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Multiplex PCR System for the Identification of Paridis Rhizoma's Legal Origins and Its Closely Related Species from Genus Paris
No full text本研究通过分析重楼法定基原(七叶一枝花和云南重楼)与其同属近缘种ITS序列的差异设计了3对特异性引物。利用多重聚合酶链反应(PCR)原理建立了一套能快速、准确鉴别重楼法定基原与其同属近缘种的方法。最终,七叶一枝花样本可扩增出片段大小为210 bp的特异性片段,云南重楼种下的两类基因型(YN-I 、YN-II)样本可分别扩增出248 bp和149 bp的特异性片段。在法定基原得到阳性鉴定的同时,其他同属近缘种无任何片段,避免了干扰。该方法首次实现了,在一套多重PCR反应体系中同时鉴别重楼药典法定基原与其同属近缘种,对于提升中药重楼的质量控制技术水平具有重要意义
Fabrication of Gold Nanoparticles Array Film as Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrate
No full text表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)是一种灵敏度很高的分析技术,可以给出分子水平的光谱信息,常被用于痕量分析检测。金纳米颗粒(AuNPs)由于其可控制备、独特的光学特性,是最常用的SERS基底材料之一。然而,如何经济、高效地制备出一种性质稳定、耐保存的拉曼基底材料,仍是亟待解决的问题。文中通过静电纺丝工艺,将修饰了beta-环糊精的AuNPs聚合液制备成静电纺丝薄膜;将此薄膜用作SERS基底材料,以罗丹明6G作为探针分子,获得了优异的SERS效果,增强因子约为105,检测限达到10-6级以下,且基底材料的重复性优越
Amphibian species richness patterns in karst regions in Southwest China and its environmental associations
No full text物种丰富度分布格局的成因机制一直是宏观生态学研究的热点问题之一.中国西南地区喀斯特地貌区(以广西、云南和贵州为主)是世界上面积最大的喀斯特地貌区,也是全球范围内34个生物多样性热点地区之一.为了解该区域两栖动物物种丰富度分布格局及其与环境因子之间的关系,本研究根据中国科学院成都生物研究所标本馆、中国科学院昆明动物研究所标本馆、广西壮族自治区自然博物馆和中南林业科技大学动物标本室收藏的标本数据,以及公开发表的文献数据,共获得18,246条两栖动物记录(219个物种),然后运用生态位模型估测每个物种的潜在分布区,并把每个物种的潜在分布区叠加起来,最终得到该区域在10 km *10 km生态位模型空间尺度上的两栖物种丰富度地理分布格局图,最后进行多元回归和模型选择分析.结果表明:有12种两栖动物仅在喀斯特地貌区分布,占物种总数的5.48%;有104种两栖动物仅在非喀斯特地貌区分布,占物种总数的47.49%;有103种两栖动物在喀斯特地貌区和非喀斯特地貌区均有分布,占物种总数的47.03%;两栖动物物种丰富度随纬度的增高而降低;地貌类型(喀斯特地貌和非喀斯特地貌)对两栖动物物种丰富度的分布格局有显著影响(chi~2 = 36.47, P < 0.0001),但模型拟合效果差(McFadden's Rho square = 0.0037).影响该区域两栖动物物种丰富度分布格局最大的环境因子是年均降雨量(R~2 = 0.232, P < 0.001),其次是最干月平均降雨量(R~2 = 0.221, P < 0.001).该区域两栖动物物种丰富度的格局主要是由地貌和不同的环境因子共同相互作用的结果,不过仍有相当一部分物种丰富度的分布格局未被解释.因此,要更全面地认识该区域两栖动物物种丰富度格局的形成机制,有必要加强干扰、捕食、竞争等其他生物因子的影响研究
Effects of two flooding methods on bio-available Cd-Pb-Zn contents of contaminated paddy soil and bacteria community in rice rhizosphere
No full text在镉-铅-锌污染土壤上,为了探究水稻根际细菌群落多样性及结构在不同水分条件下的动态变化,采用高通量测序技术,研究了连续淹水(CF)和干湿交替(IF)两种水分模式下,镉-铅-锌复合污染的农田土壤在水稻分蘖期和成熟期根际区细菌群落组成和多样性,以揭示水稻根际区细菌群落在两种水分调控下的响应机制。研究结果表明,水分管理对土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni有效性和有效N和P含量影响显著。在水稻分蘖期,CF处理Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni有效性显著高于IF处理;到了成熟期,其Cd、Pb、Zn含量显著低于IF土壤。有效N含量在水稻分蘖期,CF处理土壤显著高于IF处理;而在两个生长时期,IF处理的有效P含量均显著高于CF处理土壤。水分管理对细菌群落alpha多样性影响主要表现在水稻分蘖期,主要是不同水分条件和土壤理化性质共同作用的影响。细菌群落丰度组成在水稻两个生育时期表现均有差异。在水稻分蘖期,淹水处理下的肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)和莫拉菌科(Moraxellaceae)的相对丰度高于干湿交替处理,其丰度与土壤Zn、Ni和Pb有效量之间呈显著正相关;干湿交替处理Planococcaceae群落相对丰度高于淹水处理,其丰度与有效P之间呈正相关。到了成熟期,在淹水环境下地杆菌科(Geobacteraceae)和粘球菌(Myxococcaceae)的相对丰度高于干湿交替处理,地杆菌科(Geobacteraceae)的丰度与有效P之间呈负相关。在植稻初期,土壤重金属的有效性是影响细菌群落结构的主要因素,随着植稻时间的延长,土壤养分转而成为决定根际细菌群落变动的关键因素
Optimal Statistical Unit for Relief Amplitude in Southwestern China
No full text[目的]确定中国西南地区地形起伏度的最佳分析尺度并进行地形分级,明确区域地形结构特点并进行地貌结构划分。[方法]以ASTER GDEMv2数据为基础,通过Python模块编程,利用窗口分析方法提取西南地区各典型地貌以及整个区域n*n(n=2,3,4,,181,182,183)窗口下的平均地形起伏度,进而采用均值变点分析方法确定最佳统计窗口。[结果]①西南地区地形起伏度的最佳分析尺度为2.43 km~2,②区域地形起伏度以中小起伏为主,其中小起伏(200~500 m)占38.68% ,中起伏(500~1 000 m)占23.58%;③从空间分布来看,西南地区的地形起伏度呈现中部高,东南部次之,西北部和东北部较低的特征。[结论]以2.43 km~2为最佳统计窗口提取的西南地区地形起伏度符合区域地形起伏特征,同时较好地兼顾了各地貌类型的起伏特点
