Hungarian Veterinary Archive
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Földrajzi mintavételezési QGIS-plugin fejlesztése
Get PDFÚj ismeretek szerzése a legtöbb tudományterület számára elképzelhetetlen lenne minták felhasználása nélkül. Azonban a tudományon kívül a gazdaság, a politika és a mindennapi életünk számos más része is mintákat alapul véve hoz döntéseket. Kijelenthetjük, hogy a mintából való extrapoláció egyidős az emberiséggel, annak mindennapos tevékenységéhez tartozik, csupán a minta minőségében, használhatóságában, elbírálásának mikéntjében figyelhetők meg jelentős különbségek.
A jó mintától általában az várható el, hogy segítségével pontos képet kaphassunk a populációról, amelyből származik. Leggyakrabban ezt nevezik reprezentatív mintának, mely lényegében a populáció miniatűrjének tekinthető
Microplastic in the food chain – Food Safety and Environmental aspects
Get PDFPlastic is ubiquitous in our environment. It has been an incredibly useful and indispensable
material in all aspects of human life and without it many advances in medicine, technology
or industry would not have been possible, however, the accessibility and low cost of this
material has led to global misuse. The chemical makes up of plastic has made it very easy to
manufacture but unfortunately difficult to reuse or recycle and the result is that it is thrown
away as litter, incinerated or disposed of in landfill. Hence the rise of “single use plastics”,
of the plastic waste produced between 1950 and 2015 only 9% was recycled.
There are multiple sources of plastic pollution in the environment, from direct littering,
drainage systems, landfill waste, ocean dumping, blow off etc. The plastic, once in the
environment begins to degrade through weathering and exposure to UV light eventually
reaching very small sizes. Many animals mistake these particles for food and so the plastic
enters a marine, terrestrial or freshwater food web.
These microplastic particles although chemically inert have been shown to act as tiny
“biosponges” for harmful chemicals found in the environment such as PBP (Penicillin
binding proteins), fire retardants, microbial drugs etc. changing the nature of a plastic particle
from chemically harmless to potentially toxic if ingested in large quantities. Initially it was
believed that these particles would simply pass through the GI tract of animals and humans
with no biological effect, however studies have shown that they are sometimes taken up and
distributed throughout the circulatory system and lymphatic system and may in fact be stored
in the fatty tissues of birds, plankton, mussels, fish and even humans.
The result of the uptake of these toxins showed potential carcinogenic effects, liver
dysfunction and endocrine disruption in many laboratory experiments.
In this literature review the main focus will be on micro- and nanoplastics and how these tiny
particles make their way into marine and freshwater food webs with particular attention to
microplastic trophic transfer, their toxic side effects and how they may influence the human
consumer in health and safety in the future
Effect of quercetin and its methylated derivatives on porcine intestinal epithelial cells
Get PDFFlavonoids display various beneficial effects in the human and animal body. Their anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial properties have been shown in several studies. The above-mentioned positive effects of these compounds are often attributed to their antioxidant properties which is in close correlation to the number and position of hydroxyl groups in the molecules. Besides hydroxyl flavonoids, their methylated analogues have also significant antioxidant effect because these can modulate different protein kinase signalling pathways in the cells. Nevertheless, the information regarding their effects on intestinal epithelium is quite limited. The oxidative stress developed by intestinal infections and inflammation diseases caused by pathogen bacteria leads to serious economic and health problems in animal breeding. Alternative food and feed additives, such as quercetin and its methylated analogues, could be also effective to prevent the above-mentioned diseases.
In this study, the in vitro effect of quercetin, 3-O-methylquercetin and rhamnazin (3’,7-dimethylquercetin) has been investigated in order to evaluate whether these flavonoids could attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced oxidative stress in IPEC-J2 non-transformed porcine intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, effect of the flavonoids on the morphology of the enterocytes was examined
Prevalence of hepatitis E virus in wild boar populations of Austria, Hungary and Serbia
No full textZoonotic foodborne diseases have the potential to infect humans through consumption
of infected animal origin products. The occurrence, infectivity, pathogenicity and overall
risk of these diseases are closely linked to both human and animal health.
Hepatitis E Virus is an RNA virus of the Hepeviridae family. The virus species that
has veterinary public health importance is named Orthohepevirus A and consists of 8
genotypes, all of the same serotype. Hepatitis E is considered an emerging zoonotic
disease, occurring worldwide in a variety of hosts, including, among others, humans,
swine, deer and rabbit/hare.
