Helsebibliotekets Research Archive
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Profylaktisk behandling av cluster hodepine - litteratursøk
No full textNORSK: Dette litteratursøket er utført på oppdrag fra Helseøkonomiforvaltningen HELFO. Bestillingen var en oversikt over studier av den forebyggende effekten av prednisolon og andre steroider, og av verapamil, på cluster hodepine.\ud
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Vi søkte systematisk i internasjonale vitenskapelige databaser etter systematiske oversiktsartikler, randomiserte kontrollerte studier (RCTer) og observasjonsstudier som undersøkte nytten av de aktuelle legemidlene.\ud
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Søkeresultatet var 204 unike referanser som vi gikk gjennom sammendragene til.\ud
Vi vurderte 17 publikasjoner som relevante for bestillingen. Publikasjonene ble kategorisert etter type legemiddel og studiedesignENGLISH: 1-page key messages\ud
This literature search is conducted on behalf of the Norwegian Health Economics Administration (HELFO). The aim of this project was to provide an overview of studies on preventive effects of prednisolone and other steroids, and of verapamil, for cluster headache. We searched systematically in international scientific databases for systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTer) and observational studies that examined the usefulness of those drugs.\ud
Search results were 204 unique references, of which we screened the abstracts for relevance. We listed 17 relevant publications. The publications were categorized by type of drug and study design
Analyse av variasjon i representative doser\ud ved undersøkelser med computertomografi\ud (CT)
No full textAnalyse av CT dosedata fra tidligere Helse Øst, viser en reduksjon i doser på 20 % i virksomheter\ud
som reviderer protokollene sine jevnlig, arbeider flerfaglig med optimalisering (medisinsk\ud
fysiker, radiograf og radiolog) og har fagradiograf med videreutdanning i CT.Analysis of patient dose values from CT examinations done in hospitals in the Oslo area show\ud
reductions in local DRL's in the order of 20% for those who frequently revise their protocols,\ud
work multidisciplinary with optimization (medical physicist, radiograph and radiologist) and\ud
where the radiographer has postgraduate studies in CT
Late-onset familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) Val30Met without family history.
No full textFamilial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) is rare and most commonly caused by the Val30Met mutation of the transthyretin (TTR) gene. Beside polyneuropathy, other complications due to amyloid deposits occur, but may vary in phenotype. The mutation tends to occur in endemic clusters. We describe a 65-year-old man from a non-endemic FAPVal30Met area who developed a progressive generalized painless axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy with mild autonomic involvement and absent FAP symptoms in the family. Nerve biopsy showed amyloid deposits, staining with TTR-antibodies on immunohistochemistry. After DNA-sequencing of the TTR gene, the diagnosis of FAP Val30Met was made. Late-onset FAP Val30Met is a progressive and fatal disorder with varying penetrance, and may occur in non-endemic areas and cases without a family history
Doubling of the capacity of child psychiatric services in a region of southwestern Norway--how did it affect the composition of the clinical population?
No full textThis study analyzes changes in reasons for referral, diagnoses, age at referral and waiting times when the capacity of child and adolescent mental health services in an area was doubled over an 8-year period. In the region studied, there is a population of 60,000 children in the age-range 0-13 years. The treatment capacity rose from treating 0.9% of the population per year to 1.8%. There were only slight changes in the distribution of reasons for referral. Among diagnoses, there was a significant increase in the proportion of hyperkinetic disorder, at the expense of stress-related disorders, conduct disorders and emotional disorders with onset in childhood. Furthermore, the study found that the wait duration and age at referral remained almost unchanged. The results of the study support that the capacity of the services in 2004 is still not sufficient to meet fully the population needs, and that awareness should be directed towards early intervention and children with emotional disorders
The association between GP and patient ratings of quality of care at outpatient clinics.
No full textBACKGROUND: GPs and patients are frequently asked to evaluate mental health care, but studies including evaluations from both groups are rare. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between GPs' and patients' assessment of mental health outpatient clinic in Norway and identify important health care predictors for patient and GP satisfaction with the clinics. METHODS: Two cross-sectional national surveys were carried out: survey of GPs in 2006 and patients in 2007 evaluating outpatient clinics at 69 community mental health centres in Norway. A total of 2009 GPs and 9001 outpatients assessed the clinics by means of a postal questionnaire. Main outcome measures were correlations between GP and patient ratings of the outpatient clinics at the clinic level and health care predictors for patient satisfaction and GP satisfaction with the clinics. RESULTS: Clinic scores for GPs' and patients' assessment of waiting time were moderate to highly correlated (0.65), while clinic scores for GP and patient satisfaction had a lower but significant positive association (0.37). Significant positive correlations between clinic scores for GP and patients ratings were found for 38 of the 48 associations tested. The most important predictors for patient satisfaction with the clinics were interaction with the clinician (beta: 0.23) and being met with politeness and respect at the clinic (beta: 0.19), while the most important predictors for GP satisfaction with the clinics were perceived competence (beta: 0.25), rejection of referrals (beta: -0.17) and waiting time for patients (beta: -0.16). CONCLUSIONS: A consistent positive association between GP and patient ratings at the clinic level was identified. Mental health services aiming at improving GP and patient satisfaction should be sensitive to the fact that the two groups prioritize different health care factors
Occurrence and risk factors for apathy in Parkinson disease: a 4-year prospective longitudinal study.
