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直接竞争ELISA法快速检测豆芽中2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸的残留
No full text利用碳二亚胺法合成2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)的包被抗原,用高碘酸钠法制备了辣根过氧化物酶标记的2,4-D抗体,随后用包被原包被酶标板并建立了快速准确检测豆芽样品中2,4-D残留的直接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析(ELISA)法。结果表明:包被抗原与酶标记抗体的最佳稀释比例分别为1:160和1:32000。该方法的线性范围为(2~250)ng/mL(R~2=0.997),检测限为0.63 ng/mL,在该范围其相关性良好。其日内和日间的变异系数(CV)分别在3.03%~7.58%和2.81%~6.87%之间,均小于10%,精密度良好。平均回收率为95.5%,有较高的准确度和良好的特异性。因此,该直接竞争ELISA法可以快速准确地实现对豆芽中残留的2,4-D检测
黄酮醇类化合物的合成与抗菌活性
No full text以邻羟基苯乙酮和苯甲醛为原料,采用Algar-Flynn-Oyamada(AFO)反应,通过一锅法和分步法合成化合物;进一步用牛津杯法以甲氧西林为细菌阳性试验对照、DMSO为阴性对照,检测合成化合物对枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母菌、黑曲霉菌的抑菌能力.共合成20种黄酮醇类化合物,其中包括1个新化合物;合成化合物对酿酒酵母菌和黑曲霉菌并无明显抑制效果(d15 mm).构效关系研究表明,黄酮醇类化合物能有效对枯草芽孢杆菌形成抑制作用,且黄酮醇骨架上含有卤素取代(化合物7、8、17、19、20)表现出较好的抑菌作用;5-甲氧基取代黄酮醇(11、12、13、14)类化合物尽管不是活性最好的,但与相应的5位无取代的黄酮醇比较,如12 vs 2、13 vs 3、14 vs 1,活性有所提高.本研究获得了一些具有较好抗菌活性的黄酮醇化合物,可为药物发现和合成提供结构依据
基于生物可降解高分子的蛋白类药物纳米递送系统研究进展
No full text生物可降解功能高分子纳米载药粒子具有良好的生物相容性,作为新型药物载体在疾病的诊断和治疗方面显示出巨大的应用价值。蛋白类药物最近在肿瘤免疫疗法及其他重大疾病中大放异彩,但是其载体技术的发展却相对滞后。本文从蛋白类药物递送方面综述了近年来生物可降解功能高分子作为蛋白类药物纳米载体的研究进展,并对开发具有更好应用研究前景的新型生物可降解功能高分子进行了展望
Methyl ester synthesis of Pistacia khinjuk seed oil by ultrasonic-assisted cavitation system
No full textSynthesis of biodiesel from a non-edible source as Pistacia khinjuk seed oil via ultrasonic cavitation (UC) system is reported in this study. A heterogeneous catalyst sulphated tin oxide impregnated with silicon dioxide (SO42-/SnO2-SiO2) was employed during the transesterification reaction in an UC reactor. Parametric optimisation results revealed the maximum Pistacia khinjuk methyl ester (PiKME) yield was 88 wt.% at reaction time of 50 min, amplitude of 50%, catalyst amount of 3.5 wt.% and molar ratio of 13:1 (alcohol:oil). Performance of UC at optimised values was compared with mechanical stirring (MS). UC proved advantageous over MS with 3 times more time efficient. Hence, the superiority of UC over MS was established. About 3.2 fold higher reaction rate constant using UC (0.029 min(-1)) compared to MS (0.009 min(-1)). PiKME production via UC can potentially subsidise the overall cost of production by having 3.2 fold higher reaction rate constant than MS. PiKME met most of the fuel properties enlisted in EN14214 and ASTM D6751 standards
Complete genome sequence of Ruminococcaceae bacterium CPB6: A newly isolated culture for efficient n-caproic acid production from lactate
No full textn-caproic acid (CA) is a valuable chemical feedstock for various industrial applications. Biological production of CA from renewable carbon sources has attracted a lot of attentions recently. We lately reported the new culture Ruminococcaceae bacterium CPB6, which was isolated from a microbiome for efficient CA production from lactate. To further elucidate its metabolism, we sequenced the whole genome of the strain. The size of the complete genome is 2,069,994 bp with 50.58% GC content; no plasmid was identified. Sets of genes involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis via acyl carrier protein (ACP) and coenzyme A (CoA) as well as lactate oxidation/reduction pathways were identified in the genome. These genes were inferred to be correlated with the CA production. The complete genome sequence provides essential information for the elucidation of the metabolism for CA production from lactate, and further improvement of the strain through genetic engineering for enhanced CA production and other biotechnological purposes
Responses of Landoltia punctata to cobalt and nickel: Removal, growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant system and starch metabolism
