Hungarian Veterinary Archive
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The gastrointestinal microbiome in health and disease
No full textThis thesis seeks to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the gastrointestinal microbiota and its connection to health and disease and highlight areas in need of more research. It is a relatively new research area in some regards as the technology needed to provide a thorough and deep insight has not previously been available
A Review of Oncolytic Virotherapy as a Developing Approach to Canine Cancer Treatment
Get PDFOncolytic virotherapy is a novel approach against canine cancers emerging as an
improvement from standard chemotherapeutic therapies. Its popularity stems from the
virus’s ability to infect, replicate, and kill neoplastic cells without harming normal tissue
cells, thus decreasing the chances of post treatment adverse effects. The preferred viruses of
choice are either naturally oncolytic, such as reovirus, or genetically modified to target
certain molecules, genes or signalling pathways, such as adenovirus and poxviruses. Several
strains were derived from the above-mentioned viruses, and evaluated in comparison to
different strains within their virus genera and non-related strains from separate virus genera.
Therefore, this review aimed to discuss the past and current experiments performed in vitro
and in vivo on cell lines retrieved from selected cancer types, on murine xenograft models,
and on canine patients enrolled in clinical trials
Advancing Asian Elephant Reproduction through Artificial Insemination: Potential Artificial Insemination Outline
No full textIn the past decades, Asian elephant population throughout the world has been declining at an
alarming rate, in which they have been listed by CITES as endangered species since 1972. Many
efforts have been made to improve Asian elephant breeding both in the wild and in the captive
populations. Even though natural mating has a higher conception rate, it is not self-sustaining
due to several factors. Artificial insemination (AI) has been introduced to enhance the
reproduction rate, especially in captive population. With self-sustaining captive population,
capturing of new animals from the wild to replace the captive ones could be minimized. AI can
be advantageous in maintaining genetic diversity from distant mating and in the establishment of
gene bank resources. It would also allow sex-sorting of semen, which could contribute to correct
the currently shifted sex-ratio in the Asian elephant population. The success of AI can be
influenced by multiple factors, such as semen collection method, AI technique, semen type with
their extenders and cryoprotectants, cooling, freezing and thawing methods, as well as
appropriate timing of AI. Manual rectal stimulation is the recommended method for semen
collection, where separated sperm-rich fraction can be obtained without the need for extensive
training. A non-surgical-AI technique is suggested, where ultrasound-guided modified
endoscopic AI allows for the best visualization of semen deposition site. There is no ideal
protocol for semen extenders and cryoprotectants, rather understanding how different substances
work to maintain post-treatment semen quality. It was observed that egg yolk contains
lipoprotein, which helps to preserve plasma membrane integrity. Additional glycerol was also
seen to diminish cryoinjuries by reducing osmotic stress and minimizing the amount of water
molecules susceptible for ice crystal formation. Directional freezing was found to result in better
post-thaw semen quality, while dry shipper has the potential to be used in cryopreservation. The
timing of AI was suggested on day 0 or day 1-2 after ovulation, which occurs 24 h after ovLH
surge. Nonetheless, there are still high variation and inonsistency in the semen quality and
quantity between bulls and within an individual, making it challenging to set up a standardized
AI protocol in Asian elephants
Mapping of collagen network orientation of the femoropatellar and femorotibial region in the equine stifle joint
No full textThe aim of this research was to map the collagen fibre network in the superficial layer of the cartilage surface of the distal part of the femur. Using macroscopic and x-ray diagnostics to provide new data for the biomechanical and structural knowledge of equine stifle area.
A total of 32 equine distal femur samples were examined. The lateral and medial femur condyles and the femur trochlea were dissected and evaluated. First the quality of the hyaline cartilage was examined macroscopically and scored based on the classification of ICRS (International Cartilage Regeneration& Joint Preservation Society). The surface lines were visualized by using split-line technique. With a digital camera (D3100, Nikon) pictures were taken from different views of the samples. Those images were examined with special regard to collagen fibre network
Survey of Babesia infections of dogs in Mumbai, India
No full textBabesia are tick-borne, intra-erythrocytic, haemoprotozoan parasites that affect mammals
and birds worldwide (Kuttler, 1988). Canine babesiosis is an important disease of dogs in
south Asia, but unfortunately its epidemiology in India is not fully researched and
understood (Mandal et. al, 2014).
