Hungarian Veterinary Archive
Not a member yet
2958 research outputs found
Sort by
Detection of the hidden merle colour in Mudi breed with molecular genetic methods
Get PDFSUMMARY
Background: The merle colour in dogs (merle: blackbird) is caused by a retrotransposon insertion in the SILV gene, resulting in malfunction in the eumelanin producing pigment cells. In homozygous (MM) individuals congenital auditory and ophthalmologic disorders are common, therefore the mating of two heterozygous (Mm) dogs should be avoided, and is in fact forbidden in case of breeds having this trait. Some of the colours, however are fully characterised by pheomelanin pigment (e. g. cream, beige, fawn), which are not affected by the merle gene, making it impossible to recognize the heterozygous individuals based on their phenotype (hidden merles).Objectives: The author’s aim was to test a fast, reliable and cost-efficient genetic method in the Mudi breed, because in this breed along with the merle colour, white and fawn colours can also be found– which increases the chance for hidden merle individuals.Materials and Methods: In their study the authors used 23 hair or buccal swab samples collected from Hungarian and foreign possible hidden merle Mudi dogs, then multiplied the exon 11 of the SILV gene with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method from the purified DNA. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to detect the PCR products (M and m alleles) and to separate them by size. The authors compared their genotype results with the dogs' phenotypic traits (colour of the eyes and the fur).Results and Discussion: According to practical observations blue or partial blue eyes are solely caused by the merle gene in the Mudi breed, this observa-tion was confirmed by the authors' DNA test, so in these simple cases hidden merle dogs can be detected by their phenotype. However, eye colour is not always affected by the merle gene: in this research 4 of the 17 brown eyed dogs tested proved to be heterozygous Mm. This indicates that the genetic test is the only reliable way to identify hidden merle individuals, which is important to prevent puppies with decreased viability
Toxic effects of food components of natural origin
Get PDFSUMMARY The authors summarise those natural components of foodstuffs that may be harmful to consumers’ health either in their original quantity or after enrichment. They present the substances having nutritive effect that may exert a harmful effect on health due to inherited or acquired enzymopathy and they point out that the patients suffering from lactose intolerance, galactosaemia, phenylketonuria or celiac disease must keep a diet composed of lactose-, pheny-lalanine- and gliadin-free foods throughout their life. Furthermore, the authors discuss those substances (e.g. erucic acid, trans-fatty acids) that are harmful to the health of all consumers elevating the cholesterol level of the blood including the erucic acid occurring in large amounts in certain rapeseed oils, and trans-fatty acids forming during the hardening of oils through hydrogenation. Out of the non-nutritive toxic substances the authors pick out those toxic compounds that have the highest importance from the aspect of food safety, and that occur in certain raw materials as natural ingredients such as solanine, hydrogen cya-nide, methyl alcohol, morphine and its derivatives, as well as nitrate and nitrite. The authors discuss and summarise their undesirable and possible toxic effect such as (1) Solanidine originating from solanine has saponin-like effects: local tissue irritation, haemolysis and atropine-like nervous symptoms after absorp-tion. (2) Hydrogen cyanide released from cyanogenic glycosides upon enzymatic action inhibits the function of oxidative enzymes containing trivalent iron, such as cytochrome oxidase, resulted in inhibition of oxidative processes in the tis-sues and thus produces cytotoxic anoxia. (3) The toxic effect of methanol is due to this narcotising alcohol itself, and also to formic acid, which causes acidosis and retinal cell damage. (4) Morphine, codeine and thebaine (phenanthrene derivatives) are inhibitors of the central nervous system, while narcotine, narceine and papaverine (isoquinoline derivatives) are smooth muscle relaxants. (5) Nitrite, which is formed from nitrate due to microbial activity, induces methaemoglobin, has vasodilator effect, and can react with secondary and tertiary amines to form carcinogenic nitrosamines
Equine grass sickness, and its Hungarian relations
Get PDFSUMMARY
Background: New updates about the epidemiology and aetiology of equine grass sickness (EGS) are necessary since the diagnosis of the first Hungarian cases in 2001.
Objectives: To review the epidemiology, aetiology, clinical signs, treatment and diagnostic opportunities of equine grass sickness, including its Hungarian relations.
Materials and Methods: 98 publications have been reviewed.
Results and Discussion: Equine grass sickness or equine dysautonomia is a frequently fatal polyneuropathy, which affects both the peripheral and central nervous systems. The disease occurs almost only in grazing horses. EGS was first described in the United Kingdom (Scotland) in 1909, but after that it appeared in many countries around the world including Hungary from 2001.
