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A new xanthatin analogue 1 beta-hydroxyl-5 alpha-chloro-8-epi-xanthatin induces apoptosis through ROS-mediated ERK/p38 MAPK activation and JAK2/STAT3 inhibition in human hepatocellular carcinoma
No full text1 beta-hydroxyl-5 alpha-chloro-8-epi-xanthatin (XTT), a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Xanthium sibiricum, possessed potent cytotoxicity on cancer cells in vitro. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-tumor effect and underlying mechanisms of XTT on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Firstly, XTT inhibited the cell growth and induced apoptosis in human HCC cells, which was associated with the induction of Bax and cleaved-caspase-3, inhibition of Bcl-2 and survivin expression. Importantly, XTT induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and depletion of glutathione (GSH) in HCC cells through covalently modification of GSH. Furthermore, XTT caused obvious activation of extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and inactivation of Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) in HCC cells. ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine abrogated the effects of XTT on ERK/p38 MAPK activation and JAK2/STAT3 inhibition, and rescued HCC cells from XTT-induced apoptosis. Additionally, inhibitors of ERK/p38 MAPKs or activator of JAK2/STAT3 partially abolished XTT-mediated effect. In summary, XTT inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in HCC cells through ROS-mediated ERK/p38 MAPK activation and JAK2/STAT3 inhibition by GSH depletion. These findings also show the therapeutic potential of XTT in HCC. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. and Societe Francaise de Biochimie et Biologie Moleculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved
The Environmental Study of Response to Phenology of 15 Kinds of Hybrid Maize Varieties during Reproductive Growth Stage to Extreme Drought and Rewatering
No full textWhen studying drought response, differentiation is needed between terminal or intermittent drought and its interaction with environmental condition. The increase of extreme climatic events such as drought is one of the most important characteristics of global climate change. The study on the effect of farmland ecosystem is great significant in predicting agricultural production. The effects of extreme drought and rewatering on three phenological phases are including heading stage, silking stage and physiological maturity stage, growth height and maturity biomass of 15 different maize varieties were studied through simulated experiments. Extreme drought treatments are applied to vegetative growth stages of maize growth, and rehydration treatments are applied during reproductive growth stages. The results showed that the heading date of 15 maize cultivars was the most sensitive to water change, followed by the silking stage and the weakest in physiological maturity. The phenotypic responses of different maize varieties vary in response to water changes. The impact of water-for-water treatment on crop height is more pronounced than on crop biomass
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Kaloula verrucosa (Anura: Microhylidae) and phylogenetic analyses
No full textThe first complete mitochondrial genome of a Kaloula verrucosa frog was characterized in this work. The mitogenome was 17,061 base pairs (bp) in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region (D-loop). The overall base composition was 29.65% A, 30.77% T, 25.41% C and 14.17% G. Besides, the gene arrangement was identical to that observed in vertebrates. Five of 13 PCGs (COII, ATP6, COIII, ND3 and ND4) were ended with incomplete stop codon T. Except for ND6 gene encoded on L-strand, all other PCGs were encoded on H-strand. The non-coding region was 1665 bp in size, which was heavily biased to A+T (65.77%). Additionally, we found mitogenome size of all sequenced Kaloula species were bigger than that of Microhyla species, which was ascribe to the difference of D-loop size. Phylogenetic analysis showed that K. verrucosa was the sister species of Kaloula regifera. This work will provide basic molecular data for further molecular evolution and phylogenetic research of K. verrucosa and other microhylids
Courtship behaviour and male sexual competition of the Taliang crocodile newt, Liangshantriton taliangensis
