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大内氏支配下における厳島本願大願寺の活動
No full textDaiganji is a temple which was in charge of repairing and building Itsukushima Shrine from the Sengoku period to the Meiji period. Until now, it has been thought that Daiganji became involved with the Ouchi clan after 1541. However, it became clear that a letter to Daiganji by the magistrate of Ouchi was dated 1520. This revealed that the relationship between Daiganji and Ouchi dates back to before 1520 and the artizans responsible for repairing and building Itsukushima Shrine belonged to Daiganji in 1520. Ouchi had a strategy to separate the artisans who had the skills to build castles from the priests of Itsukushima Shrine and make them side with Ouchi. In this article, based on the relationship between Ouchi and Daiganji, we clarified what kind of repair work Daiganji did during the period when Ouchi ruled Itsukushima
性，学年，および年齢によるコロナ禍における大学生の生活様式変化の違い
No full text目的：長期に渡るコロナ禍の影響を受けた学生に対して，変化した生活習慣をとりもどす方策を検討すべく，性，年齢，学年の違いによるコロナ禍への影響を分析した。
方法：2020年度広島大学歯学部歯学科１～６年生320名の学生を対象に，2020年11月から2021年２月の間にコロナ禍における生活変化に関する質問紙調査を実施しており，そのデータを利用した。
結果：その結果，女子学生は，男子学生に比べ，コロナ禍において，人的交流や外出を制限していた。また，学年による生活様式の変化が見られたが，内容的に問題は認められなかった。しかし，年齢の高い学生に，金銭的困窮や体重増加が見られた。
結論：特に女子学生に対して，人的交流の場と外出の機会を設けることや精神的援助が必要であると考えられた。年齢の高い学生は，孤立しやすく，保護者からの金銭的援助が受けにくいと考えられるため，援助の必要な学生と援助を結びつけるチューター制度の充実が望まれる。OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of sex, grade, and age on the lifestyle changes of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic and to consider measures to restore their altered lifestyle habits.
METHOD: A questionnaire survey on lifestyle changes caused by the COVID-19 epidemic was conducted among 320 first- to sixth-year students in the Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hiroshima University in fiscal year 2020, between November 2020 and February 2021.
RESULTS: Female students were more restricted in their personal interactions and outings than male students. Although there were some changes in lifestyle depending on grade level over the school year, these changes were not problematic. Financial deprivation and weight gain were observed among older students.
CONCLUSION: Opportunities for personal interaction and outings, and psychiatric help are especially necessary for female students. As older students are more likely to be isolated and less likely to receive financial assistance from their parents, it might be desirable to improve the tutoring system to connect students in need with appropriate assistance
Issues and Challenges of Teaching ‘Difficult Knowledge’ for Elementary Social Studies Teachers in South Korea
No full textThis study aimed to identify which topics are challenging for Korean teachers to teach, the reasons behind these challenges, and their preferred teaching approaches. The investigation focused on the concept of difficult knowledge, which encompasses the emotional and affective aspects encountered by learners when tackling challenging subjects, as well as the practical knowledge possessed by teachers when instructing such topics. In-depth interviews were conducted with elementary school teachers majoring in social studies in Seoul and Gwangju, and a narrative case study was employed to qualitatively analyze the findings. The study revealed that the knowledge regarded as difficult for teachers to teach in South Korea is often intertwined with political ideology, including topics like the Gwangju Uprising, the history of sexual violence, and subjects related to sexuality, such as LGBTQ issues. Three primary characteristics of teachers who tackle these challenging topics were identified. Firstly, some teachers recognize the importance of these subjects but refrain from teaching them due to concerns about their students’ cognitive and emotional readiness. The second group of teachers chooses to address the “difficulty” by solely relying on textbook content. Last, there are teachers who actively seek to learn and expand their knowledge to effectively teach difficult topics. These findings shed light on the social context surrounding difficult knowledge, particularly in South Korea. The unique dynamics of South Korea’s relationship with North Korea make history topics linked to political ideology particularly challenging. Additionally, the culture of familism prevalent in South Korea significantly influences the education system. The common difficulty faced by teachers when teaching subjects related to sexuality and death is rooted in their own emotional experiences with difficult knowledge. These findings have implications for understanding the social and local contexts, considering appropriate student readiness levels, and enhancing teacher education for teaching difficult knowledge in the future
Asian War Children’s Literature in U.S. Preservice Teachers’ Learning: Disrupting American Exceptionalism Master Narrative
No full textThis action research examines the pedagogical impact of challenging the narrative of American exceptionalism through children’s literature in a U.S. teacher-preparation program. It explores how American preservice teachers engage with the United States’ complex military history in Asia, a topic often underrepresented in educational curricula. Through a three-week unit titled “Unlearning American Exceptionalism,” preservice teachers analyzed Asian-war children’s literature, revealing cognitive and emotional dissonance with the ingrained national ethos. The study’s findings suggest a shift in the preservice teachers’ perspectives, from accepting to critically questioning historical narratives, emphasizing the need for empathetic engagement and ethical reflection in teaching. The process culminated in a final assignment in which participants shared their insights with the community, emphasizing the role of educators in fostering critical consciousness. This research underscores the importance of integrating difficult history and challenging dominant narratives within social studies education, advocating for a holistic pedagogical approach to prepare future educators for an interconnected world
中国における入戸託育の実態に関する研究 : コロナ感染拡大の影響を踏まえて
