Hungarian Veterinary Archive
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Az állatok eutanáziájának témakörével kapcsolatos kérdések, nézőpontok vizsgálata
No full textAz Állatorvostudományi Egyetem Laborállat-tudományi és Állatvédelmi Osztályán
végzett dolgozatomhoz az eutanázia témáját választottam, amely napjainkban igen fontos
kérdéseket vet fel, és napi szinten sok konfliktust eredményezhet a praxisokban. Munkám
során áttekintettem az eutanázia történelmi, vallási hátterét, humán vonatkozásait, típusait,
a végrehajtása során felhasználható készítményeket és a végleges altatás további szerteágazó
részeit. A vizsgálatokat két különböző kérdőív segítségével végeztem, melynek kérdéseit
állattartók és állatorvosok válaszolhatták meg. A felmérő kutatás elsődleges célja, hogy
megismerjük a tulajdonosok és az állatorvosok viszonyát, nézeteit az eutanáziát illetően,
valamint összehasonlítsuk a kapott eredményeket. Kutatásom alatt összesen 759 kitöltött
kérdőívet dolgoztam fel és vizsgáltam meg. Az állattartók 548 kérdőívet töltöttek ki, az
állatorvosoktól pedig 211 kitöltött kérdőív érkezett
Kutyák mastocytomájának terápiarezisztencia vizsgálata áramlás citometriai funkcionális teszt alkalmazásával
Get PDFA hízósejtes tumor (mast cell tumor, MCT) a leggyakoribb bőrtumor kutyákban
(prevalencia 0,27%, 129-265/100,000 kutya). Ezek esetében az elsődlegesen választandó
terápia többnyire a műtéti excisio. Továbbá alkalmazható kemoterápiás protokoll
(vinblastin, prednisolon) és a c-kit gén mutációjakor az elsődlegesen választandó szerek a
tirozin-kináz inhibitorok (TKI). Azonban a kezeléseknél használt gyógyszerekkel szembeni
rezisztencia esetenként kialakulhat. A rezisztencia kialakulásának hátterében leggyakrabban
az MDR1-génen kifejeződő P170-glükoprotein fokozott szintetizálása áll. A protonpumpák
ATP-ben tárolt energia felhasználásával képesek a különböző P-gp szubsztrát kemoterápiás
szereket (pl. vinblastin) az extracelluláris térbe juttatni. Kutatásunk célja az volt, hogy
megállapítsuk, a P-gp funkcionális vizsgálatából nyerhető paraméterek megbízhatóan
használhatók-e a kutyák mastocytomájának prognosztikájában
Az ABCB1 génmutáció előfordulása a magyarországi shetlandi juhászkutya állományban
No full textAz ABC szupercsaládba tartozó ABCB1/P-glikoprotein az ABCB1 gén terméke. Ez a fehérje legtöbbször a hámsejtek apikális felületén fejeződik ki, így például az agy kapillárisaiban, az epeutakban, a vékony- és vastagbélben, illetve a vesében. Ezeken a helyeken úgy funkcionál, mint transzmembrán efflux pumpa, amely megakadályozza a túlzott mennyiségű xenobiotikum és toxin bekerülését a szervezet sejtjeibe, szöveteibe. E szállítófehérje az állatorvoslásban is különös jelentőségű, hiszen számos gyógyszer (például: ivermektin, loperamid, acepromazin, dexametazon) a P-glikoprotein szubsztrátjául szolgál. A kutya ABCB1 génjében előforduló 4 bázispárt érintő, mutáció esetén nem képződik P-glikoprotein; a mutáns génnel rendelkező egyedekben számos gyógyszer alkalmazása eltérő klinikai hatással járhat. Különösen súlyos következményei lehetnek a központi idegrendszerbe bejutó és ott felhalmozódó gyógyszereknek; ataxia, központi idegrendszeri depresszió, kóma, de akár halál is.
Ezt a fajta gyógyszerérzékenységet már többféle terelőkutyában leírták, amelyek mind egy közös nagy-britanniai ősre vezethetők vissza. A prediszponált kutyafajták közé tartozó shetlandi juhászkutyák ABCB1-gén rendellenességéről már több országban született felmérés, azonban magyarországi elterjedtségéről nem sokat tudunk.
Célunk az volt, hogy feltérképezzük a hazánkban élő fajtatiszta shetlandi juhászkutyákban az ABCB1 mutáns allél előfordulásának gyakoriságát és összevessük más európai országokban tapasztalható elterjedtségével.