Prior to this, there was no information regarding the prevalence of Babesia infections in
dogs in Mumbai. Thus the aim of this study was to investigate the Babesia infections in
dogs in the city, using venous blood samples were collected from 513 dogs
Chronic Wasting Disease Outbreak in Scandinavia
Get PDFPrion diseases are a family of rare and fatal progressive neurogenerative diseases,
characterised by incubation periods up to several months or years, spongiform changes seen
as neuronal loss, and no inflammatory response, commonly seen in more frequent viral and
bacterial diseases, are visible in blood or cerebrospinal fluid
The most known prion diseases are chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids, scrapie in
sheep and goat, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle. Creutzfeldt-Jakob
disease (CJD) and the variant form (vCJD) and Kuru are examples of prion diseases occurring
in humans.
CWD is a fatal, neurodegenerative prion disease diagnosed in the family of Cervidae,
including captive and free-ranging deer, elk, moose and reindeer in North America, South
Korea, and recently in Scandinavia.
CWD is one of the few TSEs considered highly infectious and are believed to be horizontally
transmitted.
In March 2016, CWD was for the first time diagnosed in Europe. A female reindeer from the
wild reindeer area called “Nordfjella region zone 1” died during an attempt to chemically
immobilise wild reindeer in Norway. In May and June, the same year, CWD was diagnosed in
two Eurasian moose approx. 300 km. north of the first confirmed case, in Trøndelag county in
central Norway and was for the first time discovered in red deer in Norway, October 2017 in
the municipality of Gjemnes in mid-western Norway.
Classical scrapie is a fatal, neurodegenerative prion disease affecting ovine and caprine
species. The disease is known for almost 300 years, as the first case reported was in Great
Britain in 1732 in sheep. Scrapie was for the first time diagnosed in Norway in 1958 in two
rams imported from England, and Norwegian bred sheep in 1981
Influence of music on the welfare of dairy cattle: towards the establishment of an experimental protocol
Get PDFContemporary concerns have been brought into the light of scientific research, emerging simultaneously with the intensifi-cation of animal production ushered by the industrialization of agriculture over the past five decades. This gave birth to the burgeoning science that is animal welfare. First and foremost, this thesis briefly reviews what the term welfare signifies and precisely entails, replacing it to its rightful place: a scientific concept, legitimately embedded in the heart of biological science, notably through its rela-tionship to the notion of stress. By under-standing its multidimensional nature, which renders its assessment so complex, we can better comprehend the disagreements it carries inside the scientific community. Keeping all these concepts and views in mind, supplying us with a brand new precious toolbox, the review turns to the exploration of the literature on music, its various effects on animals and its possible incidences on stress and welfare. This thesis work is highlighting some substantial points, inter alia linked to the inherent nature of the stimuli that is music itself, that have been problematic when trying to draw definitive conclusions on the existence of beneficial effects of music on the welfare of animals. It is raising the curtain on important issues with a desire to clear the field for a future experimental program and to lay the first stones of a protocol that humbly wishes itself to satisfy both of the welfarists' and musicologists' concerns and demands
Effects of mycotoxin binders on serum levels of vitamins and minerals in pigs
Get PDFThe hypothesis of this thesis was, that there is no significant difference between the means
the three groups fed with basal diets combined mycotoxin binders and a control group fed
with nothing but the basal diet.
In this trial, 1344 pigs were fed 4 different rations, 3 of those with 3 different commercially
available mycotoxin binders, at a dosage of 2kg/1000kg of basal diet, the control group was
only given the basal diet. All feeds and water were available ad libitum at all times of the
day. Blood samples were taken from 48 random pigs, equally distributed among all test
groups and sex. The blood samples were repeated on the same animals 35 days later. When
all samples were obtained, they were sent to an independent laboratory for analysis of the
serum for levels of the following minerals and Vitamins: Calcium, Iron, Copper,
Magnesium, Manganese, Zink, Vitamin D, Vitamin A and Vitamin E
Embryo transfer- saving of genetic variety of the Hungarian draft horse
No full textSummary:
Background: Although embryo transfer (ET) is considered to be a routine procedure in sport horses, it is only rarely used in Hungary. This is mostly due to financial reasons, even though the value of a foal born from a carefully selected and matched dam and sire may exceed the costs of embryo transfer by far.
