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Assessing the risk of COVID-19 in Ghana
No full textAs COVID-19 vaccines are becoming available, governments will need to assess the number and location of the most vulnerable people within their populations. However, problematically, tracking data for most low- and middle-income countries are only available at the national level. To support the COVID-19 relief effort, the Gender, Climate Change, and Nutrition Integration Initiative (GCAN) was commissioned to develop a subnational dataset of key COVID-19 risk indicators and potential risk hotspots.Non-PRIFPRI1; GCAN; CGIAR Platform for Big Data in Agriculture; CRP7; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; Feed the Future InitiativeEPTD; PHNDCGIAR Platform for Big Data in Agriculture (Big Data); CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS
Cross-cutting gender research and coordination: Highlights, lessons learned, and priorities for One CGIAR
No full textAt the start of CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) Phase 2 in 2017, and later during the priority-setting round in 2019, each of the PIM research areas (‘flagships’) formulated key research questions they aimed to answer and identified theories of change and pathways to achieve impact. In this series, we share highlights of what we have learned and achieved and suggest areas to be explored in the future.Non-PRIFPRI1; CRP2; G Cross-cutting gender theme; Capacity StrengtheningPIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
Monitoring the agri-food system in Myanmar: Agricultural input retailers – June 2021 survey round
No full textTo understand the effects of recent disruptions on Myanmar’s agricultural input sector, a phone survey of input retailers was conducted in June 2021.
Key findings:
▪ Prices of key agricultural inputs–fertilizer, pesticides, maize seed, and vegetable seed– are higher in June 2021 compared to June 2020 during the first wave of COVID-19. Onaverage, urea fertilizer prices are 52 percent higher and compound fertilizer prices are 29 percent higher.
▪ Reported input sales are much lower in June 2021 than in June 2020, with fertilizer sales volumes 48 percent lower on average and maize seed 39 percent lower on average.
▪ There continue to be widespread business disruptions stemming from political instability. Issues in the banking sector are the biggest disruption for 75 percent of our sample, though 84 percent also reported higher transportation costs.
▪ Nearly two-thirds of interviewed input retailers have offered inputs on credit to farmers this monsoon season. However, 79 percent intend to decrease their total value of credit compared to last year. Only 22 percent of input retailers reported that farmers in their area received MADB loans for the 2021 monsoon season.
▪ During the third wave of COVID-19 in Myanmar, adoption of safety practices is much lower than during the first wave. Sixty percent of input retailers adopted at least one practice, but only 44 percent were regularly washing their hands and only 47 percent were wearing masks.
▪ Higher input costs and lower access to credit will likely result in lower purchased input use and lower yields for monsoon crops. Measures to support combine harvesting and post-harvest management (e.g., drying) could help minimize further yield loss.Non-PRIFPRI1; MyanmarSSP; MAPSA; CRP2; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural EconomiesDSGD; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
Investing in rural households through community promoters: The Haku Wiñay/noa jayatai programme in Peru
No full textHaku Wiñay/Noa Jayatai (“Let’s grow together” in the Quechua and Shipibo-Conibo languages respectively) is one of the few government programmes that work with poor rural households in subsistence agriculture. Through implementing community projects composed of training and technical assistance packages aimed at improving production techniques, as well as household organzation and financial inclusion, the programme seeks economic inclusion of these households by improving their access to markets. Training packages are implemented by local promoters called Yachachiqs (“The one who knows and teaches”), who are selected and hired by the community for a three-year period to develop community-based projects funded by the government’s Cooperation Fund for Social Development (FONCODES). This study seeks to provide further knowledge about how programme developed human capital, complementing existing literature on the programme impacts. Data were collected via structured interviews with key informants, mainly Yachachiqs, from the two poorest regions in Peru, Cajamarca and Huancavelica. Major findings are that, even though Yachachiqs are known and selected by the community to implement the community projects, it takes significant effort,time and resources for Yachachiqs to be viewed as trustworthy by programme participants and thus guarantee their participation in the programme. Also, although some positive economic impacts are reported by interviewees, the major improvements valued by programme participants is household organization and healthy practices such as hand washing and water boiling, as well as the installation of safe cookstoves. Income increases, as reported by interviewees and other studies, come mainly from higher yields and lower costs of production. Key features that guarantee the success of the programme are the active participation of the community in the design and implementation of the community projects, as well as the simplicity and low cost of development techniques transferred by Yachachiqs.Non-PRIFPRI2; CRP2; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; Capacity Strengthening; DCADSGD; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
Ghana: Disponibilité des données de couverture des interventions sur la nutrition
No full textCe profil présente une évaluation du potentiel d’un pays à rendre compte de la couverture nationale1 pour un ensemble de 16 interventions sur la nutrition. Il recommande des actions essentielles pour renforcer la mesure de la couverture. Les données de couverture des interventions sont essentielles au suivi de la mise en oeuvre et à la mesure de l’impact des stratégies et des investissements visant à réduire la malnutrition.Non-PRIFPRI1; CRP4; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; Transform Nutrition West AfricaPHND; A4NHCGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH
From the “feminization of agriculture” to gender equality
No full textThe term “feminization of agriculture” is used to capture a wide range of gender dynamics and shifts in rural gender relations. Definitions range from the broadening and deepening of women’s involvement in agriculture (Lastarria-Cornhiel 2006) to the increase in rural women’s measured economic participation in agriculture and a reported visibility of women in agricultural activities (Deere 2005). The term may be used to imply an increase in women’s labor in agriculture, in women’s labor relative to that of men, or in women’s roles in agricultural decision-making. Broadly speaking, however, literature on the feminization of agriculture has challenged researchers and development practitioners to consider how changing rural landscapes are affecting women, especially where men are moving out of agriculture. These changes have impacts on women’s productive and reproductive workloads, both paid and unpaid, as well as their agency and decision-making, both within the farm and the household and in the community and a variety of institutions.PRIFPRI4; CRP2; DCADSGD; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
Political economy of wheat value chains in post-revolution Sudan
No full textWheat flour and bread have played a central role in Sudan’s political economy throughout the country’s post-independence history. In 2019, increasing bread prices precipitated the protests that ousted the government of Omar al-Bashir. How has Sudan’s recent political transition and economic circumstances impacted distortions within the wheat value chain? What are the policy preferences of relevant stakeholders for improving the affordability of wheat products and the productivity of domestic wheat farmers? This paper addresses these questions by drawing on key informant interviews in Sudan and utilizing a political settlements approach, which captures the underlying distribution of power among elites and citizens. The post-revolution political settlement contains a much broader distribution of power shared between a civilian alliance movement and the military, each of which has distinct interests in the wheat value chain. The paper elucidates the preferences of different stakeholders to address policy distortions and discusses bottlenecks that need to be overcome for those options to be feasible. In doing so, the analysis reveals that, while the policy of subsidizing bread remains contentious, there are broader coalitions for interventions related to regulatory and monitoring reforms, improvements in domestic wheat procurement, enhanced agricultural investments, and targeted cash transfers to cushion subsidy reductions.Non-PRIFPRI1; CRP2; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; SSSPDSGD; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
The 'quiet revolution' in the aquaculture value chain in Bangladesh
No full textThere are two strands in the socioeconomic literature on aquaculture. The first, which we call “micro socioeconomics,” is work centered on the role of farm households as fish producers, and the impacts of aquaculture on rural communities where aquaculture takes place. This strand can be divided into three themes: (i) farm technology diffusion and efficiency (e.g., Dey et al. 2005; Rauniyar 1998); (ii) farm interactions with the environment (e.g., Islam 2014; Primavera 2006); (iii) livelihoods. The latter can be divided further into studies linking aquaculture to poverty reduction and studies of impacts of aquaculture on communities. The “poverty” literature has focused on the role of small-scale and subsistence forms of aquaculture for household food security and incomes (e.g., Bondad-Reantaso and Subasinghe 2013). The “community” literature adopts a more critical approach to the distribution of benefits and losses from aquaculture among farm and non-farm households (e.g., Paprocki and Cons 2014; Toufique and Gregory 2008).Non-PRIFPRI4; PRSSP; CRP2DSGD; PHND; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
Kenya commodity price report - June 2021
No full textThe Food Price Monitor: Kenya is a monthly report developed for the Food Security Portal (FSP), facilitated by IFPRI, with the goal of providing clear and accurate information on commodity price trends and variations in selected markets throughout Kenya. The reports are intended as a resource for those interested in agricultural commodity markets in Kenya, namely producers, traders, consumers, or other agricultural stakeholders.Non-PRIFPRI1; Food Security Portal; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural EconomiesMTI
Vegetable value chains during the COVID- 19 pandemic in Ethiopia: Evidence from cascading value chain surveys before and during the pandemic
No full textWe combine in-person survey data collected in February 2020 (i.e., just before the pandemic was declared) with phone survey data collected in March 2021 (i.e., one year into the pandemic) and August 2021 (i.e., approximately 18 months into the pandemic) to study how vegetable value chains in Ethiopia have coped with the COVID-19 pandemic. Focusing on the major vegetable value chain connecting farmers in East Shewa zone to consumers in Addis Ababa, we applied a cascading survey approach in which we collected data at all levels of the value chain: vegetable farmers, urban wholesalers, and retailers.Non-PRIFPRI1; CRP2; ESSP; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food IndustryDSGD; MTID; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM