Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)
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TRANSDERMAL PATCH PILIS FROM TURMERIC RHIZOME AND BLACK SEEDS FOR TREATMENT BASED ON ETHNOPHARMACY
Full text linkPilis, a traditional product containing various herbal ingredients, is currently less desir-able due to its impractical and unfashionable method of application. Pilis is used to treat dizziness, pain, eye fatigue, encephalitis in children, fever, and to aid recovery for mothers after childbirth. However, pilis also carries risks related to uncontrolled dosage and contamination, particularly from chemical or heavy metal pollutants, which may cause toxic reactions. To mitigate these risks, pilis should be used in recommended doses and produced under clean and safe conditions. This research aimed to provide the innovation of patches as an alternative treatment to increase attractiveness and control the active substances released and delivered for a long time. Transdermal patches are made from a combination of turmeric and black seed containing flavonoid active metabolite compounds, namely curcumin, carotenoids, quercetin, kaempferol, and apigenin. The combination has a synergistic effect that can increase total flavonoid levels and the therapeutic effect of pilis. The method used in this research was litera-ture review and data analysis. The results showed the effect of transdermal patch pilis from the combined extracts added to the formula in vitro and in vivo using animal tests. In conclusion, transdermal patch pilis has prospects as a topical treatment based on the combination of an active delivery system with a patch and metered dose system
DIVERSITY AND DENSITY OF MEGABENTHOS IN CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEMS IN KERA ISLAND WATERS, KUPANG DISTRICT, INDONESIA
Full text linkKera Island belongs to the small islands of the East Nusa Tenggara with the potential conservation of coral reefs and various associated megabenthos organisms. This research aims to a) determine the diversity and density of megabenthos in coral reef ecosystems in Kera Island Waters, b) investigate the grouping between variables from environmental characteristics of megabenthos in coral reef ecosystems in Kera Island Waters, and c) observe the relationship between the diversity and density of megabenthos with the percentage of coral cover in Kera Island Waters. The research method used was a survey with direct measurements in the field. Megabenthos data was taken using the Benthos Belt Transect technique, while the coral cover was taken using the Underwater Photo Transect technique and analyzed using CPCe 4.1 software. The research data were then analyzed for density and percentage of megabenthos, diversity index value, (H’) Shannon, coral cover, organic matter, carbonate content, principal component analysis, and correlation. The study's results regarding the diversity index value of megabenthos in Kera Island Waters ranged from 0.796 to 1.631. The similarity of environmental parameters makes two main components. The first includes current velocity, organic content, dissolved oxygen, and depth; the second are carbonate content, TDS, temperature, and salinity characterize the second main component. The average organic matter was 8.32%, while the carbonate content was 50.09%. The coral reefs and megabenthos density had a robust relationship, with a correlation coefficient of 0.93
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON THE STABILITY OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULO-SIS SHIKIMATE KINASE (MtSK): STRATEGIES FOR SECURE TRANSPORT
Full text linkMycobacterium tuberculosis Shikimate Kinase (MtSK) has a crucial role in the shikimic pathway, which is essential for this bacteria but is absent in humans, making it a potential target for novel anti-tuberculosis drugs. This study used enzyme-coupled fluorescence to examine the stability of MtSK stored in 50% glycerol at -30 ℃, 4 ℃, and ±28 ℃ for six days. Results showed stable enzyme activity values (α=0.05) at all temperatures. This research underscores that MtSK’s stability depends on its molecular properties, including GC content, hydrophobic residues, Mg2+ binding, and intra-helical salt bridge. Despite some activity decline over time due to glycerol-induced aggregation, MtSK can be safely transported at ±28 ℃ for up to six days without special cooling compartment. Understanding MtSK stability ensures its active conformation remains consistent, reducing off-target effects on drug design and enhancing drug efficacy. This insight ultimately leads to high-quality and commercially viable tuberculosis treatment development. Future research should explore MtSK stability at higher temperatures and assess the optimal glycerol content for cryopreservation
THE ANTI-APOPTOTIC POTENTIAL OF Paederia foetida L. LEAF EXTRACT THROUGH THE DOWNREGULATION OF CASPASE-3 EXPRESSION IN AN ESCHERICHIA COLI-INDUCED SEPSIS MICE MODEL
