21112 research outputs found
Sort by
2020 Annual trends and outlook report: Sustaining Africa's agrifood system transformation: The role of public policies: Synopsis
No full textSustained growth and improved governance in Africa’s agriculture sector are critical to meeting the continent’s development goals, including creating decent jobs for youth, nourishing growing cities with healthy foods, promoting resilience, and catalyzing domestic revenue mobilization. The 2020 Annual Trends and Outlook Report (ATOR) from the Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS) focuses on the policies required to transform African agrifood systems to meet their potential. Chapters provide (1) an in-depth review of the evolution of agricultural sector policies over the last five decades; (2) a systematic analysis of traditional input constraints on agricultural productivity; (3) discussion of policies needed to bolster competitiveness along value chains; and of (4) factors that shape the broader enabling environment needed for agrifood system transformation. The report serves as the official M&E report for the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP), tracking progress on over 30 CAADP indicators.PRIFPRI1; ReSAKSSAFR; DSG
Agriculture and undernutrition
No full textFirst, we typically use the term agriculture to mean the farm production of crop and livestock commodities; agribusiness to mean commercial suppliers of farm inputs and wholesale purchasers of farm commodities; food markets to mean storage, shipment, and transformation of food into final products including packaged foods and meals away from home; and policy as a shorthand for any public sector or philanthropic intervention or program that aims to alter these activities. These are all interrelated influences on what we will call livelihoods, meaning all of a household’s activities, including both agriculture and nonfarm work. Putting these pieces together, the chapter will focus on agricultural and food systems, meaning the aggregate outcome of interactions between these components at the scale of an entire village, region, country, or the world as a whole. Second, this chapter focuses on undernutrition-defined as insufficient intake of nutrients and healthy foods relative to biological needs, and the resulting deficiencies such as anemia and failure to achieve a child’s genetic potential such as linear growth-rather than problems linked to excessive intake of total energy, salt, and harmful foods that lead to obesity and diet-related diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. The two types of malnutrition are connected, as many people who suffer from dietary insufficiencies in some dimensions also have excesses in others (for example, stunting in childhood followed by obesity in later life, or ongoing micronutrient deficiencies during weight gain), but excessive intake of harmful foods is less likely than dietary insufficiency to be caused by agricultural production and supply constraints. As this chapter will show, agricultural change can raise food intake where deficiencies are most widespread, while excesses that lead to obesity and diet-related disease are more closely tied to nonfarm activity, market conditions, and food demand. Excessive intake clearly links back to agriculture through demand for ingredients in unhealthy foods such as sugar and other carbohydrates, but we would hypothesize a fundamental asymmetry in agriculture-nutrition linkages: improving agricultural production can help poor people fill deficiencies, especially for children in poor rural households, but after intake has risen, attempting to use agriculture against obesity can be like pushing on a string.PRIFPRI4; CRP4; UNFSSPHND; A4NH; DSGDCGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH
Impact of COVID-19 on the Jordanian economy: Economic sectors, food systems, and households
No full textEconomic growth in Jordan potentially will come to a halt this year. This comes as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Government imposed an economic lockdown which restricted non-essential economic activities and people’s movement in order to contain the virus. A SAM multiplier model was used to estimate the economic impact of the lockdown and to explore potential recovery pathways for the Jordanian economy. Some of the key findings from this modeling exercise are:
• National GDP is estimated to have fallen by 23 percent during the lockdown period. The services sector was hardest hit, seeing an estimated drop in output of almost 30 percent.
• Food systems in Jordan are estimated to have experienced a reduction in output by almost 40 percent.
• Employment losses during the lockdown were estimated at over 20 percent, mainly driven by job losses in services, followed by agriculture.
• Household income fell on average by around one-fifth due to the lockdown, mainly driven by contraction in service sector activities, by slowdown in manufacturing activity, and by lower remittances from abroad.
• GDP growth rates for Jordan’s economy will continue to be negative through 2020, ranging from -5.7 to -7.4 percent, depending on the speed of economic recovery. A slow pace of recovery is expected.