the key process parameters and microbial community in the wastewater treatment by simultaneous desulfurization coupled denitrification
No full text大量未经处理的含硫化物和硝酸盐废水的排放将带来严重的环境问题.根据以废治废原则,使用厌氧滴滤塔反应器构建的同步脱硫耦联反硝化脱氮反应(SDD)能很好的去除废水中S~(2-)和NO_x -N.其中以聚氨酯泡沫为填料的厌氧滴滤塔反应器中生物活性最强,脱氮脱硫效果最好.体系中功能菌优先将S~(2-)氧化成S~0,待S~(2-)去除完全后,再进一步将S~0氧化成SO_4~(2-).同时,SDD反应降解NO_3~- -N的速率快于NO_2~- -N.进水S /N摩尔比越大,产物中SO_4~(2-)相对含量越低.结合实际工程考虑,应控制进水S /N摩尔比在5 /3~ 5 /2之间,S~(2-)浓度控制在538 mg·L~(-1)以下.微生物群落结构分析结果表明,Thiobacillus属在4组反应器上占绝对优势,其相对丰度均高于40%.其次相对丰度较高的Rhodanobacter、Arenimonas和Truepera属与厌氧反硝化作用密切相关.对4组反应器中微生物进行Alpha-多样性分析结果表明取得较好脱硫耦联反硝化效果的体系中物种多样性指数也较高
Do Species with Large Capitula Suffer Higher Rates of Predispersal Seed Loss than Species with Small Capitula? A Field Survey of 34 Asteraceae Species in an Alpine Meadow
No full textPremise of research.Capitulum (flowerhead) size varies widely across Asteraceae species, even within the same community. Previous work has suggested that capitulum variation among species results from the contrasting selection processes by pollinators for larger capitulum and by predispersal seed (achene) predators for smaller capitulum. However, this explanation is contested by the finding across Asteraceae that seed loss rate per infested capitulum is lower in species with large capitula, such that large capitula do not necessarily suffer higher overall seed loss compared to species with small capitula.Methodology.We measured the capitulum size, seed size, plant aboveground biomass, seed loss per infested capitulum, and capitula infestation rates for 34 Asteraceae species in an alpine meadow to determine whether there is a capitulum size-dependent effect on overall predispersal seed loss.Pivotal results.The data show that the seed loss rate per infested capitulum decreased (but capitula infestation rate increased) with increasing capitulum size. Nevertheless, at the species level, the overall predispersal seed loss rate (seed loss rate per infested capitulum x capitula infestation rate) was higher in species with larger capitula compared to those with smaller capitula. The disadvantage of producing larger capitula was partly compensated for by the competitive advantage conferred by producing large individual seeds and greater aboveground biomass.Conclusions.Species with large capitula suffer higher rates of overall predispersal seed loss, which is consistent with the hypothesis that predispersal seed predators affect capitulum size. We suggest that biological interactions between plants and animals (e.g., pollinators and seed predators) contribute to the great diversity of capitulum size among Asteraceae species
Antibiotic resistance genes and associated bacterial communities in agricultural soils amended with different sources of animal manures
