Institutional Repository of Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences(IHNS OpenIR,中国科学院自然科学史研究所机构知识库)
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Holocene fluctuations in vegetation and human population demonstrate social resilience in the prehistory of the Central Plains of China
No full textAbstractArchaeologists and palaeoclimatologists have focused on the impact of climate on the prehistoric civilizations around the world; however, social resilience in the face of the climate change remains unclear, especially during the Neolithic and Bronze Age in the Central Plains of China (CPC). In this paper, we present palynological results from the Dahecun Core, Henan Province, China. Our pollen data indicate a warm and wet climate condition from 9200 to 4000 cal BP, which then switches to a cool and dry climatic condition during the Neolithic-Bronze Age transition (～4000–3600 cal BP). We analyze 14C dates from archaeological sites to demonstrate four episodes of population increase and present vegetation dynamics, determined from available pollen data, to provide evidence for the synchronous shifts in vegetation and human population during the Neolithic. Our results indicate that the aridification in the early Bronze Age did not cause population collapse, highlighting the importance of social resilience to climate change. The pollen, radiocarbon dates and archaeobotanical records from the CPC provides new evidence that supports the claim that the development of agriculture and complex societies, under the stress of a dry climate, set the stage for the dramatic increase of human population around 3800–3400 cal BP
Holocene fluctuations in vegetation and human population demonstrate social resilience in the prehistory of the Central Plains of China
No full textAbstract
Archaeologists and palaeoclimatologists have focused on the impact of climate on the prehistoric civilizations around the world; however, social resilience in the face of the climate change remains unclear, especially during the Neolithic and Bronze Age in the Central Plains of China (CPC). In this paper, we present palynological results from the Dahecun Core, Henan Province, China. Our pollen data indicate a warm and wet climate condition from 9200 to 4000 cal BP, which then switches to a cool and dry climatic condition during the Neolithic-Bronze Age transition (～4000–3600 cal BP). We analyze 14C dates from archaeological sites to demonstrate four episodes of population increase and present vegetation dynamics, determined from available pollen data, to provide evidence for the synchronous shifts in vegetation and human population during the Neolithic. Our results indicate that the aridification in the early Bronze Age did not cause population collapse, highlighting the importance of social resilience to climate change. The pollen, radiocarbon dates and archaeobotanical records from the CPC provides new evidence that supports the claim that the development of agriculture and complex societies, under the stress of a dry climate, set the stage for the dramatic increase of human population around 3800–3400 cal BP
Understanding the Unmet Needs among Community-Dwelling Disabled Older People from a Linkage Perspective
No full textOne of the challenges in response to population aging is to meet needs for elderly care among older people especially for those who want to age in their homes or communities. However, disabled older people have more challenges due to their restricted mobility to access care resources than non-disabled ones. We propose a new framework based on the changing relationship between older people and their environment, in which resource linkage in elderly care utilization is emphasized. We conducted a survey with 139 participants (i.e., older people age 60 years or over with different level of disabilities) in three types of neighborhoods in Beijing, China. By conducting a decision tree analysis under the Person-Environment Link (P-E Link) model, we (1) characterized unmet needs for elderly care (activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) assistance) among community-dwelling disabled older people; (2) found disabled older people had more unmet needs for both ADL and IADL assistance because of a lack in linkages to care resources than non-disabled ones; and (3) characterized the linkages to care resources for better supporting disabled older people to age in place, including family support, social connection, and spatial environment. Our findings help improve the Anderson behavioral model by characterizing enabling environments, which highlights that not only the availability of enabling resources but also linkages to these enabling resources play an important role in meeting needs for care among disabled older people. Our findings can also inform improvements in policy design that are targeted to reduce elderly care inequalities