Objectives: Embryo transfer has not been performed in the Hungarian coldblooded horse before. The aim of our work was to prove that embryo transfer can be performed successfully in the Hungarian cold-blooded horse also.
Materials and Methods: We used semen from “5787, Karancslapújtő 96 Kondor”, a chestnut dapplestallion belonging to the Belgian 28 male line to inseminate “Vilma”, a valuable grey mare belonging to the Belgian 22 bloodline suffering from hoof cancer. Three recipient mares were available during the program. Embryo flushing was performed 8 days after insemination. The uterus was flushed in a closed environment using Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline with added glucose (1 g/l), sodium pyruvate and kanamycin (0,36 g). Non-surgical, transcervical uterine lavage was performed on the donor mare. The equineCH 34 French-type catheter was fixed with the balloon in the caudal part of the body of the uterus to avoid losing any fluid or an embryo. Gravity was used to administer and to collect the fluid: the flush medium container was placed high while the bag collecting the fluid was placed close to the ground. The valve was closed after introducing 1 litre of pre-warmed medium, the recovered medium then flowed through the Y tube and an embryo filter (70 μmM-confilter) into an empty infusion bag. This procedure was repeated 6 times.
Results and Discussion: Pregnancy examination by ultrasound proved that the procedure was successful, recipient mare No. 1 is pregnant. A healthy foal was born on the 15th of April 2018. The success of our program proves that embryo transfer may play a major role in preserving genetic diversity in the Hungarian cold-blooded horse in the coming years.
ÖSSZEFOGLALÁS
Az embriótranszfer (ET) manapság sportlovaknál rutin eljárásnak számít, mégis hazánkban elvétve alkalmazzák. Ennek legtöbbször gazdasági okai vannak, annak ellenére, hogy az embrióátültetésből született csikó értéke a megfelelő párosítás esetén messze meghaladhatja a ráfordított költségeket. A magyar hidegvérű lófajtánál korábban még nem végeztek ET-t. Jelenleg a fajtában 9 ménvonal áll rendelkezésre, amelyek számának 6 alá csökkenése a fajta megszűnését jelentené. A szerzők jelen közleményben hidegvérű kancákon, terepi körülmények között elvégzett sikeres ET-ről számolnak be
Degus and chinchillas as laboratory animals and pets - Literature review
Get PDFSUMMARY
Degus (Octodon degus) and chinchillas (Chincilla laniger and C. brevicaudata)are not only popular pets but also widely used laboratory animals. Degus are models of diabetes and are also used in sociological and human psychological studies. As the anatomy of the chinchillas’ ear is similar to that of the humans, they are predominantly used for examining aural disorders.Both species are hindgut fermenters. The difference in appearance between caecotroph and faeces – contrary to rabbits − is not conspicuous. None of them can vomit. Animals being kept as pets have 15-18% crude protein and approxi-mately 3% ether extract requirement on dry matter bases. Because of the high crude fibre requirement (> 20%, in chinchillas up to 30%), good quality meadow hay should be provided permanently. Alfalfa hay is only suitable for pregnant and lactating animals as it is high in protein and calcium. Diet low in fibre leads to diarrhoea and/or abnormal behaviour such as fur chewing. The latter may be caused by stress, high ambient temperature or high air humidity, as well. Healthy animals have orange teeth and dental abnormalities are common in both species which are only partly caused by inadequate nutrition. Fruits high in carbohydrates should be avoided as they tend to develop diabetes. Both species but especially the degus are very sensitive to such carbohydrates. The activity of insulin receptors is low (insulin resistance) as well as the insulin production of the pancreas. A common consequence of diabetes is cataract and renal dis-orders. Contrary to guinea pigs degus and chinchillas do not require vitamin C supplementation.To avoid injuries, they should not be hold by the tail. Dust bath is necessary to keep the fur coat clean and healthy. Since in the nature they live in large groups, at least two individuals should be kept together