Hungarian Veterinary Archive
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Canine Leptospirosis in Ireland & the UK
No full textLeptospirosis is the most widespread and potentially fatal bacterial zoonosis worldwide. In Ireland and the United Kingdom, sufficient evidence exists to indicate that several domestic animal species are routinely exposed to infectious isolates of Leptospira including cattle, sheep and dogs. Such domestic species can also act as reservoir hosts of infection, shedding the organism via urine into the environment, increasing the risk of exposure to humans. Currently, little is known about the epidemiology or pathogenesis of leptospirosis in the Republic of Ireland or the British Isles. Steps must be taken to tackle these gaps in current knowledge and understanding of human and animal leptospirosis infection across the region. This project aims to highlight the current situation concerning canine Leptospira infection in Ireland and the United Kingdom and stress the need for further research into the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the disease and to emphasize the need for advances in diagnostic work
Plant-Based Diets for Dogs and Cats: Review of Current Perspectives
Get PDFThere is a rise on plant based diets throughout the world which has also been applied to pets which comes as a response to the heavy strain put on the environment by animal agriculture. Food scarcity is already a major problem in the world and will only be aggravated by the expected population growth in the future. The plant based diets for pets is a growing field of research which has recently been developed. The current paper reviewed existing literature in the field of plant-based diets in order to examine the motivations, plausibility and availability of these diets for dogs and cats. Findings indicate that the choice to abstain from meat is motivated by environmental strain of the meat industry, humanization of animals, and psychological distress of meat abstaining pet owners. After a discussion of nutritional requirements and a thorough review of studies on content analysis and feeding trials, the paper concludes that plant based diets are possible for dogs and cats. Nevertheless, at this time, extensive knowledge and continuous monitoring is required to ascertain the safety and health of the diet, especially for cats.
It is the belief of the author that plant-based food for dogs can be adequate as long it is veterinary prescribed and with routine monitoring. For cats the author does not recommend a plant-based diet although in the future most likely it will be a possible. Limitations and future directions are also discussed
Studies on endoparasitic infections in a dog shelter in Eastern Hungary
No full textTo investigate the endoparasitic infections of dogs in a shelter in Eastern Hungary, 33 faecal
samples and 35 blood samples were collected and investigated at the Department of
Parasitology and Zoology at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Budapest in 2019. All
the faecal samples were investigated with Mini-FLOTAC test, Witness® Giardia Test
(Zoetis) for G. duodenalis antigens and Baermann method. The blood samples were
examined for microfilariae with the native blood smear or modified Knott’s method and
DiroCheck® for Diroflaria immitis antigens
Anatomical background and ultrasound examination of the paralumbar muscles for intramuscular injection of melarsomine in canine heartworm disease
No full textThe effect of the predator odour TMT on the behaviour of mice and the possibility of its epigenetic transmission
No full textThe accuracy of anxiety studies using live animal trials is constantly challenged by the difficulty to create a controllable and yet easily triggered fear response in the test subjects. We proposed the predator odour 2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT) as a feasible stimulus to elicit anxiety in mice and investigated its effect.
To examine if the fear response was present we used 10% and 100% TMT solutions and several control odours which included citronella as a neutral odour, MHA as an irritating odour, and a perfume as a neutral odour that the mice were acclimated to before the trial. The mice were separately placed in an open field for six-minute time intervals with each odour. In the first half of the six minutes, a hiding box was provided. We analyzed the recordings to find fear-related behaviour: moving away from the odour, hiding, freezing and burying. Additionally, we looked for a change in levels of movement, body position and grooming behaviour
Treatment of West Nile Virus caused encephalomyelitis in horses at stable conditions - Case study
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Background: West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic arbovi-rus belonging to the genus Flavivirus and causes nervous system disorders in humans, birds and horses. WNV caused the largest equine encephalomyelitis outbreaks in Hungary in 2016 and 2018. It has been showing continuous spread since then. In 2016, 52 cases while in 2018, 91 cases were reported to the OIE. Objectives: We summarise the clinical diagnostic and treatment features of WNV neurologic disease specific to Hungary and to describe two cases of WNV neurologic disease with a special focus on how recumbent neurologic cases could be managed in stable conditions. Material and methods: Case management and clinical examination were performed at the home premises of both patients. The diagnosis in both cases were established according to the OIE guidelines based on the seasonality, clinical symptoms and IgM ELISA serologic positivity of acute infection. One horse needed intermittent assistance to raise while the other horse became chronically recumbent during the acute phase of the illness. In the second case a home-made sling was designed to support the patient in a standing position. Results: In both cases treatment was successful and both horses recovered from the disease.Discussion and conclusion:WNV is endemic in Hungary, causing neurologic disease outbreaks from time to time since 2008 in humans, birds and horses. Although vaccine is available for protection of horses, its high price and the lack of general awareness result in weak protection on a population level. We draw the attention of all veterinarians that WNV neuroinvasive disease is a real threat to the Hungarian equine population. We also give some ideas and guidelines how patients could be managed in their home premises on low budget, when clinical admission is not an option
Anaesthesia–related complications in horses – results of the last few years - Literature review
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In this article the authors review the literature concerning mortality associated with general anaesthesia in horses and assess whether there is evidence for a reduction in mortality over the 20 years. There were a lot of developments over the past 20 years in the field of veterinary anaesthesia- drugs: new induction agents, isoflurane or sevoflurane instead of halothane, equipment, knowledge- but the surgical interventions became also longer and more complex.The anaesthesia-associated mortality rate in horses is much higher than in other companion animals. In healthy horses it is approximately 1% but can be as high as 7, 8% in emergency cases. There are a lot of circumstances that can influence the risk factor and outcome of GA: ASA status, age, body weight, type and length of surgery, position during anaesthesia, other underlying disease, equipment, drugs, knowledge and experience of the anaesthetist and whether or not it was performed as an after-hours emergency procedures. In this paper the authors demonstrate the most common causes of death and complications based on the literature of the past few years. Intraoperative cardiac arrest tended to occur in association with the application of halothane and the number of cases decreased after the widespread use of isoflu-rane and sevoflurane. Long bone fractures during induction and recovery can lead to instant death or euthanasia. Geriatric patients, older brood mares, horses after fracture repair act for risk group. Myopathies and neuropathies also can be fatal due to the size and basic nature of the equine patients. There are a lot of components- position, padding, hypoxemia, type and duration of surgery, size and weight of the horse, other muscle diseases which can contribute this condition but the hypotension during GA is the most important risk factor. Therefore arterial blood pressure measurement and intervention is particularly important. Peripheral neuropathies affect most commonly the radial, femoral and facial nerves. These are painful conditions with loss of function potentially increasing the likelihood of bone fractures. Post- anaesthesia respiratory obstruction (PARO) includes nasal mucosal congestion, dorsal displacement of the soft palate, nostril occlusion, laryngospasm, bilateral laryngeal paresis or paralysis. Post- anaesthetic colic, thrombophlebitis, pneumonia, ophthalmic problemsalso can occur.All patients need a customized protocol based on a variety of risk factors, medical issues and the habit of the animal
Experiences obtained with artificial insemination using fresh chilled and frozen semen in mares
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Background: Cryopreservation supports very much the application of AI in the horse breeding, like in other farm animal species.Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of AI car-ried out with frozen and fresh cooled semen under field condition. One hundred twenty-nine mares of different breeds and age were involved in the study. All inseminations were carried out by the same veterinarian in the breeding season.Results and Discussion: Out of the 107 mares inseminated with fresh chilled semen, 81 mares got pregnant (81/107; 75.7%) and gave birth to 74 foals (74/81; 91.4%). Out of the 22 mares inseminated with frozen semen, 17 mares got pregnant (17/22; 77.3%), and finally 15 healthy foals were born (15/17; 88.2%). In the ratio of mares became pregnant and the foals born no significant differences were found between the two groups (p > 0.05). Authors didn’t found difference in the comparison of medians neither for the number of insemination cycles nor for the length of service period and days to conception. They found significant difference (p = 0.014) for the number of the insemination per conception in favour of frozen semen (2.5 vs. 1.8 with fresh cooled and frozen semen, respectively).The Cox-regression revealed that the type of semen has a significant impact (p < 0.001) to the service period. The negative beta value (–1.1156) for semen type means that the frozen semen makes the length of insemination period longer. It could be due to management issues, the repeated breeding with frozen semen took place only after one/few missed (not used) oestrus cycles