Key Risks and Development Strategies for China's High-End Medical Equipment Innovations
No full textObjective: Sufficient amounts of basic medical materials and high-end medical equipment are required for epidemics. This study aims to investigate and determine the key risks and main factors influencing China's high-end medical equipment innovations using a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) matrix. Then, on the basis of findings and relevant literature concerning the development of China's high-end medical equipment in recent years, especially during the COVID-19 period, we put forward strategies for the development of and innovations in high-end medical equipment for China, based on an analytic network process ANP-SWOT model. Methods: In this study, a comprehensive ANP-SWOT analysis model was selected to examine the current state of development of the high-end medical equipment innovation industry in China. First, a SWOT model was used to comprehensively analyze the internal and external factors influencing the development of the industry. Then, an ANP network structure was designed to accurately reflect the relationships among the influencing factors. Subsequently, weights for the influencing factors were determined according to the importance of the factors, and alternative choices for China's strategy for high-end medical equipment innovation were presented. Results: The results revealed that the essential features of the best strategy for the innovation and development of China's high-end medical equipment industry were as follows: first, speeding up the construction and improvement of a technological innovation system that is enterprise-dominated, market-oriented, and involves joint industry-university research; second, a greater focus on increasing the financial support for research and development and industrialization; and third, strong government support through taxes, medical insurance, promotion of talent, and appropriate land usage. Conclusion: Strong governmental support through taxes, medical insurance, promotion of talent, and land usage is required to ensure rapid development of the high-end medical equipment industry in China
太原龙山道教石窟第五窟主像身份探析
No full text龙山道教石窟位于山西省太原市西南20公里处的龙山山巅东侧巨型岩体上,为第四批全国重点文物保护单位。石窟开凿于唐、元、明三个时期~([1]),共有9座洞窟65尊像,是我国北方现存最大、保存最完整的纯粹道教题材石窟。由于石窟所处地理位置较为偏僻,且位于龙山山巅,自20世纪80年代以后,始有国内学者对其进行考察和研究,随后在石窟年代、造像风格、内容题材等方面均取得了一定成果~([2])
订正与会通：勾股定理在晚明《几何原本》（1607）中的呈现
No full text在利玛窦、徐光启译介的晚明西学经典《几何原本》中,述论勾股定理的第一卷第四十七题的呈现颇富意趣。从明刊本中留存的文字阙空可知,该题在版印之初曾经订正,利玛窦和徐光启作为翻译、校阅者剜其衍字而存其图示的处理,饱含着他们对定理证明方式一般性的深入理解。定理之后所附直角三角形任知两边而求其余边的问题及其解法,虽基本依照拉丁底本转译而与内涵近同的中算知识"句股术"在表述方式上有所区别,却相较底本文句表现出更为鲜明的算法特征,并借用"自乘""幂""开方尽实"等古代算学用语。这显示出本土知识背景对于徐光启译笔的隐微影响,亦由此揭示中西会通已自然地蕴藏在数学知识的翻译过程之中
中国传统脉学著作在18世纪法国的传播——以《中华帝国全志·脉的奥秘》的研究为例
No full text17、18世纪,耶稣会传教士将中国脉学理论传到欧洲,其代表作品有杜赫德主编的《中华帝国全志》中的译本《脉的奥秘》。关于《脉的奥秘》的中文底本,学者已指出是明代张世贤的《图注脉诀辨真》,但实际上底本不止此书。本文根据中西文献,通过文本对比,不仅明确了《脉的奥秘》与《图注脉诀辨真》的对应关系,还通过对中国脉学著作的系统考察,考证出清代沈镜的《删注脉诀规正》是另外一个底本;最后简要论述了《脉的奥秘》在法国的流传和影响
负责任的科学家：英国科学的社会责任协会成立的历史及意义
No full text本文以英国科学社会责任协会的历史为研究对象,以二十世纪以来的英国的科学与社会关系为线索,探究了英国科学社会责任协会的成立的背景、组织结构、协会理念等内容,重点分析成立初期的两个案例。英国科学社会责任协会的成立是20世纪70年代的激进科学运动的直接反映,使"负责任科学"逐渐成为影响当代科学与社会互动问题的全球潮流,缺陷在于它的激进纲领未能为科学家找到一种调和他们的政治观点和科研者身份的有效方式,以及未能帮助科学家更好地参与新兴科学的治理。当今技术发展的伦理、社会问题频发,回顾它的历史将有助于我们思考新的社会治理模式该通过怎样的努力逐渐达成
内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗蒙古族勒勒车制作技艺调查
No full text通过对内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗蒙古族勒勒车制作技艺的实地调查，较为翔实、全面地整理了其从原料、工具设备、工艺流程到产品的制造过程；结合口述史资料和文献资料，初步理清了内蒙古地区用车的历史脉络以及非物质文化遗产传承人手艺传承的谱系
2020年我国英文科技期刊发展回顾
No full text收集2020年中国新批准CN号的英文科技期刊名录及卓越行动计划高起点新刊批准情况,整理2020年SCI和Scopus数据库新收录中国英文科技期刊情况,基于JCR数据库分析中国科技期刊学术影响力,回顾2020年影响中国英文科技期刊的重要政策和事件,并就预印本、载文量、引入社会资本等影响中国英文科技期刊发展的几个问题进行了讨论