ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY
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Two New Records of Orchid Species for the Flora of Iraq: Anacamptis papilionacea (L.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase and Dactylorhiza romana (Sebast.) Soó
No full textThe Orchidaceae is one of the most cosmopolitan flowering families however, the national floristic knowledge for Iraqi territories is restricted by the outdated and incomplete status of Flora of Iraq. We already recently add two new records of Orchid species for Iraq and the study objective was to pursue the dynamics on field studies and thus provide new contribution for Flora of Iraq. Two new Orchid species were recorded for the first time in Iraq: (i) Anacamptis papilionacea found on Silé waterfall locality (Dostaka mountain, Duhok governorate); and (ii) Dactylorhiza romana found in Hariké locality (Gara mountain, Duhok governorate). Field illustrations, infraspecific identification (A. papilionacea subsp. schirwanica; D. romana subsp. georgica), environment and geographical distribution, conservation status and a brief discussion about the new records are provided. This study highlights the importance of floristic surveys and their continuity over time as a first step towards the modern floristic knowledge including open databases
The Plant Regulator Soaking Seeds and its Reflections on Growth and Yield Quality of Wheat
Get PDFA greenhouse pot experiment was carried out during November 2013 to May 2014. Winter wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.), cultivars Abu-Ghureb and Cham6 were used to investigate the effect of soaking seeds in 300ppm of benzyl adenine (BA) or daminozide solutions for 6 hours before sowing vegetative, yield components, leaf chlorophylls and some chemical constituents of seeds. BA treatment led to significant increases in tiller number plant-1, chlorophyll b, P, dry gluten, N and protein contents of seeds. It also led to significant decreases in number of leaves plant-1. In addition, the number of tillers plant-1, shoots dry weight plant-1, P, N and protein contents of seeds were increased by daminozide treatment, but this caused a significant decrease in the plant height, number of leaves plant-1 and flag leaf area. Number of grains plant-1, weight of 1000 grains and grains yield were significantly increased by both treatments. Cultivar variability was noted for some tested parameters. The tall, N, P content and protein content of Abu-Ghureb cultivar were higher significantly than Sham6. The case was opposite with number of leaves plant-1, flag leaf area, shoots dry weight plant-1, spike length and grain number plant-1
Absorption Parameters for Glucose Solution for Gamma Ray at 59.54 keV
Get PDFPhoton absorption parameters for glucose solution at different concentrations such as linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation coefficient, effective atomic number, electron density and density determined at 59.54 keV photon energy. The mass attenuation coefficient is calculated using the mixture rule and a correction factor to approximate the experimental model is added. Accordingly, the effective atomic number and electronic density appears to decrease with increasing glucose concentration. Moreover, the measured linear attenuation coefficient and the density for the solution are linearly increased with concentration. We can conclude that the electrical conductivity of the solution depends on the physical nature of the electrical charge carrier in the solution, concentration of the solute material, and the electronic density of the solution at the same time
Optical Design of Dilute Nitride Quantum Wells Vertical Cavity Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers for Communication Systems
Get PDFIII-V semiconductors components such as Gallium Arsenic (GaAs), Indium Antimony (InSb), Aluminum Arsenic (AlAs) and Indium Arsenic (InAs) have high carrier mobilities and direct energy gaps. This is making them indispensable for today’s optoelectronic devices such as semiconductor lasers and optical amplifiers at 1.3 μm wavelength operation. In fact, these elements are led to the invention of the Gallium Indium Nitride Arsenic (GaInNAs), where the lattice is matched to GaAs for such applications. This article is aimed to design dilute nitride GaInNAs quantum wells (QWs) enclosed between top and bottom of Aluminum (Gallium) Arsenic Al(Ga)As distributed bragg mirrors (DBRs) using MATLAB® program. Vertical cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers (VCSOAs) structures are based on Fabry Perot (FP) method to design optical gain and bandwidth gain to be operated in reflection and transmission modes. The optical model gives access to the contact layer of epitaxial structure and the reflectivity for successive radiative modes, their lasing thresholds, emission wavelengths and optical field distributions in the laser cavity