No full textLandoltia punctata has been considered as a potential bioenergy crop due to its high biomass and starch yields in different cultivations. Cobalt and nickel are known to induce starch accumulation in duckweed. We monitored the growth rate, net photosynthesis rate, total chlorophyll content, Rubisco activity, Co2+ and Ni2+ contents, activity of antioxidant enzymes, starch content and activity of related enzymes under various concentrations of cobalt and nickel. The results indicate that Co2+ and Ni2+ (<= 0.5 mg L-1) can facilitate growth in the beginning. Although the growth rate, net photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll content and Rubisco activity were significantly inhibited at higher concentrations (5 mg L-1), the starch content increased sharply up to 53.3% dry weight (DW) in L. punctata. These results were attributed to the increase in adenosine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) and soluble starch synthase (SSS) activities and the decrease in alpha-amylase activity upon exposure to excess Co2+ and Ni2+. In addition, a substantial increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities and high flavonoid contents in L. punctata may have largely resulted in the metal tolerance. Furthermore, the high Co2+ and Ni2+ contents (2012.9 +/- 18.8 and 1997.7 +/- 29.2 mg kg(-1) DW) in the tissue indicate that L. punctata is a hyper accumulator. Thus, L. punctata can be considered as a potential candidate for the simultaneous bioremediation of Co2+- and Ni2+-polluted water and high-quality biomass production
Bio-Electron-Fenton (BEF) process driven by microbial fuel cells for triphenyltin chloride (TPTC) degradation
No full textThe intensive use of triphenyltin chloride (TPTC) has caused serious environmental pollution. In this study, an effective method for TPTC degradation was proposed based on the Bio-Electron-Fenton process in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The maximum voltage of the MFC with graphite felt as electrode was 278.47% higher than that of carbon cloth. The electricity generated by MFC can be used for in situ generation of H2O2 to a maximum of 135.96 mu/mol L-1 at the Fe@Fe2O3(*)/graphite felt composite cathode, which further reacted with leached Fe2+ to produce hydroxyl radicals. While 100 mu mol L-1 TPTC was added to the cathodic chamber, the degradation efficiency of TPTC reached 78.32 +/- 2.07%, with a rate of 0.775 +/- 0.021 mu mol L-1 h(-1). This Bio-Electron-Fenton driving TPTC degradation might involve in Sn-C bonds breaking and the main process is probably a stepwise dephenylation until the formation of inorganic tin and CO2. This study provides an energy saving and efficient approach for TPTC degradation. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Development of a New Marker System for Identification of Spirodela polyrhiza and Landoltia punctata
No full textLemnaceae (commonly called duckweed) is an aquatic plant ideal for quantitative analysis in plant sciences. Several species of this family represent the smallest and fastest growing flowering plants. Different ecotypes of the same species vary in their biochemical and physiological properties. Thus, selecting of desirable ecotypes of a species is very important. Here, we developed a simple and rapid molecular identification system for Spirodela polyrhiza and Landoltia punctata based on the sequence polymorphism. First, several pairs of primers were designed and three markers were selected as good for identification. After PCR amplification, DNA fragments (the combination of three PCR products) in different duckweeds were detected using capillary electrophoresis. The high-resolution capillary electrophoresis displayed high identity to the sequencing results. The combination of the PCR products containing several DNA fragments highly improved the identification frequency. These results indicate that this method is not only good for interspecies identification but also ideal for intraspecies distinguishing. Meanwhile, 11 haplotypes were found in both the S. polyrhiza and L. punctata ecotypes. The results suggest that this marker systemis useful for large-scale identification of duckweed and for the screening of desirable ecotypes to improve the diverse usage in duckweed utilization
曝气强化微生物功能菌修复黑臭水体
No full text从成都市三道沟黑臭底泥中分离出一株能以底泥有机质为碳源和能源生长的土著微生物功能菌HC-1,经鉴定该菌株为不动杆菌(Acinetobacter)。在实验室条件下,以三道沟黑臭底泥为研究对象,采用微生物功能菌强化底泥有机质降解来修复黑臭水体的方法。研究了底泥曝气和上覆水曝气对黑臭水体修复效果的影响。研究表明,投加土著微生物功能菌并结合底泥曝气能够明显改善上覆水水质,加快底泥的修复。使用间歇曝气协同土著微生物功能菌作用时效果和连续曝气相近,且可降低运行成本。实验15 d后,上覆水COD、NH_3-N和TP去除率分别达67.6%、71.6%和92.2%,底泥有机质的降解速率提高了30%,底泥微生物活性增加5倍
复配混凝剂强化处理生活污水试验研究
No full text择优选取对TP及COD去除效果均较优的3种混凝剂AlCl_3、FeCl_3、Fe_2(SO_4)_3,以依次投加的方式进行复配,考察了复配混凝剂对生活污水中TP和COD的去除效果及影响因素。研究结果表明,当复配混凝剂按m(AlCl_3)∶m(FeCl_3)∶m〔Fe_2(SO_4)〕=5∶6∶7投加时,对污染物的去除效果最好;pH是影响污染物去除效果的关键因素;在最佳配比条件下,当复配混凝剂投加量为160 mg/L时,出水TP可达0.402 mg/L,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级A标准,COD去除率比单一混凝剂高12.9%~20.1%