Full text linkSepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by an abnormal immune response to infection, leading to high mortality rates in intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. Caspase-3, a crucial enzyme in the apoptosis pathway, plays a significant role in sep-sis-related cellular damage. This study investigates the anti-apoptotic potential of Paederia foetida L. leaf extract by examining its effect on Caspase-3 expression in an Escherichia coli-induced sepsis mice model. Male Balb/c mice were divided into six groups, including positive control, negative control, and treatment groups receiving varying doses of the extract (100 mg/kgBW, 300 mg/kgBW, and 500 mg/kgBW). Caspase-3 expression in the spleen was measured after 24 hours of treatment. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in Caspase-3 expression, particularly in the group treated with 500 mg/kgBW of the extract, indicating its anti-apoptotic effect. These findings suggest that P. foetida leaf extract may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for reducing cell apoptosis in sepsis, warranting further investigation into its mechanisms and clinical pharmacological field
STUDY OF ANTI-BACTERIAL AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF INDONESIA’S FLORA BIODIVERSITY AS DRUG CANDIDATES FOR DIABETIC ULCER THROUGH IN SILICO AND IN VITRO APPROACH
Full text linkThis study is driven by the substantial increase in the number of diabetes mellitus patients, which is projected to triple by 2030 and the immense potential of Indonesia's extensive biodiversity. Diabetic ulcers represent one of the most common complications stemming from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Therefore, this research aims to determine the therapeutic potential of Indonesian biodiversity for diabetic ulcers, focusing on the anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of secondary metabolite derivatives, employing both in silico and in vitro approaches. Initially, the research employed an in silico approach, conducting molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations on reference ligands obtained from the 6KVS receptor for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and the 5KIR for the COX-2 protein. Molecular docking was performed for 18 secondary metabolite derivative test compounds using Autodock Vina, followed by molecular dynamics simulations. The results of the molecular dynamics simulations showed that flavanonols exhibited the highest stability among the test compounds, with an average root mean squared deviation of 0.139493 Å for anti-bacterial tests and 0.182499 Å for anti-inflammatory tests after 50 ns simulation. Based on the results of molecular dynamics simulations, in vitro anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory testing was conducted using flavanonol compounds found in Ananas comosus plants. In the anti-bacterial test, the pineapple extract, at a 5% concentration, exhibited the largest inhibitory zone diameter, 3.53 mm. In the anti-inflammatory tests, the pineapple extract at an optimal concentration of 600 ppm showed the highest absorbance value for protein denaturation, measuring 0.11133 au
ANALYSIS AND POTENTIAL THE ECO-ENZYME OF SEVERAL TYPES OF FRUIT PEELS IN LEACHATE REMEDIATION
Full text linkThis research aims to determine the potential of ecoenzymes from several types of fruit peel in the process of reducing TDS levels of COD, BOD, ammonium and phosphate as well as the number of bacterial colonies in leachate water. So the research involved activities to make ecoenzymes from 4 types of fruit peel, namely banana, dragon fruit, pineapple and orange. Next, the ecoenzyme results were applied to leachate water to test its remediation potential in a ratio of 1:2 (10% ecoenzyme). This research uses a descriptive method, which uses parameters namely TDS, COD, BOD, phosphate, ammonium, and counting bacterial colonies. The results show that ecoenzymes have the potential to remediate leachate waste during five days of incubation, where it can be seen that ecoenzymes can reduce ammonium and phosphate levels but not BOD and COD. From the results, the average reduction in ammonia levels was higher for ecoenzymes from banana peel and pineapple fruit with an average value (mg/l) of P1=14.6; P2=0.55; P3=1.44; P4=0.675 and P5=2.44 (P1: Leachate; P2: Leachate + banana peel ecoenzyme; P3: Leachate + Dragon Fruit peel ecoenzyme; P4: Leachate + Pineapple Peel; P5: Leachate + Fruit peel Orange). Meanwhile, the highest reduction in phosphate was found in remediation using ecoenzymes from orange peel where the average value was P5=3.05 < P1=8.2. The results of ecoenzyme remediation from four types of fruit peel only have the potential to reduce ammonia levels, and likewise the reduction in phosphate occurs after adding orange peel ecoenzymes
CONCOMITANT PSORIASIS VULGARIS AND METABOLIC SYNDROME: A CASE REPORT
Full text linkAmong the various dermatological conditions, psoriasis assumes significant relevance concerning Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). A 57-year-old man presents with pruritic and scaly erythematous plaque on the right ankle persisting for four weeks. The dermatological examination uncovered a noticeable erythematous plaque with a scaly surface on the right ankle, conclusively observed as psoriasis clinical features. Physical examination for metabolic syndrome indicated blood pressure readings of 160/100 mmHg and central obesity with a waist circumference of 98 cm. The psoriasis treatment involves the use of topical corticosteroids and emollients, along with oral metabolic medication consisting of simvastatin and amlodipine, and lifestyle modifications to treat the metabolic disorder. Metabolic syndrome leads to an elevation in the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are shared characteristics with psoriasis. Following comprehensive therapy of ten days of topical treatment and lifestyle modifications, the patient experienced an improvement in the active psoriatic lesions, despite the presence of metabolic disorders