In Vitro Effect of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Seed Extracts as a Biological Acaricidal Against Some Hard Tick (Ixodidae) in Sulaimani Governorate - Kurdistan Region/Iraq
Get PDFThis study was conducted in Sulaimani governorate in order to identify the biological control of some Ixodidae genera among different flocks of cattle, sheep and goats. Four genera of Ixodidae; Boophilus spp., Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus spp. and Haemaphysalis spp., were identified in these infested animals. According to chi–square test, the highest distribution of Boophulis spp., was recorded in cattle (56.51%), and the highest distribution of Hyalomma spp., (49.82%) and Rhipicephalus spp., (28.16%) which were in sheep. The highest number of Haemophasylas spp., was obtained from goats (6.67%), whereas the lowest number of this genus (2.88% and 2.89%) was collected from cattle and sheep respectively. The toxicity of Sorghum bicolor seed extract was tested against the more distributed Ixodidae genera (Boophilus spp. and Hyalomma spp.) by immersion method on mature ticks, four concentrations (23.2, 17.4, 11.6 and 5.8 mg/dl), in addition to the control treatment (0 mg/dl) of the seed were used to evaluate the engorged females in vitro. The results showed that 100% of absolute cumulative mortality of Boophilus spp., was gain after 72 hr by 23.2 mg/dl extract concentration, followed by 17.4 mg/dl which gave 90% mortality, whereas 100% absolute cumulative mortality for Hyalomma spp., was obtained by 23.2 mg/dl extract concentration after 48 hr, followed by 17.4, 11.6 and 5.8 mg/dl concentration that gave 90%, 80% and 40% mortality after 72 hr
Non-destructive Method of Leaf Area Estimation for Oleander (Nerium oleander L.) Cultivated in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Get PDFThis study was conducted in the Iraqi Kurdistan region in January 2014 to determine the individual leaf area of oleander (Nerium oleander L.) by easy, accurate, inexpensive, and nondestructive method. Simple, multiple and exponential regression analyses were used by length (L) and width (W) and their combinations as independent variables and with leaf area as dependent variable to determine more accurate models (high coefficient of determination and less MSE). The results showed that the best fitting models that show more accurate estimation of oleander leaf area, compared to other models, were the simple linear regression that depends on length multiple width for Koya and Erbil cities and the total leaves of the two cities plants. On the other hand, the best fitting multiple linear equations were those which depend on square length and square width for Koya city and the total leaves of the two cities plants, whereas for Erbil city the best model was that depends on leaves with square length and width. Multiple linear regressions were the more accurate among the models, followed by simple linear regression, whereas the exponential model had the lowest accuracy. All coefficients of regressions values were found to be significant at the P < 0.0001 level
Taguchi Method for Investigating the Performance Parameters and Exergy of a Diesel Engine Using Four Types of Diesel Fuels
Get PDFThe effects of changes in engine operating parameters, i.e., engine speed, throttle and water temperature, for four types of diesel fuel (A, B, C and D) of different specific gravities, as supplied from local market and refineries, were studied and simultaneously optimized. The experiment design was based on Taguchi’s “L' 16” orthogonal table, and the engine was put to test at different engine speeds, throttling opening percentages and water temperatures, using different fuels. The data were analyzed using S/N (signal to noise ratio) for each factor. The obtained results show that the optimum operating conditions for minimum BSFC (brake specific fuel consumption) are achieved when the engine speed is 2500 rpm, the throttle is placed at 75% of full throttling, the water temperature is 80 oC and the engine is using fuel type D. Also, results of S/N ratio reveal that the throttle has significant influence on brake thermal and exergic efficiencies. Water temperature is the second most effective factor and then comes the influence of engine speed. The least effective factor among the studied parameters for the types of fuel considered in this experiment is the fuel type
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Seed Yield and Yield Components in Some Faba Bean Genotypes in Sulaimani Region
