International Journal of Integrated Engineering
Not a member yet
2309 research outputs found
Sort by
End-of-Life Vehicles Initiatives in the Middle East
Get PDFMany of the governments in the Middle East have overlooked recycling end-of-life vehicles (ELV) for far too long. This is probably because ELV activities are not in line with the governments\u27 strategic short-term objectives. This research evaluates Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and selected countries in the Middle East such as Egypt and Iran\u27s standard operating procedures (SOP) for disposing of the cars and method in keeping unroadworthy-cars off the road. The elements studied here regarding ELV are relevant acts, emission control initiatives, and the disassembly of car procedure. The methods used here are desktop benchmarking and analysis of statistics regarding registered and deregistered cars which include surveys to users and relevant government officials. It is found that generally the governments in the Middle East are lacking in implementing clear directions to ensure sustainable and environmentally friendly ELV as compared with East Asian nations such as Japan, Taiwan and Malaysia. Among the Middle Eastern countries, Qatar provides much more clear directions regarding their ELV methods. The outcome here sheds some light on the entire procedures taken via these nations in managing ELV initiatives and public awareness. This study will benefit the nations as the governments can implement ELV initiatives, as in Europe and East Asian countries
Cost Estimation of Structural Work for Residential Building with Seismic Design Consideration
Get PDFThe Sumatra-Andaman earthquakes had triggered local earthquakes in Malaysia by reactivation of ancient inactive faults. Previously on 5th June 2015, Ranau, a region located in Sabah, Malaysia, had experienced a moderate earthquake of Mw6.1. The structural failures occurred because all existing buildings only designed for gravity load without any seismic provision. Recent research work exhibits the seismic designs’ impact on the cost of material and its parameters that impact the cost. There are two types reinforced concrete residential buildings called Type 1 and Type 2 for two storey and four storey which had been used as models. This research applied four seismicity levels to the reference peak ground acceleration value, ?gR = 0.07g, 0.10g, 0.13g & 0.16g, and two soil types: Soil Types B and D. The result shows that for two storey reinforced concrete residential buildings on soil types B and D, seismic design increases structural work costs, which is around 0.62% to 1.31% and 0.61% to 2.16%, respectively, for Type 1 model compared to non-seismic design. Besides, model Type 2, the increment is around 0.24% to 1.22% and 0.20% to 1.71%, respectively. Otherwise, for reinforced concrete residential building with four storey on soil types B and D, the result shows that seismic design tends to have a higher structural work’s cost around 0.41% to 2.48% and 0.98% to 11.23%, respectively, for Type 1 model. Besides, for model Type 2 the increment is around 1.80% to 2.05% and 2.34% to 8.53%, respectively, compared to nonseismic design
Influence of Rolling and Ageing On Mechanical Properties of AA2195 Based Metal Matrix Composites
Get PDFThe modern Aluminium based composites have a great demand in the field of aerospace applications due to their lightweight, high strength, high stiffness, and superior mechanical properties. The main objective is to fabricate the AA2195 composites through Medium Frequency Induction Furnace (MFIF) with Taguchi L16 design of experiments, hot rolling process and heat treatment of composites is done and then compare the mechanical properties of hot rolled and heat treated AA2195 composite with casted composite. It is analyzed the effects of reinforcements like graphite and boron carbide on the mechanical behaviors and microstructure of both AA2195 composites. The microstructures revealed that reinforcements were distributed uniformly throughout the composites. It observed that the elemental investigation on SEM and XRD for both the composites showed that formed intermetallic compounds (IMCs) helped refine the microstructure and further increased the mechanical properties. The hot rolled and heat-treated AA2195 composite fabricated at 8% B4C and 6% Gr exhibits the more enhanced ultimate tensile strength, hardness, and reduction in density, % elongation compared to the casted composite. The rolling process is used to reduce the porosity of the composite. In contrast, heat treatment enhances the composite\u27s mechanical properties like strength and hardness
Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (Mwcnts) Onto Carbon Fiber (CF) Fabric
Get PDFThe Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite (FRPC) has been widely employed in structural applications. However, adding nanoparticles such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can be used to improve the composites\u27 mechanical properties substantially. The purpose of this study is to investigate the stability of MWCNTs in distilled water (DW) and dimethylformamide (DMF). Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was chosen as the method for depositing MWCNTs onto carbon fiber (CF) fabric because of the advantages of simple equipment and inexpensive cost. Thus, the effect of voltage and deposition time were examined to attain the ideal condition for the EPD of MWCNTs onto CF fabric. The stability of dispersed MWCNTs in various dispersing mediums was explored as the importance of the MWCNTs to remain stable in the medium is essential to achieve homogeneous deposition. The UV-Vis and colloidal stability test revealed that MWCNTs dispersed in DMF have greater stability than DW. Scanning Electrode Microscopy (SEM) images exhibited that 10 minutes and a 20 V voltage were the optimal conditions for the deposition of MWCNTs onto CF fabric.
 
Time Monitoring System for Assembly Line Operators Using RFID
Get PDFThis project discussed monitoring system in an assembly line to monitor and track the performance of the operators in industries. Industry is an important workplace around the world including research and development, design, process, production, quality assurance and so on. A large number of jobs involve humans, and there are also parts that require humans to work using machines, especially operational workers or operators. There are many systems developed in the industry that involve the operator, some of them are to monitor the machining process, and some are to monitor and control the machine. Assembly line operator performance is a critical aspect that severely affects the overall production performance in any production nature. Non-productive time contributes to inequality in task distribution that often results in bottleneck points on a production line. Therefore, the non-productive time is considered as a waste of resources that has a relative impact on the production yield of an industry. In this project, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is used on the production line as a monitoring system so that it can help organizations to increase the performance of the working environment among all the employees as well as to achieve better production yield by reducing the non-productive time of assembly line operator.
 
Internet of Vehicles Based On Cellular-Vehicle-To-Everything (C-V2X)
Get PDFIn line with the development of automotive and traffic systems, high mobility and density in different road topologies cause scalability and delay issues due to frequent disconnection between communication nodes. From a safety aspect, Cellular-V2X (C-V2X) wireless technology was introduced by the Third Generation Partnership Project Organization (3GPP) to realise the transmission of emergency messages at critical times, anywhere. Specifically, Mode 4 C-V2X supports side-link communication without relying on a base station to provide network coverage. However, Mode 4 is susceptible to several limitations, which include half-duplex transmission, packet collision, and propagation errors that will cause intermittent connectivity issues. It is also difficult to determine appropriate parameter configurations that can increase the spectrum efficiency of dense networks to facilitate reliable and low-latency networks. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of a Mode 4 C-V2X system under different road topologies and traffic scenarios. The study adopts a Krauss vehicular mobility model based on SUMO software to model normal and dense networks in a highway and a road intersection scenario, then perform simulation using OMNET++ software to analyse the impact of different physical layer (PHY) configurations such as modulation and coding scheme, packet size, number of resource block allocation, as well as the probability of resource reservation. The results show that the optimal configuration of parameters depends on the scenario. For highway scenarios, a lower MCS and a higher number of RBs are recommended. For road intersection scenarios, a higher MCS and a lower number of RBs are recommended. The packet size should also be in accordance with the requirements of the application used. The findings of this study can be used to assist in the design of an optimal intelligent transportation system using adaptive C-V2X parameters that can be automatically adjusted under different scenarios and network conditions
Passivity-Based Tracking Control of a Mobile Manipulator Robot
Get PDFThis work presents a control approach based on the passivity principle, developed to guarantee performance of the application used to track the trajectory of mobile manipulator when disturbed. By exploiting the particularity of the mobile manipulator robots modelling equipped with a nonholonomic mobile base, we present a global control law for the mobile manipulator as a single system. This control allows taking into account the whole system and modifying its dynamics by introducing a highly non-linear regressor matrix to consider uncertainties and modeling constraints. The presented controller is applied to the mobile manipulator robot composed of a manipulator\u27s arm with 2 DDL mounted on a mobile unicycle platform. Simulation tests validate the performance of the proposed approach when external disturbances occur; showing an acceptable performance of the system\u27s stability and validated by exploiting the Lyapunov theory.
 
Chemical Stabilization of Amorphous Peat Using Cement and Fly Ash at Different Water Additive Ratios
Get PDFPeat is a very problematic soil as it is poor in strength. However, previous researchers have proven that the compressive strength of peat can be improved by using various methods of soil improvement including chemical stabilization method. In this study, cement and fly ash and lime were additives used and were mixed with amorphous peat at various water additive ratios. To replicate actual stabilization on site, water additive ratio is proposed as to allow stabilization to be performed at natural water content of the peat. Peat samples were collected from Kampung Endap, Samarahan and mixed at its natural moisture content with cement and with fly ash and lime at different water additive ratios of 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0. The compressive and bearing strengths of the samples were obtained by the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test respectively. The results of the study have shown that there is marginal strength gained after 28 and 56 days of air curing period. The peat samples stabilized with cement at 3.5 water additive ratio recorded the highest value with UCS value of 69.48 kPa after 56 days of curing and 0.52 % for CBR test after 28 days curing period. These strength values obtained are lower compared to published data from previous studies. Different technique of mixing in the laboratory that is mixing peat at its natural water content with varied amount of additives at selected water additive ratio as opposed to mixing at maximum dry density and optimum moisture content that is mostly performed in laboratory contributes to the outcome. However, this study has proven that there is an increase in compressive and bearing strengths of stabilized peat in its natural water content compared to original peat without stabilizer
Laminated Jute and Glass Fibre Reinforced Composite for Repairing Concrete Through Wrapping Technique
Get PDFIn the recent decades, the research of natural fibre in concrete structure materials had attracted many researchers and engineers due to its good agreement in mechanical properties, economically and sustainability. In this study, the jute and glass fibre laminated composite for repairing concrete through the wrapping technique was analysed. A total of 66 concrete specimens, 150 x 50 mm each, were tested. Six concrete specimens were kept as control specimen, 30 specimens were laminated with glass fibre-reinforced thermoset (GFRT) and 30 specimens were laminated with jute fibre-reinforced thermoset (JFRT). The vinyl ester (VE) was used as a matrix. Eventually, all specimen was tested using compression and Brazilian testing. It was found that both GFRT and JFRT had the potential to improve the mechanical performance of concrete specimens with the increment of a maximum number of five (5) layers of woven fibre. It was also found that the four (4) layers of JFRT had the highest mechanical properties with improvement of 72.62% compare to GFRT (4 layers). The results presented here may facilitate improvements in the concrete specimen by using JFRT where it had been suggested to have a higher improvement for the concrete specimen with the optimum layers applied. Hence, jute fibre had been proven to have better performance and can replace the use of glass fibre
An Efficient Design of the Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Applied for Micro Aerial Vehicle
Get PDFIn this research, the developing process of a piezoresistive pressure sensor working in the atmosphere environment applied in micro aerial vehicle using the MEMS fabrication method is introduced. The sensor consists of four Au/Cr piezoresistors in a Wheatstone bridge configuration on a wet oxidized silicon diaphragm. To fabricate the sensor, three lithographic steps were conducted: the first one is to define the resistors and Au/Cr lines/pads, the second and the third ones are to determine the width and the thickness of the square SiO2/Si diaphragm, respectively. The sensor diaphragm shape and thickness were defined by the anisotropic etching of Si in tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution, and the resistors array are formed by sputtering and wet etching method. The sensor size is ~6000 µm by 6000 µm. The sensor output voltage was measured for various applied pressure levels from 0 to 1.2 bar with 5V voltage supply. The fabricated sensor also exhibits a sensitivity of 50.01 mV/bar