No full textBACKGROUND: Apathy is a common but under-recognised behavioural disorder associated with depression and cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). However, the longitudinal course of apathy in PD has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: To examine the occurrence of and risk factors for apathy over time in a representative sample of patients with PD. METHODS: A sample of 139 patients was drawn from a population-based prevalence study of PD in Rogaland County, Western Norway. Apathy was measured with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, using a composite score >or=4 to indicate clinically significant apathy. Additional measurements included standardised rating scales for parkinsonism, depression and cognitive impairment. A follow-up evaluation was carried out in 79 patients (78.2% of the survivors) 4 years later. RESULTS: Of the 79 patients included in this study, 29 patients (36.7%) had never had apathy, 11 (13.9%) had persistent apathy, and a further 39 (49.4%) developed apathy during follow-up. At follow-up, patients with apathy were more frequently depressed and demented than never-apathetic patients. Dementia at baseline and a more rapid decline in speech and axial impairment during follow-up were independent risk factors for incident apathy. CONCLUSIONS: Apathy is a persistent behavioural feature in PD with a high incidence and prevalence over time. Progression of motor signs predominantly mediated by non-dopaminergic systems may be a useful preclinical marker for incident apathy in PD
Nære pårørende av alkoholmisbrukere. Hvor mange er de og hvordan berøres de?
No full textNORSK SAMMENDRAG: Mellom 50 000 og 150 000 barn og mellom 50 000 og 100 000 ektefeller/partnere bor sammen med personer med et risikofylt alkoholkonsum i Norge. Mer enn 130 000 har i løpet av livet opplevd ulike negative konsekvenser av foreldres eller partners alkoholproblemer.\ud
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Da det ikke er noen klare skiller mellom alkoholmisbrukere og andre alkoholbrukere, ville det være misvisende å lage et enkelt anslag over antall barn og partnere som berøres. Det er derfor angitt intervaller som antyder i hvilket størrelsesområde antallet trolig befinner seg.\ud
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For første gang\ud
Beregningene i rapporten er gjort på grunnlag av en intervjuundersøkelse blant vel 2000 voksne og en spørreskjemaundersøkelse blant vel 20 000 ungdommer. Det er første gang det er gjort beregninger i Norge av hvor mange nære pårørende det er til alkoholmisbrukere og hvilke negative konsekvenser de opplever.\ud
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Negative konsekvenser\ud
De negative konsekvensene varierer både i type, varighet og alvorlighetsgrad. Blant de mulige konsekvensene som er undersøkt i denne studien, er sjikane, vold og trusler om vold, seksuelle overgrep og uønsket seksuell tilnærming og hærverk.\ud
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Psykososiale problemer\ud
Blant ungdom øker andelen med ulike psykososiale problemer som å bli utsatt for vold, dårlig mental helse og dårlige foreldrerelasjoner, med hyppigheten av å se foreldrene beruset. Ungdom som så foreldrene beruset flere ganger i uka, hadde 3 – 5 ganger høyere risiko for å få slike problemer sammenlignet med annen ungdom. Likevel er det et flertall som ikke rapporterer denne typen problemer, selv blant dem som ofte opplever at foreldrene er beruset.\ud
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Forsømt forskningsområde\ud
Alkoholbrukets konsekvenser for nære pårørende er et forsømt forskningsområde. Gjennomgangen av forskningslitteraturen viser at det åpenbart er behov for mer forskning om norske forhold. Det er også viktig å bidra til den internasjonale kunnskapen om dette feltet.ENGLISH SUMMARY: Alcohol accounts for the largest fraction of substance related problems, both with respect to the number substance abusers and with respect to the extent of health and social consequences of substance use. The aim of the report was twofold: (i) to estimate the number of children and partners who live with an alcohol abuser, and (ii) to examine negative consequences that they experience. This is the first attempt to examine these issues using Norwegian data.\ud
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We used two available data sets for the analyses; one interview survey conducted among more than 2000 adults and a school based survey conducted among more than 20 000 adolescents. An important concern of this report has been to show that there are no clear distinctions between those who abuse alcohol or people with a hazardous drinking pattern and other alcohol consumers. Moreover, children and partners of heavy drinkers may experience negative consequences that will probably vary with respect to type of consequences as well as degree of severity. Such consequences can probably be attributed to a larger group of alcohol consumers than the small group of the most heavy drinkers.\ud
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Our estimates showed that we may assume that there are some 50 000 – 150 000 children and some 50 000 – 100 000 partners living with persons who have a hazardous alcohol consumption. There are more than 130 000 persons who, during their adulthood, have experienced certain types of consequences (harassment, violent threats, unwanted sexual contact, vandalism, and sexual abuse) due to parents’ or partners’ heavy drinking. Among adolescents, psychosocial problems such as violence, mental health problems and poor parental relations, were found to increase with frequency of exposure to parental alcohol intoxication. However, even among those who often have seen their parents intoxicated, the majority did not report having experienced any of these problems.\ud
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A review of the research literature showed that this is a neglected area of research. It is clearly a need not only for further research on Norwegian conditions in this area, but also important to contribute to the international scientific literature on this topic
Brukererfaringer med svangerskaps-, fødsels og barselomsorg. En kartlegging av nasjonale undersøkelser og validerte måleinstrumenter
No full textBruk av røntgendiagnostikk blant norske tannlegar. Prosjektretta tilsyn etter ny forskrift om strålevern og bruk av stråling
No full textA survey among all dentists with e-mail addresses registered with The Norwegian Dental Association (NDA) has been conducted. In addition an audit has been conducted among 21 dentists. This report summarizes the results of the survey and the findings at the audits