Kutatásunkhoz három shetlandi juhászkutya tenyésztővel vettük fel a kapcsolatot. További célunk volt, hogy a mutáció öröklődését nyomon kövessük, így a vizsgált egyedek közötti rokoni kapcsolatot is felmértük
Treatment of pyoderma, external otitis and fungal dermatitis in the small animal medicine - Literature review
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Pyoderma and external otitis has a high incidence in small animal practice. Successful management depends on an understanding of the primary predispos-ing and perpetuating factors involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Emphasis is then placed on establishing a diagnosis through physical examination, cytologic examination, culture and sensitivity testing. Pyoderma is usually associated with coagulase-positive staphylococci which multiply on skin. Pri-mary causes include hypersensitivity, ectoparasites and metabolic and immu-nological disorders. Pyodermas may be classified according to depth of infection as this affects the type and duration of therapy required and the prognosis. Deeper forms require more aggressive and prolonged therapy. Management of pyodermas depends on the identification of the underlying cause and the therapy using systemic and topical antimicrobial agents. Idiopathic cases may require time consuming or even lifelong therapy with such medicaments.The general goals of the management of otitis externa are to remove or con-trol the primary factors, clean and dry the ear, reduce inflammation and resolve secondary infections. These goals are achieved via various cleaning techniques, topical and systemic therapies
Effects on intraoperative body temperature in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)and guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)by heating the inhalational gas mixture
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Background: Anaesthetic risk is composed of factors that can (e.g. hypothermia) and cannot (e.g. old age) be influenced. The maximal heat loss from a patient occurs in the first stadium of anaesthesia and it is easier to prevent hypothermia than reheat an animal.Objectives: The aim of the authors was to test a fast and effective way to heat the anaesthetic mixture to help to reduce the heat loss from patients. The method needs to be easy, cheap and usable in everyday veterinary practise.Materials and Methods: 20 rabbits and 20 guinea pigs were examined during the study. Surgery was performed on all the animals and age, sex and weight were noted. All animals were anaesthetised using inhalational anaesthesia via a facemask. 10 animals from each group inhaled normal unheated anaesthetic mixture, while 10 animals inhaled heated anaesthetic mixture. To heat the gas, 80 cm of the inhalational breathing tube was immersed in a 40±1 °C heated water chamber. Rectal temperature was measured from each animal every 10 minutes. Results: The rectal temperature of the examined rabbits breathing heated anaesthetic mixture was an average of 1.01°C warmer than those rabbits breathingthe non-heated gas. In guinea pigs this average difference was 0.6 °C.Discussion: The study only examined the first 40 minutes of inhalational anaesthe-sia, since most surgeries are finished after 40 minutes. Due to facemasks being used in many practises, with the whole head of the animal being exposed to the cold anaesthetic mixture, that method of anaesthesia was tested. There are various heating and humidifying products on the market, but all are quite expensive. The technique used here is simple and cheap, and has proved to be an effective way to prevent hypothermia in rabbits and guinea pigs during anaesthesia
Ten cases of mitral regurgitation in the adult horse
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Background: Mitral regurgitation in horses is a relatively common clinical finding. It has a physiological form when it does not cause haemodynamic changes and does not affect exercise tolerance. In these cases, the regurgitation is usually mild, and the mitral valve leaflets are normal in appearance. Its pathological form is caused by different structural abnormalities, such as nodular or diffuse degenerative thickening of the leaflets, mitral valve prolapse, bacterial endocarditis or rupture of the chordae tendineae.Objectives: To review the current literature about mitral regurgitation, and present ten clinical cases.Materials and Methods: Ten horses with variable degree of mitral regurgita-tion were included in this retrospective study. Physical examination, two-dimensional, M-mode and colour flow Doppler echocardiography were performed in all cases.Results and Discussion: None of the horses showed signs of congestive heart failure. All animals had a systolic cardiac murmur with variable duration. Seven horses had holo- or pansystolic murmurs, the remaining three horses had a midsystolic, a mid-to-late systolic, and a systolo-diastolic murmur. Intensity of the murmurs varied between 2 and 4 out of 6. The points of maximum intensity of the murmurs were in the left 4th to 5th intercostal spaces. No cardiac arrhyth-mias were detected in the horses during the cardiology workup. Five horses had multiple increased cardiac parameters determined by echocardiography, but most of these were mild, except in three horses, where end-diastolic left atrial, and end-systolic and end-diastolic left ventricular diameters were markedly elevated. Four animals had nodular or diffuse thickening of the mitral valve, one showed mitral valve prolapse, one had a vegetative lesion on the septal leaflet of the mitral valve, and in one case it was not possible to differentiate between chordal rupture and chronic bacterial endocarditis. Four horses showed mild, another four moderate, and the remaining two severe mitral regurgitation determined by colour flow Doppler echocardiography
Colostrum composition of cows after twin- and triplet-calving
