ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY
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A Comparative Study for String Metrics and the Feasibility of Joining them as Combined Text Similarity Measures
Get PDFThis paper aims to introduce an optimized Damerau–Levenshtein and dice-coefficients using enumeration operations (ODADNEN) for providing fast string similarity measure with maintaining the results accuracy; searching to find specific words within a large text is a hard job which takes a lot of time and efforts. The string similarity measure plays a critical role in many searching problems. In this paper, different experiments were conducted to handle some spelling mistakes. An enhanced algorithm for string similarity assessment was proposed. This algorithm is a combined set of well-known algorithms with some improvements (e.g. the dice-coefficient was modified to deal with numbers instead of characters using certain conditions). These algorithms were adopted after conducting on a number of experimental tests to check its suitability. The ODADNN algorithm was tested using real data; its performance was compared with the original similarity measure. The results indicated that the most convincing measure is the proposed hybrid measure, which uses the Damerau–Levenshtein and dicedistance based on n-gram of each word to handle; also, it requires less processing time in comparison with the standard algorithms. Furthermore, it provides efficient results to assess the similarity between two words without the need to restrict the word length
VOLUME 5, NO 1 (2017)
No full textDear readers, you are holding the eighth issue (Vol V, No 1) of Aro the Scientific Journal of Koya University in your hand. Aro is publishing its 3rd issue as an internationally listed Scientific Journal in Kurdistan Region/Iraq. Notably, Aro has been accepted for indexing in the Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), a new edition of Web of Science™ as of Feb 2016. Content in this index is under consideration by Thomson Reuters to be accepted in the Science Citation Index Expanded™ (SCIE). Aro’s individual articles are currently listed by Thomson Reuters using articles unique DOI numbers which is a historical achievement for our academic community. Aro is starting its fifth year journey in leading the quality of regional scientific publications with global impact. The editorial team is determined to keep the path of such a mission and sustain Aro’s future publications with reliable quality in mind.Despite the ongoing regional economic downturn and war on terror which have had a great impact on scientific research activities and funding of the regional universities in general and Koya University in particular, Aro is continuing to receive great numbers of well motivated quality papers which shows its steadily growing trust among researchers in the region, demanding the increased volume of publication. Nevertheless, Aro is finding more focus in applied sciences with research values in current regional issues having International impacts.Aro was created with a long-term visions of becoming accessible to all researchers in Kurdistan and beyond, and covering a wide range of scholarly disciplines in sciences. Aro aspires to become a channel for exchanging of scholarly research by establishing academic connections between scholars globally. Therefore, we are asking our wider academic community to join us in this endeavor.Aro is a journal of original scientific research, global news, review paper, letters and commentary. The Aro Scientific Journal is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles as well as review articles in areas of natural sciences and technology. In this issue you will have access to original research papers in variety of areas, such as Petroleum, Physics, Chemical Engineering, Biochemistry, Engineering and Materials Science.The warm responses from researchers, academics and professionals in the last four years have made us create a wider Editorial Board which serves the wider submitted scientific manuscripts. However, it is clear that having a dedicated and well-organized editorial board for the journal is only one side of the coin. The other is the ability to attract submissions of quality research and scholarly work. We are thankful to all of those who put their trust in Aro and presented their original research work for publication in Vol V, No 1 of the journal, as well as, our thanks are extended to the 12 peer-reviewers from the Universities worldwide for their efforts in reviewing and enabling this issue of Aro.Your support and feedback are invited and appreciated. Dilan M. RostamEditor-in-Chief Wali M HamadExecutive Publisher Dilan M. Rostam, Salah I. Yahya, Shwan K. Rachid, Basim M.Fadhil, Fahmi F. Muhammad and Mohammed H. S. ZanganaExecutive Editorial Boar
Thermal Effects on Compressive Strength of Local Limestone and Claystone
Get PDFLimestone and claystone are widely used in rocky mountainous areas as building materials in Kurdistan region, in particular, the city of Koya. The outbreak of fire in buildings will have a great impact on strengths of building materials. The property performance of these local materials is heavenly understudied. This research investigates the impact of high temperature on the physicomechanical properties of limestone and claystone from Fatha Formation in Koya in Kurdistan region of Iraq. For this purpose, cores were taken from intact rocks; their ends were cut by a mechanical saw to obtain a cylindrical shape and immersed in water for 24 h, and then, subjected to physicomechanical tests of specific gravity, water absorption, porosity, and uniaxial compressive strength. For determining the residual compressive strength, the specimens were taken out from water, surface dried, and exposed to high temperatures of 450, and 650°C for 2 h using an electric oven. The results showed that claystone specimens show more stable mechanical properties than the limestone after exposure to high temperatures, and the high temperature causes lightening in color and significant cracks in both materials
Ultrasound-assisted Synthesis of Some New Curcumin Analogues and Their Corresponding Pyrazoline Derivatives
Get PDFIn this work, a series of new curcumin mono-carbonyl analogs containing benzyloxy moieties and their pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized using a green method (ultrasound assisted technique) along with traditional method. The work also includes a comparison between the two methods together and with literature. Remarkable improvements were achieved by dropping down the reaction time from hours to minutes and obtaining higher yields of the products.