In humans, the virus can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis, as well as different
extrahepatic manifestations. Large waterborne epidemics are seen in developing
countries, while in the developed world the disease is sporadic, and mainly due to
foodborne infection caused by genotype 3 and 4 viruses.
Among other animal species, wild boars serve as a reservoir for the virus, and can
both spread and infect domesticated pig herds, as well as pose a direct risk of human
infection by the consumption of wild game.
The aims of this study was to investigate and compare the prevalence of HEV
infection and find evidence of the epidemiological connections between wild boar
populations in Austria, Hungary and Serbia. Altogether 482 tissue and sera samples were
collected (48 from Austria, 382 from Hungary and 63 from Serbia). The samples were
subjected to ELISA testing and NA investigations by RT-PCR and qRT-PCR
Three-Dimensional Morphological Comparison of Feline Tibiae
Get PDFObjectives: To investigate feline tibiae anatomy in order to determine how similar they are to one another, and evaluate the possibility to develop universal bone implants for i.e. fracture repair. Material and methods: CT scanning, coupled with 3D imaging are used on thirty-one cat tibiae. Measurements taken included tibial length, weight, proximal epiphysis circumference, smallest cortical circumference, smallest medullary area, angle between the malleolus and the cortex, angle between the proximal epiphysis and the cortex, valgus, tibial torsion and tibial plateau angle. 3D shape comparison between two sets of two bones was also undertaken
The effect grilling may have on the carcinogens compound levels of various fish
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate the presence of heterocyclic amines in both red and
white fish meat after the exposure to different temperatures at different time intervals. The
yellowfin tuna loin and the cod was chosen in order to get a good representation of results,
based on its high yearly consummation rate. The main heterocyclic amines in our study were
the thermic HCA´s MeIQx, 4,8-DiMelQx and PhIP, and the pyrolytic amines harman and
norharman.
For our experiment to be successfully contributable to the literature, we had to compile a
comprehensive assembling of literature. There was a vast array of literature on the topic of
heterocyclic amine formation in cooking of red meat and white meat, but considerably less
about fish. Our aim was therefore to contribute to the comparative evaluation of white and red
fish meat to the already existing articles on the topic.
Our measurements of the composition of the previously mentioned thermic and pyrolytic
amines were conducted through a serious of several steps. We used the fish exposed to the
various temperatures and time intervals to ascertain the presence of HCA’s. The LC-MS/MS
technique was used to finalize our series of experiments. This comprehensive analytical method
allowed us to merge the capacities of the liquid chromatography to separate our solutions and
the abilities of the mass spectrometry to analyse our data
Effects of Vitamin D enhancement on eggs dedicated to human consumption
No full textSolar UVB radiation is only present at adequate levels in the UK to allow the human
body to produce its vitamin D requirement from sunlight alone between the months of March
and October (NHS, 2017). Coupled with the fact that a growing proportion of the population
are employed in sectors requiring long hours spent indoors and children are spending an
increasing amount of time indoors, the incidence of vitamin D deficiencies and related
diseases are on the rise.
In this study I looked at whether the vitamin D levels in egg yolk could be raised to
200IU (5μg) via supplementing the hen’s drinking water with vitamin D and examined
whether this had any effect on egg quality.