COMBINED TREATMENT OF LANDFILL LEACHATE USING COAGULATION-FLOCCULATION AND ANAEROBIC-AEROBIC BIOFILTER WITH BIOBALL
Full text linkPiles of waste in landfills can produce leachate that smells bad and contains organic and inorganic materials as well as some pathogenic bacteria. A biofilter is a simple method that can be used to degrade pollutant parameters dissolved in leachate. This research aims to determine the efficiency value of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) concentrations in the leachate of Blandongan Landfill, Pasuruan City. The leachate treatment process uses the coagulation method as pretreatment with aluminum sulfate coagulants (Al2(SO4)3) and Ferric Chloride (FeCl3) followed by biofilter using bioball media. The variables in this research were the differences in the concentration of the coagulant used and the bioball media with a height of 15 cm. The results show that in bioball me-dia the value of reduction efficiency is better in reducing COD levels by 77.73%, BOD by 79.40%, and TSS by 81.48%. This research combines leachate treatment technol-ogy, where the coagulation-flocculation method becomes the pre-treatment of the leachate before continuing with an anaerobic-aerobic biofilter
MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF JAMU BERAS KENCUR
Full text linkBackground: Jamu Beras Kencur (JBK) is recognized as an herbal medicine, containing two main components: the rhizome of Kaempferia galanga and rice. While previous research has identified bioactive compounds in galangal rhizomes, such as Ethyl p-Methoxycinnamate (EPMC), Ethyl-cinnamate, and Kaempferol, there are few reports on polar or aqueous compounds in JBK. LC-MS/MS and GC-MS enable comprehensive analysis of bioactive compounds, with LC-MS/MS detecting non-volatile, polar, and thermally sensitive compounds like flavonoids and glycosides, while GC-MS analyzes volatile and semi-volatile compounds, such as terpenoids, providing precise separation and identification. Therefore, this study were to know the amount and the growth of contaminant bacteria, yeast and mold; to determine the main bioactive compounds in JBK; and to determine the bioactive compound in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of rhizome that analysed with LC-MS/MS and GC-MS. Methode: JBK samples were sourced from local producers in West Jakarta, freshly prepared, and immediately analyzed for microbial contamination and bioactive compounds. Result: The analysis revealed microbial contamination in JBK, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Coliform, yeast, and mold. Additionally, three novel flavonoid glycosides were identified: Chrysoeriol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, Patuletin-7-O-[6′′-(2-methylbutyryl)]-glucoside, and Acacetin-7-galactoside. Conclusion: Therefore, from the pharmacological perspective, JBK has the potentials as a healthy herbal drink. However, further preclinical and clinical studies are essential to validate its safety and efficacy for clinical use, which could pave the way for its integration into mainstream healthcare as a natural therapeutic option
THE IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EFFECTS OF Persea Americana ETHANOL EXTRACT AS AN ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT IN PREDNISONE-INDUCED RATS
Full text linkHypertension impacts the quantity of free radicals within the body. This study aimed to investigate the effect of antihypertension based on free radical levels in the predni-sone-induced rats, focusing on evaluating specific anti-hypertensive fraction of avoca-do leaves. The study's methods conducting GC-MS, anti-hypertensive, and assessing malondialdehyde levels and catalase enzyme. Systolic blood pressure measurements indicated that the positive control (131 ± 3 mmHg) and ethyl acetate fraction (136 ± 4 mmHg) were statistically similar, significantly different from the negative control group. Diastolic blood pressure measurements showed a blood pressure decreasing in posi-tive control (105 ± 7) that similar statistically with ethyl acetate fraction (104 ± 6), and significantly difference with negative control group. Malondialdehyde levels were nota-bly elevated in both the positive control (37.79 ± 5.47) and ethyl acetate fraction (38.01 ± 5.47) compared to the negative control (-9.07 ± 10.10), indicating increased free rad-ical. Catalase activity demonstrated significant differences, with the positive control (44.06 ± 5.44) and ethyl acetate fraction (44.05 ± 5.45) showing similar levels, both substantially higher than the negative control (13.90 ± 21.50). In summary, this study indentificates several flavonoid compounds that promising anti-hypertension effect from ethyl acetate fraction of avocado leaves extract