 further displays excellent properties at 800 degrees C, such as the relative density of 90.3%, the crushing load of 65.3 N, and the thermal conductivity of 1.97 W/(m.K) respectively, which is much higher than that of traditional methods (at least 1000 degrees C). The Li4SiO4 ceramic pebbles with homogeneous micro-pore distribution, the porosity of 7.3% were further measured by using the X-ray computer tomography technique. Therefore, this proposed tactic has great prospects for the service performance of tritium breeding materials in the blanket
Densification behavior and properties of Li4SiO4 ceramic breeder with the addition of SiC as a sintering aid
No full textLithium orthosilicate (Li4SiO4) is regarded as a vital tritium breeder candidate due to its favorable properties, such as high lithium contents, superior tritium release behavior, and irradiation stability. However, the poor crushing load and low thermal conductivity of the Li4SiO4 ceramic pebbles fabricated via existing methods will lead to the blocking of the tritium release channels, giving rise to thermal stress concentration. To overcome the above shortcomings, the SiC was employed as sintering aid to improve Li4SiO4 ceramic pebbles via simple wet method in this paper. The effects of SiC content on the shrinkage, internal structure evolution, and crushing load of the Li4SiO4 ceramic pebbles are comprehensively investigated, and the densification process is analyzed in detail. It was found that the addition of SiC improves the crushing load (54 N) significantly owing to decreasing the densification activation energy. Moreover, the Li4SiO4 ceramic pebbles with excess Li2CO3 further displays excellent properties at 800 degrees C, such as the relative density of 90.3%, the crushing load of 65.3 N, and the thermal conductivity of 1.97 W/(m.K) respectively, which is much higher than that of traditional methods (at least 1000 degrees C). The Li4SiO4 ceramic pebbles with homogeneous micro-pore distribution, the porosity of 7.3% were further measured by using the X-ray computer tomography technique. Therefore, this proposed tactic has great prospects for the service performance of tritium breeding materials in the blanket
Broadband solar-driven water evaporator based on organic hybrid bandgap and bio-mimetic interfaces
No full textOwing to the lightweight, flexibility, and molecular diversity, organic photothermal materials are considered promising solar absorbent materials for water-evaporating purification. Herein, we utilize the blend of two organic conjugated photothermal materials, PM6 and Y6, with broadband solar absorption from 350 to 1000 nm and high-efficiency photothermal properties to fabricate a Janus water evaporator on cellulose paper. Similar to the asymmetric wetting behavior on the lotus leaf, the evaporator shows efficient water adhesion on the bottom surface and water repellency on the top surface for a desirable self-floating capability and salt resistance. With a mass of only 0.5 mg per 3.14 cm(2), the PM6:Y6 blend-based water evaporator achieves 88.9% of solar thermal conversion efficiency (eta) and 1.52 kg m(-2) h(-1) of solar water evaporation rate (m) under 1.0 kW m(-2) solar irradiation. These properties are almost the best performance among purely organic water evaporators especially with such a premise of material saving. The concentrations of primary ions are significantly decreased by 4-6 orders after desalination, accompanied by excellent performance for wastewater treatment. This evaporator realizes a m of 1.21 kg m(-2) h(-1), a eta of 75.7%, and a voltage of 61 mV under one sun irradiation by assembling with a thermoelectric equipment. This study demonstrates that the blending of PM6 and Y6 achieves photothermal synergism, which improves the photothermal property and water evaporation rate, providing a valuable prospect for their application in water purification and thermoelectric power generation
Ce3+:Lu3Al5O12-Al2O3 optical nanoceramic scintillators elaborated via a low-temperature glass crystallization route
No full textTransparent Ce:lutetium aluminum garnet (Ce: Lu3Al5O12, Ce:LuAG) ceramics have been regarded as potential scintillator materials due to their relatively high density and atomic number (Z(eff)). However, the current Ce:LuAG ceramics exhibit a light yield much lower than the expected theoretical value due to the inevitable presence of Lu-Al antisite defects at high sintering temperatures. This work demonstrates a low-temperature (1100 degrees C) synthetic strategy for elaborating transparent LuAG-Al2O3 nanoceramics through the crystallization of 72 mol% Al2O3-28 mol% Lu2O3 (ALu28) bulk glass. The biphasic nanostructure composed of LuAG and Al2O3 nanocrystals makes up the whole ceramic materials. Most of Al2O3 is distributed among LuAG grains, and the rest is present inside the LuAG grains. Fully dense biphasic LuAG-Al2O3 nanoceramics are highly transparent from the visible region to mid-infrared (MIR) region, and particularly the transmittance reaches 82% at 780 nm. Moreover, Lu-Al antisite defect-related centers are completely undetectable in X-ray excited luminescence (XEL) spectra of Ce:LuAG-Al2O3 nanoceramics with 0.3-1.0 at% Ce. The light yield of 0.3 at% Ce:LuAG-Al2O3 nanoceramics is estimated to be 20,000 ph/MeV with short 1 mu s shaping time, which is far superior to that of commercial Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) single crystals. These results show that a low-temperature glass crystallization route provides an alternative approach for eliminating the antisite defects in LuAG-based ceramics, and is promising to produce garnet-based ceramic materials with excellent properties, thereby meeting the demands of advanced scintillation applications
A blade-like CoZn metal organic framework-based flexible quasi-solid Zn-ion battery
No full textWearable flexible electronics has become more and more significant and popular in daily life. Here, a flexible quasi-solid Zn-ion battery consisting of CoZn-metal organic frameworks (MOFs) grown on carbon cloth as an all-in-one cathode working with a hydrogel electrolyte is developed. CoZn MOFs display a blade-like morphology, which is significant for rapid transfer of ions and electrons. The battery bending at angles from 0 degrees to 180 degrees displays high capacities and good capacity retention, and the capacity remains stable as the flexible battery twists to 90 degrees. In addition, the capacity exceeds 101.4 mA h g(-1) as the battery is folded to 180 degrees for 30 times, which indicates that the developed Zn-ion batteries would be applicable for a large variety of wearable devices such as foldable cellphones and pads
Ionic liquid crystal electrolytes: Fundamental, applications and prospects
No full textCurrent available organic liquid electrolytes of electrochemical energy devices lead to fast performance degra-dation and even combustion. Such challenges call for the development of advanced electrolytes with remarkable safety and electrochemical performances. Via integrating the merits of ionic liquids and liquid crystals, the emerging ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) enable the feasibility of design, manipulation of defined ion transport channels through modulated nanosegregated structures, and the high operational safety. Previous reviews rarely focus on the ion conductive and working mechanisms of ILC electrolytes in energy storage and conversion de-vices, which are critical for the development of superior electrolytes. Hence, our review is oriented to construct a key scheme of component-(micro)structure-fundamental-properties-electrochemical interaction of ILC electro-lytes for energy storage applications. Especially, the ion transportation mechanism and working principles of ILC electrolytes are comprehensively summarized to highlight their ion redistribution ability and high stability. Moreover, the challenges and design rules of ILC electrolytes are outlined to thrill their development in energy storage fields