No full textTakuiku irito is a small-scale decentralized caretakers’ effort in which caretakers visit a target’s home on behalf of the parents to care for the children. Because this is a decentralized nursing care service that has been developed by nursing facilities in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the relationship with centralized nursing care facilities is closer. In light of this, it is possible to explore new possibilities for examining the relationship between distributed care and centralized care. In this section, we used interviews with persons in charge of private care facilities and sent questionnaires to households using takuiku irito to examine the relationship between distributed care and centralized care and the direction of their development to understand the reality, significance, and issues concerning private care facilities in China
児童文学における地理空間 : 『小人の冒険』シリーズを事例に
No full textSince children's literature is intended for children, the emphasis is on providing a space where children can easily imagine. For this reason, authors often create the world in their works using their immediate environment as a model. The setting of a story often reflects the author's cultural background and living environment. Studying this will help to elucidate the cultural and social context in which the work is based. The aim of this study is to clarify the geospatial configurations related to the settings in each story of the "The borrowers" series. The relationship between the geographic spaces in "The borrowers" series and the real-life model locations is examined, along with the author Mary Norton's impressions of her childhood home, or her landscape of the heart. The geospatial context of the stories was found to be related to her original landscape
東ドイツ教育学におけるマルクス主義の受容と展開に関する研究
No full textDie Ziel des Artikels ist es, darzustellen, wie der Marxismus in der DDRPädagogik rezeptiert wurde. Der Marxismus ist und war die revolutionäre Ideologie von Karl Marx und Friedrich Engels, die in vielen Ländern, auch in Japan, einen bedeutenden Einfluss auf Erziehung und Pädagogik hatte. Diese Arbeit stützt sich auf den Artikel von Dieter Kirchhöfer, einem ostdeutschen Pädagogen, um die Rezeption des Marxismus in DDR darzustellen. Kirchhöfer zeigt drei Diff erenzierungen der Marxrezept in der DDR-Pädagogik, die sich auf den Unterschied zwischen Philosophie und Pädagogik sowie zwischen Forschungen in der Universität und pädagogischen Hochschulen und Forschungen der Akademie der Pädagogischen Wissenschaften (APW), stützen. Als Thema für weitere Forschungen möchte ich die Beziehung zwischen der Rezeption des Marxismus in der Pädagogik und der Bildungsspraxis untersuchen
広島大学蔵『達磨記・雲隠六帖・あかはたか』 : 『聖徳太子の本地』新出伝本としての『達磨記』を中心に（付・『達磨記』翻刻）
No full textKumogakure Rokujo is a tale that supplements The Tale of Genji. The circumstances of the succession of this tale remain largely unknown. This paper reports on a newly emerged manuscript of the tale that has been added to the collection of Hiroshima University.
Unlike other previously known manuscripts, the manuscript owned by Hiroshima University has been copied together with other works. Since the manuscript consists of three works, Darumaki, Kumogakure Rokujo, and Akahataka, it is possible to delve into one example of how Kumogakure Rokujo was recognized by exploring the characteristics of Darumaki and Akahataka. For this reason, this paper presents an outline and reprinting of the Darumaki with a view to providing support for future research on the Kumogakure Rokujo.
It is now clear that Darumaki is the same work as Shotoku Taishi no Honji, of which only one copy has been known in preceding studies, and that two other similar copies of Darumaki exist. In this respect, the manuscript owned by Hiroshima University is quite valuable.本研究は令和六年度広島大学女性研究者奨励賞の助成を受けたものです
Characteristics and Prognosis of Sporadic Neoplasias Detected in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis
No full textIntroduction: Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) develop not only UC-associated neoplasias but also sporadic neoplasias (SNs). However, few studies have described the characteristics of SNs in patients with UC. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical features and prognosis of SNs in patients with UC. Methods: A total of 141 SNs in 59 patients with UC, detected by surveillance colonoscopy at Hiroshima University Hospital between January 1999 and December 2021, were included. SNs were diagnosed based on their location, endoscopic features, and histopathologic findings along with immunohistochemical staining for Ki67 and p53. Results: Of the SNs, 91.5% were diagnosed as adenoma and 8.5% were diagnosed as carcinoma (Tis carcinoma, 3.5%; T1 carcinoma, 5.0%). 61.0% of the SNs were located in the right colon, 31.2% were located in the left colon, and 7.8% were located in the rectum. When classified based on the site of the lesion, 70.9% of SNs occurred outside and 29.1% within the affected area. Of all SNs included, 95.7% were endoscopically resected and 4.3% were surgically resected. Among the 59 patients included, synchronous SNs occurred in 23.7% and metachronous multiple SNs occurred in 40.7% during surveillance. The 5-year cumulative incidence of metachronous multiple SNs was higher in patients with synchronous multiple SNs (54.2%) than in those without synchronous multiple SNs (46.4%). Conclusion: Patients with UC with synchronous multiple SNs are at a higher risk of developing metachronous multiple SNs and may require a closer follow-up by total colonoscopy than patients without synchronous SNs
Duterte's transactionalist foreign policy and the COVID-19 crisis in the Philippines
No full textThis article contributes a new layer to the existing analyses of Duterte's foreign policy by arguing that he epitomized a transactionalist approach to Philippine foreign policy. This approach favored bilateral to multilateral relations, focused on short-term wins rather than long-term foresight, adhered to a zero-sum worldview, rejected value-based policymaking, and did not follow a grand strategy. Most of these qualities have been apparent in Duterte's relationship with China, Russia, and the United States but became even more prominent during the COVID-19 crisis. The analysis revealed that Duterte's transactionalist foreign policy rhymed with his domestic politics, and his obsession with winning now resulted in contradictions in his foreign policy, indicating a lack of a grand strategy that informed his decision-making. This article contributes a real-world case of a transactionalist foreign policy while considering whether it would persist in future policymaking in the Philippines