ILIRIA International Review
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"The Linguistics of Ethnic Nationalism in the Western Balkans"
Get PDFThe Western Balkans socio-political discourse is heavily focused on the exclusive and radical ethnic nationalism and ideology. In this regard, the media and the political elites, through their focus on symbols, myths, ethnicity, tradition, history, language and culture play an important role in shaping the public opinion. Consequently, the daily newspapers in reporting the views of the political elites, within linguistic, discursive, socio-political and ideological contexts, can influence the masses who usually do not analyze the news critically. The paper also seeks to examine and interpret differences in language use by selected Western Balkans political leaders and the way their language choice influenced public opinion. Political, nationalist and ideological discourses promoted by the political elites are very specific and the journalists should report such discourses objectively. Therefore, it is significant to compare and contrast the role played by the media and the political elites in their linguistic, discursive and socio-linguistic choices in the text that may carry ethnic nationalist and ideological meanings. The theoretical and conceptual framework of the paper was based on Fowler’s (1989; 2003; 2010) works: “Language and Power”, “Analyzing Discourse” and “The Critical Study of Language”. In order to test research objectives on the coding and analyzing ethnic nationalism and ideology in the Western Balkans newspapers, the research employed critical discourse analysis for N=534 randomly selected news from the following four newspapers: Dnevni avaz (Bosnia and Herzegovina), “Večernji list” (Croatia), “Večernje novosti” (Serbia), “Vijesti” (Montenegro), limited to a period between 2016 and 2018
The Importance of Globalization in the Economic Integration of the Countries in the Region: The Case of Kosovo
Get PDFGlobalization represents an unavoidable phenomenon in the history of mankind, which is making the world smaller and smaller by increasing the exchange of goods, services, information, knowledge and cultures between different countries. Globalization is a process that has changed a lot in our everyday lives. This multidimensional and contradictory process brings to life the hopes and achievements that life can bring to it. The rush for greater competition is one of the main objectives of globalization. Such a thing can only be reached with market liberalization, economic integration and technology development. It is important for us to benefit from globalization. Therefore, during this paper we will discuss the importance of globalization for the integration and development of countries in the US and as a case study for Kosovo. Globalization is an unstoppable process for Kosovo, and a hope for integration and development that will impact on economic development and integration into the European Union. Following the Declaration of Independence of Kosovo on 17 February 2008 and the entry into force of the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo on 15 June 2008, the same objectives, more than before, were introduced in Kosovo. Like other transition countries, Kosovo also declared membership in the EU not only objective of foreign policy, but also a strategic social and state goal. The definition of this decision puts Kosovo at the forefront of the transition, reform and harmonization process with EU criteria
Subjective dimensions of poverty in Albania
Get PDFSubjective measurement is another important aspect of poverty and wellbeing measurement method. The estimation through self assessment is another non monetary poverty that takes into consideration the monetary and non monetary aspects. The self assessment is estimated taking into consideration qualitative and quantitative measure. In this paper there are estimated three dimensions of subjective poverty, qualitative one, estimated with minimum income needed and two others expressed with categories, happiness and assessment in scale. The research aim to study and to find the best methods of the subjective measurement, as an important dimension of non monetary poverty is to analyze trend and correlation with objective poverty and to define factors that influence in the probability of feeling poor. It is supposed that this assessment is influenced by different socio-economic indicators like household characteristics, income declared, education, employment, etc. The analyses is based on data from the Living standard Measurement Survey and there are presented methods how to calculate different dimensions of subjective assessment in order to update further on with other sources
Termination of the teaching of the Continuous Cursive Handwriting in Schools
Get PDFHandwriting is a skill that is a requirement for all individuals, however, there is a deep and decisive debate about whether or not the cursive handwriting is necessary in this era of technological innovations. While the necessity of compulsory cursive handwriting education is generally addressed by educators and politicians, there is no consensus on it, and the opinions of the people with interest or concern in education (e.g. teachers, students and parents) are not so often asked. For this reason, the aim of this study is to reveal the views of teachers, students and parents on the cursive handwriting education. 57 classroom teachers, 230 primary school fourth grade students and 14 parents participated in the study from four public primary schools in Ankara. Data were collected using ‘Personal Information Form’, ‘Cursive Handwriting Education Attitude Scale’, ‘Parent Questionnaire’ and ‘Student Questionnaire’. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics techniques and qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. According to the findings of the study, teachers and parents are not satisfied with the use of cursive handwriting. While teachers indicated that they would prefer print letters instruction if they had given a chance to choose. Parents affirmed that they could not give support to their children during their writing education. On the other hand, most of the students stated that they had difficulty in reading even their own handwritings, although most of them declared that they like to write with the cursive handwriting
Longitudinal online survey in well-being research: first experiences from CRO-WELL project
Get PDFThe aim of this report was to analyse positive and negative aspects of online administration of longitudinal well-being survey and to provide suggestions and guidelines for future research. The aim of CRO-WELL (Croatian Longitudinal Well-being Study) research was to follow well-being indicators longitudinally, on a large sample (N>5 000).For the purpose of the research we developed online platform with integrated questionnaire to assess various variables related to well-being. Participants could assess the application via various browsers, and it was also adjusted for smart phones. “Friendly use” of the online application, understanding of questions and answering method, as well as ethical concerns, was tested using focus groups and individual trials. To enable matching the participants from two waves, every participant had to log in to the web page using his/her e-mail address. While e-mail address was protected by data-base, special computer-programme created token associated with each participant. A year after completing the initial questionnaire, participants were automatically invited to complete the follow-up. This paper brings review of designing and conducting a longitudinal research having in mind advantages and disadvantages of online survey
A Literature Review of Retailing Sector and Business Retailing Types