Grass sickness has three main forms: acute, subacute and chronic, but there is an overlap between the forms, because the signs reflect the severity of neuronal degeneration in the autonomic and enteric nervous system. Accurate, noninvasive, ante mortem diagnosis is not available. A definitive diagnosis can be made by histopathological examination of the affected ganglia during exploratory laparotomy or after euthanasia. Acute and subacute cases of EGS are fatal,but selected chronic cases can be treated successfully with intensive nursing care. Vaccine trials have been performed in the United Kingdom, but until the causative agent is identified, the only way of prevention is the reduction of the premises- and management-related risk factors. The disease occurs yearly in a North-Hungarian stud with severe outbreaks in certain years. The last outbreak was in April 2017, when 15 foals were euthanized or died in the acute form of the disease after a marked decrease in temperature and heavy snowing during which the horses were kept in a stable. Also, there was a histopathologically confirmed case in Pest county, therefore Hungarian veterinarians should be prepared to prevent, diagnose, and occasionally treat cases
Effect of a long-acting deslorelin implant (Suprelorin® 4.7 mg) on semen characteristics, body weight, serum biochemical and haematology profile in adult male Beagle dogs - Literature review and a prospective study
Get PDFSUMMARY
Background: Semen characteristics in frequently collected samples after insertion of a Suprelorin® 4.7 mg (Virbac, France) implant have not been reported yet.
Objectives: to determine the effects of Suprelorin® 4.7 mg on the quality of
semen collected twice weekly, and on metabolic function and health by body
weight (BW) changes and serum biochemical (glucose, triglycerides, ALT, AP,
BUN, creatinine, total protein, albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, electrolytes) and
haematology analysis.
Materials and Methods: Five adult healthy male Beagles (31-46 months old,
10.4-13.9 kg) housed together and fed the same ration throughout the study
were implanted subcutaneously with 4.7 mg Suprelorin® (d0). Semen was collected twice weekly. DNA fragmentation index (% DFI) was determined with
Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSATM). BW measurements and blood sampling were performed on d0, d21, and biweekly until d112. Data was analysed with
general linear model with repeated measures.
Results and Discussion: BW was stable and haematology and biochemical
parameters remained in the normal range. In 4 dogs semen could be collected
until d10 and until d17 in the last dog. No changes in ejaculate volume, sperm
concentration, total number of spermatozoa, progressive motility, morphology
and % DFI (1.33-4.50% frozen-thawed 0 h, 1.49-6.66% frozen-thawed after 3 h
incubation at 38 °C) were detected (P≥0.112).. As semen quality was not significantly influenced, matings may result in viable offspring until aspermia occurs.
Under controlled feeding conditions, 4.7 mg Suprelorin® administration does not
result in BW changes and in any alterations of blood parameters
The relationship of louse infestation and clutch size in the Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus)
Get PDFSUMMARY
Background: Lice are common ectoparasites of birds, completing their entire
life cycle in the plumage. Transmission – in most cases – requires physical contact between hosts. Lice may benefit from choosing host individuals with better
survival prospects and dispersal chances. Bodily contacts between parents and
offsprings provide a good opportunity for host selection. The Common Kestrel
is a widespread, small-bodied raptor of the Palearctic region, with well-known
breeding biology and ectoparasite fauna, making it suitable to study the ecological correlates of vertical transmission of lice.
Objectives: The aim of our study was to investigate how the sex, maturity and
clutch size of Common Kestrel nestlings affect the abundance of their lice.
Materials and Methods: Field work was carried out in Körös-Maros National
Park Directorate (Hungary). The ectoparasites were collected from nestlings (n
= 54) with dust-ruffling. The effect of the host’s sex, wing length and clutch
size on the abundance of their lice was analysed using negative binomial mixed
models.
Results and Discussion: In case of Colpocephalum subzerafae, none of the
investigated variables had a significant effect. Contrarily, clutch size had a significant effect on Degeeriella rufa abundance. In small clutches (3–4 nestlings)
the mean abundance of D. rufa (15.5 95% C.I.: 8–30) is 3.7 times higher, than in
large (5–6 nestlings) clutches (4.2 95% C.I.: 2.3–7.4). We discuss two non-exclusive explanations of this pattern. First, parental quality is known to affect
the clutch size. If low quality parents are also more heavily infested with lice,
this could explain the higher louse load of their nestlings. Alternatively, according to the dilution hypothesis, long life-cycle ectoparasites (such as lice), that
are incapable to significantly raise their subpopulation size till the fledging of
the chicks, disperse among the nestlings, resulting in lower per nestling louse
counts in larger clutches. According to our results both the breeding parameters
and the quality of the parents may affect their offsprings’ ectoparasite load
Production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α by astroglia cells exposed to hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in vitro
Get PDFHepatic encephalopathy is a neuropsyhiatric syndrome caused by portosystemic shunt and/or liver failure. The pathogenesis of the disease has not yet been accurately detailed, though it is well known that cerebral pathogenesis is linked with astrocytes