This economic recovery offers opportunities for fostering sustainable economic transformation and structural change. Economic policies and incentives should be directed towards more economic diversification, greater resilience to withstand economic shocks, and job creation.Non-PRIFPRI1; CRP2; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; EgyptSSP; COVID-19 Measuring Impacts and Prioritizing Policies for Recovery; Agricultural Investment Data Analyzer (AIDA); UNFSSDSGD; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
Monitoring the impact of COVID-19 in Myanmar: Agricultural production and rural livelihoods in two irrigation schemes - August 2020 survey round [in Burmese]
No full textNon-PRIFPRI1; DCA; MAPSA; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; CRP2; MyanmarSSPDSGD; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
Strengthened seed regulations and certification system in Afghanistan
No full textImproving smallholder farmers’ access to high-quality seeds is among the key objectives of CGIAR. Achieving this goal requires a conducive policy and regulatory environment. Partnerships between public and private stakeholders for seed certification have proven successful in many countries. In Afghanistan, the engagement of CGIAR with the government resulted in a strengthened seed certification and seed market system through implementation of the public-private-producers partnership business model.Non-PRIFPRI1; CRP2; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food IndustryPIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
Community perceptions of the social and economic impacts of COVID-19 in Myanmar: Insights from round 3 of the National COVID-19 Community Survey (NCCS) – August and September 2020 [in Burmese]
No full textNon-PRIFPRI1; MyanmarSSP; CRP2; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; MAPSAPHND; DSGD; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
Promoting participation in value chains for pulses in Malawi: Who and where to target
No full textIn this Policy Note, we examine both household and spatial factors that may drive participation by smallholder farming households in commercial value chains for pulses, legume crops that are primarily harvested for their dry seed. Here the focus is on value chains for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan). Bean and pigeonpea are particularly important secondary crops within many smallholder farming systems in Malawi, while cowpea is less common. All are commonly grown as intercrops in smallholder farming systems, primarily with maize.Non-PRIFPRI1; CRP2; MaSSP; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural EconomiesDSGD; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
Africa agriculture trade monitor 2020: Synopsis
No full textThe 2020 Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor, the third in this series of flagship reports, presents an overview of trade in agriculture products in Africa and highlights the main impediments that affect intra- and extra-African trade. This year’s report includes chapters focusing on intra-Africa trade integration for agricultural products, including the role of nontariff measures, and on the competitiveness of African value chains that are crucial for food security (cereals, sugar, vegetable oils). The importance and measurement of informal cross-border trade for agricultural products is also examined. The final chapter looks at regional integration experiences in Southern Africa, with a focus on the Southern Africa Development Community. The report offers policy recommendations for improving agricultural exports performance, especially in the context of the unprecedented uncertainty the world is facing with the COVID-19 pandemic.Non-PRIFPRI1; ReSAKSS; CRP2; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; G Cross-cutting gender theme; Capacity StrengtheningMTID; AFR; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
Symposium policy note 3: Cash transfers as an effective tool for social protection and shock response in Egypt [in Arabic]
No full textNon-PRIFPRI1; CRP2; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; Evaluating Impact and Building Capacity (EIBC); EgyptSSPDSGD; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
Agricultural value chain finance in Indonesia: Executive summary
No full textThis report describes the present state of agricultural value chain finance in Indonesia and suggests policies that could help expand its availability where formal financial services have been unable to meet value chain actors’ needs. We first consider the features of a policy environment needed for agricultural value chain finance to flourish. Key points related to the policy environment are: Allow interest rates for loans from the formal sector to be priced by the market; Support secure, inclusive payment systems and transaction frameworks; Develop a legal framework that supports both the use of movable collateral in loans and a warehouse receipts system; Develop a legal and/or regulatory framework that supports contract farming among smallholders; And allow for a more open, technology-driven financial architecture that facilitates market entry among nontraditional financial service providers.Non-PRIFPRI1; CRP2; IFS4AG; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; DCAMTID; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM