Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI)
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THE ROLE OF AgNPs AND AB Mix IN THE GROWTH OF Aglaonema 'LADY VALENTINE' IN VITRO & EX VITRO
Full text linkAglaonema ‘Lady Valentine’ is a popular ornamental plant with significant economic value. Conventional propagation methods have limitations, making tissue culture and acclimatization viable alternatives. However, low shoot multiplication and slow acclimatization remain major challenges. This study investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and AB Mix nutrient concentrations on in vitro and ex vitro plantlet growth using a two-factorial completely randomized design with four levels and three replications. The results showed varied growth responses, with the best performance observed in the 2 ppm AgNPs and 3 ml/L AB Mix treatment, which increased plantlet height, volume, and visual health. In ex vitro conditions, both 2 ppm and 3 ppm AgNPs combined with 3 ml/L AB Mix supported better plantlet adaptation, as seen in increased height, number of leaves and shoots, and seedling viability. Overall, the combination of 2 ppm AgNPs and 3 ml/L AB Mix proved most effective for enhancing multiplication and acclimatizatio
HEMATOLOGY AND URINAL ANALYSIS PROFILE IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Full text linkType 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) constitutes a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and consequential hyperglycemia. This state of elevated blood glucose can precipitate various complications, potentially influencing hematological parameters and urinary composition. This study aims to delineate the demographic characteristics, hematological profiles, and urinalysis results of individuals diagnosed with T2DM. Employing an observational descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach, the research examined T2DM patients who underwent laboratory testing at RSD Idaman Banjarbaru. The findings indicate that, from a total of 40 patients, the majority (n=18, 45%) belonged to the 46–55-year age cohort. Regarding gender distribution, female patients were more predominant, comprising 29 individuals (72.5%), compared to 11 male patients (27.5%). Most T2DM patients presented with hematological parameters within normal limits. However, specific hematological disturbances were still identified, notably reductions in Hemoglobin (Hb) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), alongside alterations in leukocyte differential counts. These anomalies may correlate with inflammatory complications or anemia prevalent in the T2DM population. Microscopic urinalysis revealed a high frequency of abnormalities across several parameters. Abnormal epithelial cells were observed in 26 patients (65%), aberrant erythrocytes in 28 patients (70%), and atypical leukocytes in 26 patients (65%). The most prevalent finding was abnormal urinary crystals, detected in 33 patients (82.5%). These results underscore the necessity for consistent renal health monitoring and proactive management in diabetic care. In conclusion, the hematological and urinalysis profiles of T2DM patients offer preliminary insights into their clinical status and the extent of associated complications, serving as valuable indicators for comprehensive patient management
THE POTENCY OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA LEAVES AS A NATURAL DISINFECTANT AND ANTISEPTIC INGREDIENT
Full text linkPreventing the spread of nosocomial infection are generally carried out by disinfection process of the tools to be used with chemical disinfectant such as phenol, alcohol, chlorine, iodine or sublimate. Excessive use of chemicals can cause health problems. Guava leaves (Psidium guajava L.) have long been empirically used to treat diarrhea and acne. Scientific data shows that guava leaves have positive activity against several types of pathogenic bacteria due to its tannin content. Guava leaves have the potential to be developed as a disinfectant and antiseptic material. This study aims to determine the disinfection activity of guava leaves on surgical instruments using the total plate count method, skin irritation test using patch test method and quantify the tannin content in young and old guava leaves using spectrophotometry method. The results showed that the tannin content in old and young guava leaves was 68.73 ± 0.067 mg/g (6.873%) and young 61.87 ± 0.046 mg/g (6.187%). At concentrations of 10, 20, 30 and 40% guava leaf extract were able to reduce the total plate count in surgical instrument samples by 6.85; 37; 80.82; and 83.56%. The primary irritation index of 0.05 only occurs at a concentration of 40%, classified as non-irritant. It can be concluded that guava leaves have the potential to be further developed as a natural disinfectant or antiseptic
EFFECT OF GROWING MEDIA ON THE GROWTH OF Streptomyces sp. AND Trichoderma harzianum AS ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE BIOCONTROL
Full text linkStreptomyces sp. and Trichoderma harzianum is a biological agent that is effective in controlling Colletotrichum capsici, the cause of disease in chili plants. Different growing media can affect the growth and activity of these two microorganisms. This study aims to evaluate the growth of Streptomyces sp. and Trichoderma harzianum on various media, namely rice washing water, coconut water, and sugar potato extract. The research phase includes growing media test, effectiveness test of Streptomyces sp. and Trichoderma harzianum in chili peppers, and effectiveness test of Streptomyces sp. and Trichoderma harzianum on chili seeds. The results showed that the medium of rice washing water is more suitable for Streptomyces sp., coconut water media is more suitable for Trichoderma harzianum, and rice washing water media is more suitable for the combination of the two biological agents. Optimal growth in these media affect the effectiveness of biocontrol in suppressing the severity of anthracnose disease in chili
IMPROVEMENT OF SHEEP OOCYTE COMPETENCE IN VITRO THROUGH GLUTATHIONE ADDITION
Full text linkOocyte competence is a primary factor for the success of embryo production in vitro. This research aims to determine the effect of supplementation glutathione in sheep oocytes’ maturation and fertilization rates in vitro. In the first research, maturation oocytes were conducted in a medium supplemented with GSH at graded doses for 24 hours. In the second research, 1.0 mM GSH (the best dose from research I) was supplemented in the maturation medium, fertilization medium, and their combination for 14 hours. The higher oocyte maturation rates were significant (P < 0.05) in the GSH supplementation of 1.0 mM (87.00%). Furthermore, supplementation of GSH on the maturation medium resulted in a higher normal fertilization rate (56.43%) than in other groups. It is concluded that GSH supplementation on the maturation medium is more effective in increasing the competence of sheep oocytes to be mature and results in improved fertilization rates
METAGENOMIC EXPLORATION OF ECO-ENZYME PRODUCTION: UNVEILING ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES AND MICROBIOTA ABUNDANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE ORGANIC WASTE MANAGEMENT
Full text linkGlobally, organic waste is steadily increasing, raising serious environmental challenges. A promising solution is the conversion of organic waste into Eco-Enzyme (EE), a fermented product widely applied in wastewater treatment, soil improvement, and fertilization. Despite its potential, few studies have characterized EE from a metagenomic perspective. This study examined enzymatic activities and microbial communities during EE production. EE was prepared from pineapple and orange peels mixed with palm sugar and water, then fermented for 90 days. The mixture was analyzed for enzymatic activities including amylase, cellulase, protease, chitinase, lignin and Mn peroxidase, peroxidase, glucanase, and catalase, and linked to waste degradation potential. Metagenomic sequencing using Oxford Nanopore Technology revealed Terrabacteria (83%), dominated by Lacticaseibacillus and Lentilactobacillus, and Proteobacteria (17%) with Acetobacter fabarum prevalent in EE sample. The highest activity was catalase (5107 mU/ml), followed by chitinase, protease, and amylase. These results highlight EE’s microbial and enzymatic complexity, reinforcing its role in sustainable organic waste management
EXTRACT AND FRACTIONS EXPLORATION OF DAYAK ONION (Eleutherine America-na Merr.) WITH ANTIOXIDANTS POTENTIAL USING GC-MS and FTIR METHODS
Full text linkFree radicals can cause various diseases in the body if not treated immediately. Large levels of free radicals may trigger damage to normally functioning tissues, lipid layers, blood vessels, DNA synthesis disturbances, and even destruction of cells. The objective is to evaluate the antioxidants potential of dayak onion extract and fractions. FTIR spectrophotometers, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and an antioxidants multimode reader are some of the research methods. The outcomes of this research are identifying plants that showed the dayak onion extract of the species Eleutherine Americana Merr. It contains compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. In addition, the components found in the extract, water fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and n-hexane fraction are octadecanoic acid 298 m/z, 9-octadecanoic acid 282 m/z, undecanoic acid 214 m/z, hexadecanoic acid 368 m/z, and nonadecanoic acid 326 m/z. Therefore, the antioxidants test using the DPPH method showed that the best IC50 value is for ethyl acetate with IC50 20.56 ppm
OPTIMIZING VIRGIN COCONUT OIL YIELD AND QUALITY USING LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FROM BLONDO WITH CHILLING-THAWING METHOD
Full text linkIncreasing demand for Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) presents a promising opportunity to improve the economy in Indonesia. Various methods for VCO production have been explored to optimize yield and ensure desirable organoleptic and physicochemical qualities. Modifying the oil extraction process often necessitates costly equipment. In this study, VCO was extracted by combining the chilling-thawing method with the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from blondo. The process began with the isolation and characterization of LAB isolates, followed by the application of the chilling-thawing method and addition of 2% LAB starter, then assessed for their consumer preference through a questionnaire. This innovative process yielded VCO at a rate of 35.78-46.65% using three LAB isolates (BAL 1-3) from blondo samples, representing an improvement over previous studies employing similar methodologies. Moreover, hedonic evaluation revealed a higher consumer preference for LAB-treated VCO compared to the control, further highlighting the effectiveness of LAB treatment in combination with the chilling-thawing method
BLOOD SMEAR EXAMINATION AND DIFFERENTIAL COUNT IN RATS WITH ESCHERICHIA COLI ESBL AND KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE CARBAPENEMASE INFECTIONS
Full text linkSepsis is an irregular body response to severe infection, triggering uncontrolled inflammation that can lead to extensive tissue damage. It can progress to septic shock with multiple organ failure, resulting in death if left untreated. Laboratory examinations, such as leukocyte differential count in hematology, help understand the distribution pattern of white blood cells associated with health conditions. Laboratory research was conducted on mice injected with E. coli ESBL or K. pneumoniae carbapenemase. After 24 hours, observations were made on apoptosis in the spleen and liver of mice. Mouse blood was processed to count white blood cell types with a differential count. The results were analyzed to compare the control group with the bacterial infection groups of E. coli ESBL and K. pneumoniae carbapenemase. The research results indicate that the neutrophil count in the E. coli ESBL group is still within the normal range and lower (44.5±1.915%) compared to the K. pneumoniae carbapenemase group (55.75±8.342%). Similarly, the lymphocyte count in the E. coli ESBL group is within the normal range and lower (77.5±3.109%) compared to the K. pneumoniae carbapenemase group (91.25±7.588%). This highlights the crucial role of neutrophils and lymphocytes in responding to severe bacterial infections such as K. pneumoniae carbapenemase. Previous studies indicate neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia as markers of severe bacterial infections. Neutrophils are the primary defense against bacterial infections and can be rapidly recruited to the infection site, while specific infections can trigger prolonged neutrophil recruitment from hematopoietic tissues
VITAMIN C SUPPLEMENTATION IN EGG YOLK CITRATE EXTENDER OPTIMIZES BANGKOK ROOSTER SEMEN QUALITY DURING COLD STORAGE
Full text linkThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of different vitamin C concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 g/100 mL) in egg yolk citrate extender and storage time (0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours) on the quality of Bangkok rooster semen stored at 5°C. Using a split-plot-in-time design with four replications, semen quality was assessed for motility, viability, abnormality, intact plasma membrane (IPM), and longevity. Results showed a significant interaction (P<0.01) between vitamin C concentration and storage time on motility, and significant effects (P<0.05) on viability, abnormality, and IPM. The 0.2 g vitamin C dose preserved >40% motility and >50% viability for 96 hours and extended sperm longevity up to 11.25±0.95 days. These findings suggest that 0.2 g/100 mL vitamin C is the optimal concentration for preserving rooster semen quality during short-term cold storage