Prevalence of Sarcocystis Species (Sarcocystis ovicanis and Sarcocystis capricanis) in Tongue Muscle of Sheep and Goats in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region, North Iraq
Get PDFSarcocystis species are coccidian protozoan parasites of the phylum apicomplexa. The prevalence of Sarcocystis species (Sarcocystis ovicanis and Sarcocystis capricanis) in tongue muscle of sheep and goats that collected from abattoir and outside of abattoir (at Butchers Markets) in Duhok province was determined for the first time during the period of 4 months from September 01, 2014, to January 03, 2015. Three techniques were applied for this purpose. Direct scotch cellophane adhesive tape test, muscle mincing and squash method, and pepsin digestion technique. The overall prevalence was 97% in sheep and 100% in goats. No significant difference (p>0.05) was obtained between male and female of both species. Histopathological analysis revealed different size and shape of microcysts with thick cyst wall, in addition to mild histological changes
Factors Controlling the Development of Straight Valleys and Streams in the Kurdistan Region, North and Northeast of Iraq
Get PDFThe Iraqi Kurdistan Region is a mountainous area with relief difference ranging from few hundred meters up to 3000 m, and locally more. Almost all of the mountains form anticlines that have NW–SE trend changing westwards of longitude to E–W. The carapace of the majority of the mountains is built up of Cretaceous rocks; however, some of them are of older rocks. Many of those anticlines are crossed by straight valleys and/or are crossed by streams and rivers which form again straight lines and almost coincide with regional lineaments, usually in N–S or NE–SW trend. The studied straight valleys are controlled, most probably by tectonic factors, therefore, exhibit special topographic forms, like straight lineaments crossing many successive anticlines, and also clear bending in some of the ridges in their crossing points to the valleys and/or streams. This paper aims to determine and discuss the factors that control the development of the straight valleys and/or lineaments. To achieve this aim, remote sensing and GIS techniques were followed, using Landsat, QuickBird images as well as geological maps of different scales, and different published articles
A Novel Technique for Solving Multiobjective Fuzzy Linear Programming Problems
Get PDFThis study considers multiobjective fuzzy linear programming (MFLP) problems in which the coefficients in the objective functions are triangular fuzzy numbers. The study proposing a new technique to transform MFLP problems into the equivalent single fuzzy linear programming problem and then solving it via linear ranking function using the simplex method, supported by numerical example
Evolved Sustainable Building Engineering in Vernacular Architecture of Kurdistan
Get PDFVernacular Architecture in Kurdistan is a widely understudied subject. Whilst rapid development is taking place across the Kurdistan region of Iraq, the lack of a clear knowledge of local building traditions has led to the loss of locality and engineering adaptability of newly developed buildings. Advances in mass development in the Kurdistan region need to have clear signs of Kurdish cultural heritage alongside lasting and sustainable solutions. The study of mountain villages of rural Kurdistan will provide valuable information about sustainable building practices as well as cultural values in regional settlements. This in turn will be useful in finding more adoptable green choices in the region and identifying the characteristics of the evolved building engineering of these indigenous settlements. This paper will first describes the characteristics of the evolved engineering and sustainable adoptions of Kurdish historical building traditions through selected site visits to Kurdish vernacular settlements and then analyses the building customs of rural communities of Kurdistan for possible adoption in contemporary developments
Thermodynamic Excess Properties and Intermolecular Interaction Using Fourier Transform Infrared for the Dodecylbenzenesulfonic Acid-Acetone Binary Liquid Mixture
Get PDFDensity, viscosity, and surface tension for the DBSA-Acetone system at the temperatures (293.15, 298.15, 301.15 K) have been investigated experimentally. Excess molar volume, viscosity deviation, surface tension deviation, and molar excess Gibbs free energy deviation are calculated at (293.15, 298.15, 301.15 K). All the non-ideal properties calculated are fitted to Redlich-Kister (RK) equation. FTIR spectrum of the DBSA-Acetone mixture have been characterized for studying the intermolecular interaction. The result of molar excess Gibbs free energy deviation and FTIR studies showed a weak hydrogen bonding for the mixture solution. While, the intramolecular interaction is strong in the case of pure DBSA and acetone due to the self-association of DBSA molecule or decreasing the dipole-dipole of acetone molecule. The result of FTIR supported the result of thermodynamic excess where the excess molar volumes were positive. The calculated values of excess molar volume are positive for all the temperatures ranging from (293.15 - 301.15 K). while, the values of viscosity deviation, surface tension deviation, and molar excess Gibbs free energy deviation are negative for all the temperatures studied.
Integrated Use of Geoelectrical Resistivity and Geochemical Analysis to Assess the Environmental Impact on Soil and Groundwater at Erbil Dumpsite, West of Erbil City - Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Get PDFWater is one of the most important commodities which people and other creatures have exploited more than any other resources for their survival. Many parts of Erbil City and surroundings rely on groundwater reserves for drinking and other purposes. The study area lies within Erbil plain, some 10 km west of Erbil City. The study is based on the electrical resistivity method as a tool for assessing the environmental impact on soil and groundwater. Soil and water samples were collected close to Erbil dumpsite to assess the baseline data. 28 vertical electrical sounding points were taken by Schlumberger array along three geoelectrical sections. These sections revealed five zones of alternating clastic sediments with lateral changes which represent the Bai Hassan Formation. The average depth from the surface to the top of the aquifer is about 80 m. The geoelectrical sections revealed that the septic tank discharge valleys have been polluting the soil in two zones in the vicinity of the household septic discharge site. On the other hand, no adverse impact on groundwater quality is anticipated in the present project. The geophysical method utilized in this study is fast, efficient, and cost-effective in delineating the extent of the probable contamination zone(s)