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Measurement of inclusive and differential cross sections for WW production in proton-proton collisions at = 13.6 TeV
No full textInternational audienceMeasurements at = 13.6 TeV of the opposite-sign W boson pair production cross section in proton-proton collisions are presented. The data used in this study were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2022, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 34.8 fb. Events are selected by requiring one electron and one muon of opposite charge. A maximum likelihood fit is performed on signal- and background-enriched data categories defined by the flavour and charge of the leptons, the number of jets, and number of jets originating from b quarks. An inclusive WW production cross section of 125.7 5.6 pb is measured, in agreement with standard model predictions. Cross sections are also reported in a fiducial region close to that of the detector acceptance, both inclusively and differentially, as a function of the jet multiplicity in the event. For first time in proton-proton collisions, WW events with at least two reconstructed jets are studied and compared with recent theoretical predictions
Measurement of the branching fraction ratios and using muonic decays
No full textInternational audienceThe branching fraction ratios of and decays are measured with respect to their muonic counterparts, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.0 fb collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at TeV. The reconstructed final states are formed by combining mesons with candidates, where the is reconstructed via the decay. The results are \begin{align*} R(D^{+}) &= 0.249 \pm 0.043 \pm 0.047, R(D^{*+}) &= 0.402 \pm 0.081\pm 0.085, \end{align*} where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The two measurements have a correlation coefficient of and are compatible with the Standard Model
Stairway to discovery: a report on the CMS programme of cross section measurements from millibarns to femtobarns
No full textInternational audienceThe Large Hadron Collider at CERN, delivering proton-proton collisions at much higher energies and far higher luminosities than previous machines, has enabled a comprehensive programme of measurements of the standard model (SM) processes by the CMS experiment. These unprecedented capabilities facilitate precise measurements of the properties of a wide array of processes, the most fundamental being cross sections. The discovery of the Higgs boson and the measurement of its mass became the keystone of the SM. Knowledge of the mass of the Higgs boson allows precision comparisons of the predictions of the SM with the corresponding measurements. These measurements span the range from one of the most copious SM processes, the total inelastic cross section for proton-proton interactions, to the rarest ones, such as Higgs boson pair production. They cover the production of Higgs bosons, top quarks, single and multibosons, and hadronic jets. Associated parameters, such as coupling constants, are also measured. These cross section measurements can be pictured as a descending stairway, on which the lowest steps represent the rarest processes allowed by the SM, some never seen before
Designing molecular RNA switches with Restricted Boltzmann machines
No full textInternational audienceRiboswitches are structured allosteric RNA molecules capable of switching between competing conformations in response to a metabolite binding event, eventually triggering a regulatory response. Computational modelling of these molecules is complicated by complex tertiary contacts, conditioned to the presence of their cognate metabolite. In this work, we show that Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM), a simple two-layer machine learning model, capture intricate sequence dependencies induced by secondary and tertiary structure, as well as the switching mechanism, resulting in a model that can be successfully used for the design of allosteric RNA. As a case study we consider the aptamer domain of SAM-I riboswitches. To validate the functionality of designed sequences experimentally by SHAPE-MaP, we develop a tailored analysis pipeline adequate for high-throughput probing of diverse homologous sequences. We find that among the probed 84 RBM designed sequences, showing up to 20% divergence from any natural sequence, about 28% (and 47% of the 45 among them having low RBM effective energies), are correctly structured and undergo a structural allosteric in response to SAM. Finally, we show how the flexibility of the molecule to switch conformations is connected to fine energetic features of its structural components
Factorization of polynomials over the symmetrized tropical semiring and Descartes' rule of sign over ordered valued fields
No full textInternational audienceThe symmetrized tropical semiring is an extension of the tropical semifield, initially introduced to solve tropical linear systems using Cramer's rule. It is equivalent to the signed tropical hyperfield, which has been used in the study of tropicalizations of semialgebraic sets. Polynomials over the symmetrized tropical semiring, and their factorizations, were considered by Quadrat. Recently, Baker and Lorscheid introduced a notion of multiplicity for the roots of univariate polynomials over hyperfields. In the special case of the hyperfield of signs, they related multiplicities with Descartes' rule of signs for real polynomials. More recently, Gunn extended these multiplicity definitions and characterization to the setting of “whole idylls”. We investigate here the factorizations of univariate polynomial functions over symmetrized tropical semirings, and relate them to the multiplicities of roots over these semirings. We deduce Descartes' rule for “signs and valuations”, which applies to polynomials over a real closed field with a convex valuation and an arbitrary (divisible) value group. We show in particular that the inequality of Descartes' rule is tight when the value group is non-trivial. This extends a characterization of Gunn from the rank one case to arbitrary value groups, also answering the tightness question. Our results are obtained using the framework of semiring systems introduced by Rowen, together with model theory of valued fields
Scaling limit of graph classes through split decomposition
No full text47 pagesInternational audienceWe prove that Aldous' Brownian CRT is the scaling limit, with respect to the Gromov--Prokhorov topology, of uniform random graphs in each of the three following families of graphs: distance-hereditary graphs, -connected distance-hereditary graphs and -leaf power graphs. Our approach is based on the split decomposition and on analytic combinatorics
Circular on Participation By Public Officers in the Upcoming By-Elections
Get PDFFollowing the announcement by IEBC of the upcoming by-elections to fill 24 vacant seats in Parliament and various County Assemblies on 27th November 2025, the Public Service Commission, pursuant to its mandate in Articles 234 (2)(c) hereby notifies as follows.................................................