No full textThe Taliang crocodile newt, Liangshantriton taliangensis, which is endemic to south-western China, is a rare salamandrid species with a distinct evolutionary history. Using combined field observations and captive experiments, we studied the courtship behaviour and male sexual interference of this species and composed a complete ethogram of its courtship behaviour. Unlike previous reports on sperm transfer, male L. taliangensis did not deposit spermatophores during ventral amplexus and females did not pick up sperm masses in this courtship phase. Sperm transfer was only performed during arm-hooking pin-wheel circling, which distinguishes L. taliangensis from Tylototriton species and supports the validity of genus Liangshantriton. Whether L. taliangensis shows bimodality in sperm transfer needs to be explored in additional populations. In the presence of sexual competitors, male L. taliangensis adjusted the duration of their behaviour. We found that males with longer snout-vent length, heavier mass, and higher tailfins may have an advantage in intrasexual competition
Assessment of Biochemical Parameters and Genotoxicity of Rice (Oryza sativa) Variation Treated with Zinc Sulfate and Boric Acid
No full textZinc sulfate and boric corrosive are transcendently utilized as manufactured composts for rice cropping system in Pakistan. The present research work was conducted to investigate the adverse effects of these fertilizers at 150 and 350 mg/L concentrations in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The biochemical and molecular parameters of NIAB-IR9 and KSK-282 varieties of rice were studied being treated with the selected fertilizers' concentrations. Both fertilizers showed positive effects on the biochemical parameters (total soluble sugars, chlorophyll a and b, total carotenoid) of rice seedlings as compared to controls. However, both fertilizers' concentrations with exception of zinc sulfate (150 mg/L) caused more cell membrane injuries and genotoxic effects in to rice seedlings. Zinc sulfate at 150 mg/L significantly decreased the cell membrane injury in the shoots (1.07 mu s/cm) and roots (2.0 mu s/cm) of KSK-282 as compared to the shoots (1.9 mu s/cm) and roots (3.7 mu s/cm) of control, respectively. Similarly, zinc sulfate at its lower concentration remained non-toxic for the genome of rice seedlings. Therefore, it can be concluded that zinc sulfate at 150 mg/L can be the suitable fertilizer's concentration to both rice varieties subjected to further field trials. (C) 2018 Friends Science Publishers
Synthesis of N-sulfenyl-sulfoximines and -sulfenamides through a metal-free N-H/S-H dehydrocoupling reaction
No full textA metal-free, iodine-catalyzed N-H/S-H dehydrocoupling reaction of sulfoximines and anilines with various thiols to construct sulfur-nitrogen bonds is herein presented. A variety of structurally diverse N-sulfenylsulfoximines and sulfenamides were prepared with up to 97% yield. The reaction was carried out in the presence of hydrogen peroxide in PEG(400) under mild conditions
Daphnetin and An Oxazole Compound Inhibit Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1
No full text吲哚胺-2,3-双加氧酶1(indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1,IDO1)在肿瘤免疫中发挥了重要作用,为了获得新型的IDO1小分子抑制剂,本研究利用HeLa细胞系建立了IDO1抑制剂筛选模型,筛选抑制IDO1活性的天然小分子化合物。将HeLa细胞接种于48孔板中,加入干扰素-gamma(IFN-gamma)诱导HeLa细胞中IDO1的表达,检测HeLa细胞分泌IDO1的酶代谢活性。对化合物库筛选后发现瑞香素(Daphnetin)和一个噁唑类小分子ZH-26能够抑制IDO1酶活性,采用GraphPad Prism计算瑞香素和ZH-26的IC_(50)值,结果显示瑞香素的IC_(50)为16.50 0.33 muM,ZH-26的IC_(50)为4.68 0.21 muM。进一步在HEK-293A细胞中过表达IDO1,不同浓度瑞香素和ZH-26处理细胞后也表现出对IDO1活性的抑制作用。采用Western blot方法发现瑞香素显著下调IFN-gamma诱导的IDO1蛋白表达,而ZH-26则对IFN-gamma诱导的IDO1的表达没有影响。综上,瑞香素和ZH-26在HeLa细胞内没有发现明显的细胞毒作用。本实验首次发现了瑞香素和ZH-26具有抑制IDO1的活性,不但为了解瑞香素这一天然来源临床药物的抗肿瘤机制提供新的视角,也为开发新的靶向IDO1的肿瘤免疫治疗候选药物奠定了基础
Effects of natural and artificial restoration approaches on soil water-holding capacity in subalpine coniferous forests
No full text西南亚高山原始针叶林被大规模采伐后,在皆伐迹地上营造了大量云杉林进行人工恢复。但关于这些人工林的土壤涵水能力如何,一直没有系统深入的研究与评价。选择川西米亚罗林区系列不同林龄云杉人工林(20 a、30 a、40 a、70 a)为对象,以相邻同龄自然更新恢复的针阔混交林为对照,比较人工林土壤涵水能力随着演替进程的动态及其与自然恢复次生林之间的差异,结合人工与自然恢复后的林地特征(如细根生物量、凋落物储量和土壤有机碳等)和土壤物理结构参数等差异,阐释自然与人工恢复后土壤涵水能力差异的影响因素。结果显示:随着人工林演替,土壤0-40cm层最大持水量随林龄的增加而降低,但变化不显著,从20年的2200 t/hm~2下降到70年的2138 t/hm~2,年平均下降速率为1.24 t/hm~2;然而在自然次生林中,土壤最大持水量随着林龄的增加呈现出波动式变化,从20年的2142 t/hm~2增加到40年的2565 t/hm~2,到70年又下降为2302 t/hm~2。通过土壤持水特性与林地凋落物贮量、细根生物量和土壤物理结构参数的相关分析表明,由不同恢复途径导致的林地土壤有机碳含量、凋落物特性及细根差异,进而改变土壤物理结构是影响土壤持水性能差异的主要因素。这些结果说明,从土壤持水量角度考虑,在对采伐迹地进行造林恢复时,应尽量避免营造结构单一、高密度的人工纯林,应选择营造针阔混交林的模式进行恢复
Microbial fuel cell with three-dimensional electrodes for domestic wastewater treatment and electricity generation
No full text为促进微生物燃料电池(MFC)推广应用于实际,构建以填充碳毡构成的三维结构为电极的单室微生物燃料电池,用于处理生活污水同步产电.对比分析序批运行和连续运行方式对生活污水的处理效果以及MFC的产电性能.在序批实验中,5 d内化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH_4~+-N)去除率分别达到91.1%和98.2%,处理结果符合城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB18918-2002)一级A标准;当MFC外接51 Omega电阻时最大功率密度为27.88 mW/m~3.在连续实验中,污水以稳定流速(0.2 mL/min)自反应器底部注入,形成上流式连续运行模式,其水力停留时间(HRT)为5 d,此时出水中COD保持稳定,去除率变化范围为83.2%-97.4%,NH_4~+-N浓度逐渐降低保持在9.45 mg/L以下,反应器对污水中NH_4~+-N的去除效果较好,自第11天后出水中有NO_3~--N积累,导致总氮去除率较低.连续运行方式下MFC最大功率密度为582.5 mW/m~3,约是序批方式的21倍;平稳期平均输出电压为0.087 7 V,是序批运行时的2.9倍.结果表明在连续运行方式下,由于有机物得到补充,微生物可不断利用有机物用于产电,所以连续运行方式时MFC的产电性能更好,可以改善序批方式下输出电压较低的现象.最后基于16S rRNA高通量测序分析电极上微生物群落,发现主导微生物属于Thauera sp.、Saprospiraceae-UN sp.、OPB56-UN sp.,Thauera sp.是一类能以电极为电子供体而还原NO_3~--N的脱氮微生物.因此可通过富集此类脱氮菌来降低连续运行方式下出水NO_3~--N浓度,这为改善污水处理效果提供了一种新方法