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短期の自然体験活動を通じた児童の心理的社会的能力の変容に関する一考察
No full textThis study aimed to clarify 1) the changes in the psychological and social ability of participants through short-term nature activities, and 2) the relationship between psychological and social ability and the contents of experiences in nature activities. A questionnaire was administered to 74 elementary students who participated in short-term nature activities. The major findings were: 1) Psychological and social ability improved, with partial exceptions, through short-term nature activities, and 2) The contents of the experiences such as challenges, achievements, and cooperation with other children showed a positive association with the changes in psychological and social ability. These results indicate that short-term nature activities for children have a positive effect on the improvement of Ikiru Chikara (Zest for Living)
イギリス地理教科書における地域調査・フィールドワーク単元の分析
No full textThis study aims to clarify what kind of learning content and learning activities are comprised in units of regional research and fieldwork in the UK, where regional learning is emphasized, and what kind of qualities and abilities are being developed. The authors would like to analyze and examine the content of British secondary education geography textbooks and obtain useful suggestions for improving regional survey learning in Japan. As a result of textbook analysis, fieldwork learning in British geography studies actively incorporates new methods such as GIS, while learning activities that consider multipul perspectives of the region and thinking toward solutions to regional issues
生物多様性の保全における倫理的課題に関する意識調査の検討
No full textIn the present study, we conducted a survey of students who are planning to become science teachers to determine the degree to which they are aware of biodiversity conservation as a topic related to bioethics. Based on the results of this survey, we examined the questionnaire items to grasp the actual awareness of science teachers and elementary ti high school students regarding ethical issues related to biodiversity conservation. The results showed that topics related to bioethics include medical treatment such as organ transplantation, and invasive alien species, and that there is also a certain level of interest in biodiversity conservation. The questionnaire included a list of 180 items, mainly based on one's own experience. Specifically, these included childhood play, interaction with living things such as keeping pets, knowledge about living things, and harm caused by living things. When conducting a questionnaire survey, these items need to be organized systematically to enable effective analysis
出身地域別に見た大学教育投資収益率 : 地域移動をともなう就職・進学行動に着目して
No full textIn this paper, we attempt to estimate the private internal rate of return on investments in college education for males by prefecture of origin, based on custom-made tabulations of the 2010 Basic Survey on Wage Structure, with a focus on the employment and college enrollment behavior with regional mobility.
The main findings are summarized as follows. First, the estimated rate of return using opportunity costs only from wages of high school graduates and college and graduate school graduates in the same prefecture, or the “within-prefecture rate of return,” is higher in prefectures with lower rates of male college attendance. Second, this is a result that largely reflects the situation in provincial areas, and if limited to metropolitan areas, the higher the “within-prefecture rate of return” is in a prefecture, the higher the rate of college enrollment is in that prefecture. Third, when the weighted average of expected rates of return is calculated taking inter-prefectural migration into account, the negative correlation between the rate of return and the rate of advancement to college becomes smaller in the provincial areas. On the other hand, the magnitude of the positive correlation between two variables in metropolitan areas does not change much. Fourth, in provincial areas, the higher the standard deviation of the expected rate of return (i.e., the risk of investment in college education), the lower the rate of advancement to college. Fifth, when direct costs, which vary depending on the type of enrollment and employment mobility assumed, are added to opportunity costs, the rate of return is higher in provincial areas for students who commute home to a university in the prefecture than for those who go away from home to a university outside the prefecture. In addition, the rate of return is higher for those who work in areas with higher wage levels after college than in their home prefectures. On the other hand, in metropolitan areas, the differences between the types are small and stable returns are expected.
The contribution of this paper is to estimate the rate of return by taking into account inter-prefectural migration, and to clarify the distribution and variation of the estimates
米国高等教育におけるマイクロクレデンシャルの展開 : リスキリング・アップスキリング機能としての新たな役割と課題
No full textThis paper explores recent trends in microcredentials within US higher education, in the context of reskilling and upskilling initiatives. To provide context, it examines the perspectives of employers and learners regarding degrees and microcredentials in US society. Additionally, it investigates how higher education institutions are integrating microcredentials in various ways to meet societal demands while uncovering the realities and challenges associated with these endeavors.
While traditional university degrees have historically been highly valued by employers, there has been a recent shift towards prioritizing skills over degrees. The urgent need to address skills shortages in the US labor market has led to a significant increase in learners opting for short-term courses to obtain skill-based microcredentials instead of enrolling in traditional degree programs. In response to declining enrollment in degree programs due to factors such as an aging population and rising tuition costs, some higher education institutions are incorporating microcredentials into their strategies. Their aim is to attract new cohorts of learners to enhance diversity and expand revenue streams. Moving forward, the positioning of US higher education institutions will be closely scrutinized as they bolster reskilling initiatives through collaboration and competition with private providers
当事者意識をもった課題探究学習につながる歴史授業開発 : 「近代の徴兵制」を事例に
No full text本研究の目的は，生徒が主体的な課題探究を通して，近現代の歴史を理解する授業を開発することである。歴史学習において，生徒が歴史に対して当事者意識をもって学習することが課題とされてきた。歴史を科学的に探究する歴史学習がねらいとしてきたのは，生徒が国家政策や当時の社会構造を理解し，それらを説明する概念や法則，仕組みを解明することであった。しかしこうした歴史学習は一方で，生徒にとって歴史が自分とは離れたものであるという認識を形成するものであったと考える。本研究では，過去の様々な立場の人々の「語り」に注目する。近代の「徴兵制」をテーマに据え，「人々は国家によって戦争に巻き込まれた存在である」という既存の見方を乗り越えるため，徴兵制にまつわる様々な人々の語りに関する資料を読解し，考察させる。こうした活動を通して，生徒の歴史学習は，当時の社会構造の中の個人を通したものとなり，国家の行為と個人の関係を踏まえた「戦争の関係者」という視点を得たものとなると考える。本稿では以上を踏まえて開発し，実践を試みた授業単元の構成と，生徒たちの思考がどのように深まったのか，その成果と課題を示す
Visual Thinking Strategiesを用いた対話的な言語活動の実践
No full text本稿の目的は，対話型鑑賞法の１つであるVisual Thinking Strategies を用いた，対話的な言語活動の実践を報告し，中学生を対象とした，話すこと［やり取り］の言語活動のあり方を具体的に検討することである。令和４（2023）年度と平成31（2019）年度の全国学力・学習状況調査における，話すこと［やり取り］の結果より，適切な根拠や他者の発言，理解した内容などに基づいて，自分の考えを形成し，表現する力の定着が不十分であることが指摘されている。本稿では，それらの課題解決のため，効果的かつ実用性の高い「互いの考えや気持ちなどを伝え合う対話的な言語活動」の提案に向けて，今後の示唆を示した
Reversible World of Cellular Automata: Data set for the Golly simulator, and solutions to selected exercises
No full textThe zip file contains rule files and pattern files that are executable on the general purpose cellular automaton simulator Golly.
These files are for simulating various reversible cellular automata and related reversible computing systems given in the following book:
K. Morita: Reversible World of Cellular Automata
-- Fantastic Phenomena and Computing in Artificial Reversible Universe,
World Scientific Publishing, Singapore (2024).
https://doi.org/10.1142/1351