Makueni County Annual Development Plan 2025/2026
Get PDFThe County Annual Development Plan (CADP) 2025/26 is the third Annual Development Plan implementing the County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP) 2023-2027. It is the policy blueprint that will guide development in the county for FY 2025/26. The Plan is prepared in adherence to guidelines by The National Treasury and Economic Planning and the legal provisions in the Public Finance Management Act (PFMA) 2012, Section 126 and in accordance with Article 220 (2) of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010.
The CADP 2025/26 is themed “Stimulating local economies for shared prosperity” and highlights the importance of local economic actors in both farm and non-farm enterprises including institutions within our rural communities. The main focus on local economies will be driven by Agriculture, Land, Water, Trade and Local livelihoods specific to each Ward. The priority interventions have been aligned in a sectoral approach according to the eight sectors in the County.
The plan is divided into five chapters. Chapter One provides an overview of the county with a brief description on the position and size, physical and topographic features, climatic conditions, ecological conditions, administrative and political units and demographic features. It also provides a snapshot of the county economy, the rationale for preparation of the CADP and the preparation process. Chapter Two reviews the implementation of the previous Annual Development Plan analyzing both the financial and non-financial performance. It also provides the challenges, emerging issues, lessons learnt and recommendations
Embu County Programme Based Budget 2025/2026
Get PDFThe Embu County Programme-Based Budget (PBB) for the Financial Year 2025/2026 presents a comprehensive financial framework aligned with the County’s vision of inclusive growth, sustainable development, and efficient service delivery. Guided by the principles of transparency, accountability, and prudent resource management, this budget translates the priorities outlined in the County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP) 2023–2027 into actionable programmes aimed at improving the quality of life for all residents. The total resource envelope for the financial year comprises allocations from the national equitable share, conditional grants, and enhanced own-source revenue generated through the County’s ongoing digitization and revenue automation initiatives. The budget emphasizes key sectors including health, agriculture, infrastructure, education, and water—areas central to economic empowerment and social well-being. In adopting the Programme-Based Budgeting approach, the County Government of Embu seeks to strengthen the linkage between resources, performance, and results, ensuring that every shilling spent delivers measurable impact. This fiscal plan also reaffirms the County’s commitment to good governance, fiscal discipline, and citizen participation in the development process. Through this budget, the County aims to accelerate implementation of flagship projects, enhance service delivery, and promote equitable development across all wards. The 2025/2026 PBB therefore represents not only a financial plan but also a statement of the County’s resolve to build a resilient, prosperous, and self-reliant Embu
Isiolo County Fiscal Strategy Paper 2025
Get PDFThe 2025 County Fiscal Strategy Paper (C-FSP) is the third to be prepared under the Administration of H.E. Abdi Ibrahim Hassan, EGH. It sets out the administration’s policies, priority programs, strategies and reforms for the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) as outlined in the 2025/26 County Annual Development Plan(C-ADP). Since coming into office in August 2022, the Government has implemented bold policy responses to mitigate the persistent shocks that have been negatively affecting the county economy. Aside from these shocks, the County continues to be confronted by significant losses and damages due to frequent extreme weather events such as drought and floods. These events affected agricultural productivity and have triggered resource based conflicts among communities. Further, the county economy faces the recurrent challenge of low access to finance for business and development; rigidities in business regulatory framework; weak governance; and fiscal risks including stalled public projects, payment arrears; and high pending service that has hindered the economy from achieving its full potential. The 2025 CFSP outlines the Medium-Term Fiscal Framework, which offers mechanisms for entrenching sustainable growth and development for efficient service delivery in Isiolo County. This calls for openness, transparency, accountability, responsiveness, and abiding by the rule of law to facilitate fiscal discipline and maintain macroeconomic stability. Currently, the County’s focus is in implementing priority areas identified in 2023-2027 County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP) and 2024/25 C-ADP. Some of the priority includes: Enhancing County Food Security; Investing in Quality, Affordable and Accessible Health Services; Increase access to clean and safe water; Expanding and maintaining the road network; Investing in ECDE and Vocational Training; Good Governance; Urban Development and enhancement of county own generated revenue. This Paper articulates Economic Policies and Structural Reforms as well as sector-based expenditure Programmes that the County intends to implement in order to achieve the broad goal of its development agenda. The above-identified priority areas will inform the 2025/26 budget estimates.
Given the limited resources, the hard sector ceilings provided in this CFSP will form a basis for preparation of the detailed 2025/26 Budget estimate and the Medium-Term expenditure framework to be submitted to the county assembly by 30th April 2025