Get PDFThe present study was conducted at Agricultural Research Center of Bakrajo, Sulaimani, Iraq during three successive seasons 2011-2014. This research was conducted using seven faba bean cultivars namely (Zaina, Seher, Yieldiz, Civilla, Luz di Otono, Tanyari and local). The following measurements and observations were made: 100 seed weight, first node height, number of seeds/plant, number of seeds/pod, pod length, number of pods/plant and seed yield. The results indicated that highly significant and negative correlations were presented between 100 seed weight and seed yield, whereas, significant and positive correlations were presented between the numbers of seed/plant and seed yield at the second season. In addition, the results of the third season indicate that the number of seeds/plant correlated significantly and positively with seed yield, and the number of seeds/pod correlated significantly and negatively with seed yield, whereas, number of pods/plant correlated high significantly and positively with the seed yield. The character first node height showed maximum direct effect value in seed yield at the first season and the third season, while number of pods/plant showed maximum direct effect value in seed yield at the second season
Kinetics Study of the Formation of Pyrmidine Thione from the Reaction of 2,6-dibenzylidinecyclohexanone and its Derivatives with Thiourea
Get PDFKinetics of the addition of thiourea to 2,6-dibenzylidenecyclohexanone and its derivatives have been studied. The reaction is found as a pseudo-first order process which includes a nucleophilic attack by thiourea at the carbonyl group of the ketone system to produce the heterocyclic pyrimidine thione "thiopyrimidine" (Claisen route mechanism). The effect of the substituents at the para position of the 2,6-dibenzylidenecyclohexanone and its derivatives on the rate of reaction, at different temperatures, is studied. Arrhenius parameters, entropies, enthalpies and free energies of activations are estimated. A suitable mechanism, which is correspondent with the results and with Claisen routes mechanism, is suggested for this reaction
VOLUME 4, NO 2 (2016)
No full textDear readers, you are holding the seventh issue (Vol IV, No 2) of Aro the Scientific Journal of Koya University in your hand. Aro is publishing its 2nd issue as an internationally listed Scientific Journal in Kurdistan Region/Iraq. Notably, Aro has been accepted for indexing in the Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), a new edition of Web of Science™ as of Feb 2016. Content in this index is under consideration by Thomson Reuters to be accepted in the Science Citation Index Expanded™ (SCIE). All our individual articles are currently listed by Thomson Reuters using Aro’s DOI numbers. This is a great achievement that we share with our academic communities. Aro is starting its fourth year journey in leading the quality of regional scientific publications with global impact. The editorial team is determined to keep the path of such a mission and sustain Aro’s future publications with quality and reliability in mind.Despite the continuous economic downturn and war on terror which have had a great impact on scientific research and funding of the universities of our region in particular, Aro is continuing to receive great numbers of well-motivated quality papers which shows its steadily growing trust among researchers in the region, demanding the increased volume of publication. Nevertheless, Aro is finding more focus in applied sciences with research values in current regional issues having International impacts. Aro’s Associate Editorial has grown larger and well dedicated and our meeting are more richer. Our colleagues with great passion are contributing to Aro’s long-term visions.Aro was created with a long-term visions of becoming accessible to all researchers in Kurdistan and beyond, and covering a wide range of scholarly disciplines in sciences. Aro aspires to become a channel for exchange of scholarly research by establishing academic connections between scholars globally.Aro is a journal of original scientific research, global news, review paper, letters and commentary. The Aro Scientific Journal is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles as well as review articles in areas of natural sciences and technology. In this issue you will have access to original research papers in variety of areas, such as Petroleum, Physics, Chemical Engineering, Biochemistry, Engineering and Materials Science.The warm responses from researchers, academics and professionals in the last four years have made us to create a wider Editorial Board which serves the wider submitted scientific manuscripts. However, it is clear that having a dedicated and well organized editorial board for the journal is only one side of the coin. The other is the ability to attract submissions of quality research and scholarly work. We are thankful to all of those who put their trust in Aro and presented their original research work for publication in Vol IV, No 2 of the journal, as well as, our thanks are extended to the 16 peer-reviewers from the Universities worldwide for their efforts in reviewing and enabling this issue of Aro.Your support and feedback are invited and appreciated. Dilan M. RostamEditor-in-Chief Wali M HamadExecutive Publisher Dilan M. Rostam, Salah I. Yahya, Shwan K. Rachid, Basim M. Fadhil, Fahmi F. Muhammad and Muhammed H. Zangana.Executive Editorial Boar