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Background: Earlier the authors determined the colostrum composition of cows after single and twin calving, and the change in the composition as a func-tion of postpartum time. It was established that the dry matter, protein, whey protein and immunoglobulin-G (IgG) content of the first colostrum immediately after calving significantly higher at twin-calving cows than at single-calving animals. As regard the other components, there were no significant differences among the cows.Objectives: During the last years they managed to collect the first milked colostrum from five cattle after triplet-calving. The objectives of this study were to determine the composition of the first milked colostrum of the triplet-calving cows, and compare the results of single-, twin- and triplet-calving cows.Materials and methods: The genotype of the three triplet-calving cows form Hajdúnánás was sired by Holstein-Friesian bulls. The population, both single-calving, twin-calving and triplet-calving, was under summer feeding conditions, based chiefly on grass. Of the three cows calving triplet-calves, two were in the second and one in the third lactation. Of the 17 control cows calving twins, eight were in the 2nd lactation and nine in the 3rd lactation. From the cattle stables of Kazsok and Kartal, they got the first colostrum of one-one Holstein-Friesian cow calving triplets. Both cows started her 2nd lactation, and were under mainly corn base silage feeding system. The composition of these samples was determined by the methods we used earlier at twin-calving animals, and the results were compared to the colostrum composition of single- and twin-calving cows.Results and discussion: It was found that for the effect of triplet-calving the protein and IgG content of colostrum increased, but the difference was not significant between twin- and triplet-calving animals. The authors are aware that others have not reported data from the point of view of the colostrum composi-tion of twin-calving, and in the case of triplet-calving, their results are unique in the world
Antibacterial activity of herbal infusions against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro
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The objective of the study was to determine the antibacterial action of herbal infusions against reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphy-lococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa27/99in vitro. The antibacterial activity of herbal infusions was determined using the agar diffu-sion test. From the culture of reference strains of S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa, we prepared a suspension of 1.5×108 CFU to match 0.5 McFar-land turbidity standard, defined with a densitometer. The obtained suspension was sieved onto Mueller-Hinton agar (Himedia), followed by further cultivation over 24 hours. The inoculations were covered with discs, which were impreg-nated with corresponding herbal infusions. For positive control, benzylpenicil-lin sodium salt was used against staphylococci, while in case of P. aeruginosa, gentamicin sulfate was used. S. aureus was most strongly inhibited by Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus, 1.46 times stronger compared to the con-trol), Fiveleaf Aralia (E. sieboldianus, 1.61) and weeping fig (Ficus benjamina, 1.35). In case of S. epidermidis, pomegranate (Punica granatum) showed antibacterial activity (3.53), while P. aeruginosa was inhibited by common yucca (Yucca fila-mentosa, 1.10), alpenrose (Rhododendron ferrugineum, 1.00), carob (Ceratonia sili-qua, 1.21), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum, 0.97), pomegranate (5.46) and Norway spruce (Picea abies, 1.51). These herbal extracts could be recommended for use against polyresistant strains of the abovementioned microorganisms. The present study showed that the abovementioned species of plants affect polyresistant bacteria strains more intensively than benzylpenicillin sodium salt
Diversity of adenoviruses occurring in turtles (Autoreferatum and literature review)
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Background: Adenoviruses (AdVs) are common infectious agents of different vertebrates worldwide. The members of the family Adenoviridae are currently classified into five genera, of which Mastadenovirus and Aviadenovirus contain the usually stenoxen pathogens of mammals and birds, respectively. Members of the other two genera, Atadenovirus and Siadenovirus, seem to be euryxen and capable of infecting representatives of several distant taxa of vertebrates, both of them including birds. The genus Ichtadenovirus encompasses the single known fish AdV originating from the white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus).Objectives: By reviewing their own results and the international literature, the authors summarize the current knowledge about the AdV infections of turtles.Materials and Methods: Organ samples and cloacal swabs, collected from dead or live fresh water turtles, were processed for DNA extraction and screened by broad-spectrum nested PCRs. The sequences of the PCR products were used in phylogeny reconstructions.Results and Discussion: DNA fragments (of approx. 320 bp and 470 bp) were amplified and sequenced from the DNA-dependent DNA polymerase and the hexon genes, respectively. The presence of a novel type AdV was demonstrated in 14 (29%) of the 48 samples examined. In some cases, the PCR products, obtained from the DNA polymerase gene, proved to be polymorphic. By molecular cloning, several different AdV genotypes were revealed in certain animals. The hexon PCR was positive in 2 samples only, yielding identical sequences. The phylogeny reconstructions, based on the deduced amino acid sequences, showed that the novel turtle adenoviruses form a separate cluster that merits the establishment of a new genus within the family Adenoviridae. The authors proposed to name this genus Testadenovirus. Similar viruses, also belonging to the new AdV lineage, have been detected in four additional turtle species from the superfamily Testudinoidea. The genetic relationships of the AdVs seemed to be congruent with those assumed for the respective turtle species