Two sister flocks, each with 16,000 birds were used. One as a Control flock and the
other as the Trial flock. The Trial flock had vitamin D solution, D Plus, added to its drinking
water for three consecutive days a week, each week for the duration of the trial. Other than
this change in water all other variables such as feed, lighting timings etc. were kept identical
in each flock
Lung aspergillosis in roe deer (Capreolus capreolusLinnaeus, 1758) Case study
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Background: The roe deer (Capreolus capreolus,Linnaeus, 1758) is one of the most widespread and important game species in Hungary. An adult, approxi-mately 4 years old roe deer was found dead in a hunting area in Békés county by a local hunter and submitted for necropsy and histopathologic and bacteriologic examination to the National Food Chain Safety Office Laboratory of Pathology and Bacteriology of Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, in Debrecen (NFCSO, Hun-gary). Objectives: Pathogenic mycosis was identified in a wild roe deer, where the lung was quilted with several necrotic granulomas. The authors have also found parasitic infection in the gastrointestinal tract. Materials and Methods: The authors performed the dissection on the roe deer according to the standard ruminant necropsy techniques. Samples from the internal organs were put into 8% buffered formalin for fixation. After sec-tioning slides were examined with Nikon Optiphot-2 microscope. Samples from the lung were cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose and Columbia’s agar. The inoc-ulated media were incubated for 24 hours at 24 oC in Labor IncuCell V222 type incubator. Results and Discussion: The lung mycosis was caused by Aspergillussp. The hyphae of the fungi infiltrated the tissues. On the histological slides of the lung granuloma proliferation proceeded from the bronchial wall and several necrotic granulomas of 0.5 cm diameter were found in the lung. Aspergillosis can particu-larly cause pathological lesions when the animal is exposed to immunosuppres-sive effects. In this case, probably the external and internal parasitic infection (Ixodesspp. Trichostrongylusspp.) and poor body condition were the causing agents. Common drugs for the therapy of aspergillosis are itraconazole or ketoconazole but their application on the free-living wild animals of hunting areas is impracti-cal. The infection can be prevented by the eradication of the causative agents, in this case, the feed contaminated by fungi
Successful treatment of ventricular tachycardia with oral propranolol in three horses
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Background: Cardiac arrhythmias are relatively common in horses, but ven-tricular tachycardia is infrequent, therefore limited information is available about its therapy in the Hungarian literature.Objectives: To present three cases of ventricular tachycardia treated success-fully with orally administered propranolol.Materials and methods: Descriptive clinical report.Results and discussion: Three horses with elevated heart rate and colic like signs were referred to our equine clinics for further investigation and therapy. After excluding gastrointestinal and systemic diseases, uniform ventricular tachycardia was confirmed by resting electrocardiography using base-apex lead. Other ancillary diagnostic tests including echocardiography, measurement of serum cardiac troponin I concentration were used to reveal signs of structural cardiac abnormalities and possible myocardial injuries. Cardioversion in all cases was started with lidocaine first administered in bolus, then as a continuous rate of infusion. This treatment did slow the rate temporarily but was unable to con-vert the rhythm. As soon as the continuous rate infusion was withdrawn, a quick and spontaneous return to a marked tachycardia occurred. Therefore, following human literature and reported dose rates in horses, propranolol was adminis-tered orally. This therapy subsequently led to conversion to sinus rhythm. All horses received crystalloid fluids intravenously and other supportive treatment. Intravenous dexamethasone sodium phosphate was also given to two animals. After the conversion and successful recovery, horses were discharged, and the oral propranolol therapy was continued at home for different duration between eight days and one month. Follow-up cardiac examination four to eight weeks later revealed sinus rhythm in all cases. Our findings highlight the importance of performing ECG on horses with resting tachycardia exceeding 70-80/beats per minute
Removal of frontal meningioma by bilateral transfrontal approach in dog - Case study
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Background: Meningeoma is a common intracranial tumour type in dogs and cats. Epilepsy and obtunded mental state are the most common clinical signs of frontal meningiomas. Frontal lobe and olfactory bulb are the most typical place of meningioma in dogs. Many surgical procedures have been described about the removal of meningioma which depends on the placement of the tumour. Bilateral transfrontal approach is recommended in case when the meningioma locates at the frontal lobe. Followed by the tumour resection chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy are recommended.Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion: A 10-year-old Hungarian Vizsla was referred for examination to FeliCaVet Vet Clinic due to seizures and obtunded mental state. Neurological examination did not show any severe abnormalities except moderate obtundation. Preoperative examination, included blood and urine tests, abdominal- and heart ultrasound, chest radiography, were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the head revealed a 15×20 mm T2W hyperintense lesion in the right frontal lobe with “dural sign” and perilesional oedema. Bilateral transfrontal approach was performed to remove the right olfactory bulb, the neoplastic lesion and a small affected part of the right frontal lobe. After the surgery two seizures were observed during the 2 days of hospitalization. Levetiracetam was started to eliminate the postoperative seizure activity. 1 week later the first control MRI examination showed that the right olfactory bulb was completely removed together with the majority of the tumorous tissue and a small part from frontal lobe. 2 months after the surgery a second follow-up MRI examination was performed which revealed the same result as the first MRI. From the second day of the surgery the dog is fine and all the previously noted clinical signs have disappeared. 3 weeks after the surgery chemotherapy was started with hydroxyurea which is currently still ongoing