No full textLand application of animal manures is a major dissemination route for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in agro-ecosystems, which are a potential risk to public health if they migrate into the food chain. Despite the fact that animal manure is a rich reservoir of ARGs our knowledge of the impacts of different types and amounts of animal manures on the temporal succession of a wide array of ARGs and potential ARG-hosts remains limited. Here, we constructed soil microcosms amended with two levels of swine, poultry or cattle manures to explore the time-course patterns of ARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs) including integrons and transposons, and bacterial communities. The high-throughput quantitative PCR detected 260 unique ARGs, and the application of all manure types, especially at the higher concentration (80 mg manure g(-1) soil), significantly increased the diversity and abundances of ARGs and MGEs. The abundance of ARGs in manured soils declined over time, but was still higher than that in untreated soils after 120 days, indicating the persistence of ARGs in manured soils. The next-generation sequencing revealed a clear shift in the bacterial community compositions of manured soils during the incubation. Mantel test and network analysis revealed that the ARG profile was strongly correlated with the bacterial community compositions. Variation partitioning analysis, and structure equation models, further indicated that bacterial phylogeny played a primary role in shaping the ARG profiles in manured soils. However, the significant correlation between the abundances of MGEs and ARGs suggested that the potential effects of horizontal gene transfer on the persistence of ARGs should not be overlooked. In addition, soil properties, which were strongly affected by the added manures, could also affect the ARG patterns. These findings demonstrated the temporal patterns and dissemination risk of ARGs in manured soils, which might contribute to the development of effective strategies to minimise the spread of ARGs in agro-ecosystems
Effects of night-time warming on the rates and main chemical components of root exudates produced by Picea asperata seedlings in subalpine coniferous forests
No full text以连续7a红外辐射增温处理下的云杉幼苗为对象,定量分析了增温对植物根系碳(C) 、氮(N)分泌速率以及主要挥发性化学成分的影响。结果表明: (1)增温显著增加了云杉幼苗根系C分泌速率,而对N分泌速率无显著影响,并伴随着根系分泌物C ∶N化学计量比显著增加; (2)不同化学组分输入含量变化对增温的响应具有明显差异,其响应幅度和方向与化学组分种类有关。其中糖类、氨基酸和酚类化合物的含量在增温处理下均显著增加,而酯类、醚类相对含量显著降低; (3)进一步分析表明,同组分中不同化合物成分含量对增温的响应也有所差异。例如,增温仅导致酚类化合物中2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚和4-叔丁基杯[4]芳烃含量显著增加(分别比对照增加了88.9%和375.7%),而对其余酚类化合物成分含量无显著影响。结果表明增温可导致植物根系分泌物各组分相对含量发生深刻地变化,这对于进一步认识不同环境变化下根系分泌物输入及其所诱导的特异性土壤微生物养分过程具有重要的理论意义
Root exudates and their ecological consequences in forest ecosystems: Problems and perspective
No full text植物根际过程与调控机理研究已成为当前土壤学最活跃、最敏感的研究领域, 而根系分泌物作为根系-土壤-微生物界面物质能量交换和信息传递的重要媒介物质, 是构成根际微生态系统活力与功能特征的内在驱动因素, 是根际概念与根际过程存在的重要前提和基础。然而, 由于传统的根际过程研究更强调以实际生产问题为导向, 加之农作物生长周期较短、操作便利等诸多因素, 以往对植物根系分泌物研究主要聚焦在农业生态系统, 而有关根系分泌物在森林生态系统中的重要作用与调控机理研究甚少, 认识相对零散和片段化。基于此, 该文结合作者实际研究工作中的主要成果和该领域国际前沿动态, 综述了森林根系分泌物的生态重要性, 重点论述了目前森林根系分泌物生态学研究中存在的主要问题与不足, 在此基础上展望了未来森林根系分泌物生态学研究中值得关注的重点方向和研究内容