No full textretail sector probably is the most important sector of economy because it has to do directly with consumer. It includes all stores, from kiosks and small groceries to supermarket chains and shopping malls that sell products and services to final consumer for personal and household use. The aim of this paper is to make an investigation of retail sector and its business type. To gather the data, second resources has been used. A deeply scanning of literature has been performed. According to the investigation, the retailing sector generally is organized in two main groups: the retailing within the store and retailing out of the store.Retailing within the store is classified according to different characteristics, but the most important types of classification are those based on the form of the ownership, merchandise and price. According to the ownership-based classification, the most important types are independent stores, chain stores, franchising and leased department stores. According to the merchandise-based classification the most important types of retailing are department stores, supermarkets, specialty stores, convenient stores, superstores and retailer services. According to the price-based classification, the most important types of retailing are discount stores, factory outlets, category killers, off-price stores, warehouse clubs and hypermarkets. According to the place-based classification the most important type of retailing are shopping centers. The most important types of retailing out of the store are direct selling, direct marketing and automatic vending machines selling
Change in Higher Education – View of Experts, Teachers and Students
Get PDFOur society is more mobile. This influences also our education system. It brings more international communication and cooperation. Teachers and students must change their behavior. The speed of this change is different by area. Asia has a high change rate and United States and Europe has a too slow process for adaptation.The future of education is shown in this paper from 3 perspectives:- Teachers- Experts- Student
The Bureaucracy Accountability in Implementing Free Education Program in Education Service Department in Makassar
Get PDFThis research used deductive qualitative approach through a case study. The data was collected through observation, interview, and documentation. The data was analyzed by using technique of data reduction, data presentation, data interpretation, and verification. The accountability of an organization perceives a hierarchical relationship and follows the report format provided by the superior in reporting the accountability report. The accountability report of Education Service Department of Makassar was done once in three months. Meanwhile the accountability reports from schools sometimes were delayed since the disbursement of free education fund was delayed too. Bureaucracy accountability can be seen from the achievement of the objectives and goals of accountability in the implementation of free education system at the Education Service Department of Makassar. The achieved objectives are the accountability reports of every elementary school, junior high school, and senior high school /vocational school from public and private institutions in Makassar. While the achieved target is the realization of disbursement of free education budget to every elementary school, junior high school, and senior high school/ vocational school either in public sector or in private sector can be used properly with reference to juklak and juknis of implementation of free education program at Makassar Education Service Department
Teacher-teacher and teacher-principal collaborations in the public schools of Albanian educational pre-university system
Get PDFThis paper aims to measure the degree of teacher-teacher and teacher-principal collaborations, in the public schools of Albanian educational pre-university system, and a second aim is to evaluate the relationship, - if any exists, - between those collaborations and school performance, too. The study has quantitative nature and is based on a questionnaire with 13 articles. The questionnaire is compiled by the author, based on the literature. The questionnaire is with self-report, based on the perceptions that teachers have regarding those collaborations. It is fulfilled by teachers, in-service full time, that teach at 20 public schools in the pre-university educational system in Albania, respectively in Tirana, Kamëz, Elbasan and Shkodra. The schools were chosen based on the performance criteria: schools with highest performance and schools with lowest performance. Teacher-teacher collaboration is evaluated through 7 articles (N=7, Cronbach’s Alpha=.802); teacher-principal collaboration is evaluated through 6 articles (N=6, Cronbach’s Alpha=.812). For symmetry reasons, the questionnaires for evaluation of both collaborations are constructed in similar manner, based on the philosophy of councils that teachers and principals give and take with each-other. Teachers’ self‐reported collaboration was measured by a scale from 1 to 5 (Never 1; Rarely 2; Sometimes 3; Often 4; Always 5). The data are analysed through SPSS. According to data, teachers report a higher scale of collaboration with their colleagues and a lower scale of collaboration with their principals: teacher-teacher collaboration is higher for issues related with students’ behaviour and lower for issues related with the school curricula or school aims; teacher-principal collaboration is higher for issues related with students’ behaviour and lower for issues related with their profession. From the data, there is not any statistically significant difference between level of collaboration and school performance, which stands for the high degree of teacher atomization at school. One important conclusion is that principals have a small portion of decision-making for important issues that influence directly school performance
Promotion through Marketing Channels : The Case of Kosovo
Get PDF In order for a product to be put in the hands of the customer, requires a mechanism which is called distribution channel and which enables the connection between the consumer and producer. One of the many strategies applied by Kosovar companies for the involvement of the members of the channel is also the promotion through distribution channels. Therefore, the strategies which involve the members of the channel have a higher probability to be positively accepted by the members of the channel, when they are part of a general program of supporting the needs of the producers. The process of realizing a marketing strategy of a company does not concise only of achieving specific goals of production during the realization of the promotion phase, but it also requires identifying the target market and achieving it. The purpose of this paper is to review the promotion strategy of distribution channels, which emphasize the support by the members of the channel, initiated by the producers through cooperative advertisements, promotional salaries, slotting taxes, incentives, promotions in markets and also special promotional agreements. The theoretical and practical side of the study are very important, especially regarding to new theoretical and practical views in the study context. Besides the theoretical contribution that will be offered by this paper, there will also be interesting findings in the practical aspect where through this paper, the owners, managers, firms will be able to understand the role and importance of promotion through distribution channels. Knowing that there are only few studies offered in this field, this paper offers help for everyone interested in this field. This paper contains empirical data collected by questionnaires and interviews