International Journal of Integrated Engineering
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A Study On the Effectiveness of Rolling Barrier System at Straight Road and Curved Road: A Review
Get PDFThe rolling barrier system is part of the road safety infrastructure that is used to improve and maintain road safety. It is also possible to overcome and reduce the number of crashes. A rolling barrier is a type of safety device that not only absorbs but also converts shock energy into rotational energy, thereby preventing fatal accidents for drivers and passengers. A rolling barrier should be installed in areas where vehicles are frequently collided. By absorbing shock energy, a rolling barrier will safely guide a vehicle back to the road or stopped the vehicle. This study was built on the findings of a previous study to determine the effectiveness of a rolling barrier system for use on both straight and curved roads. This research focuses on a new invention, the rolling barrier system, as opposed to the traditional barrier, in order to learn more about its mechanism and function. The study\u27s scope was limited to focusing on the implementation of the rolling barrier system on straight and curved roads. According to the previous study, straight and curved roads have the highest incident rates compared to other types of roads. The Rolling Barrier System was strategically installed in three high-risk areas with a high incidence of fatal traffic incidents. The three high-risk road locations that require additional safety are straight roads, curving roads, and hilly roads, which are the most important locations to place Rolling Barrier Systems in order to decrease high-risk accidents and fatalities while also improving road safety. There are four types of roads that are appropriate for implementing a Rolling Barrier System. The Rolling Barrier types are straight roadside Rolling Barriers, curved roadside Rolling Barriers, steep roadside Rolling Barriers, and median Rolling Barriers
Development of an IoT Embedded Wearable Device with Non-Contact Temperature Detector for Early Detection of Fever
Get PDFOne of the most common and early symptoms of any viral infections is fever which is the reaction to a disease-specific stimulus causing the increase of human body temperature. The current common method of monitoring the human body temperature uses the application of non-contact infrared thermometer (NCIT) and is only limited for stationary conditions within short distances and mostly suitable for indoor premises. The available technology to detect human body temperature for longer distances uses the thermal camera which is costly and large. Thus, it is challenging to detect anyone with high body temperature in non-stationary conditions, at longer distances, especially outdoor. The paper proposes an innovation to the current practice, for a wearable non-contact temperature detector device which is portable. The wearable non-contact temperature detector embeds a thermal sensor and a microcontroller to a normal hat. It is able to detect objects with higher temperature (37.5 °C) within 1 meter radius of 60° angle view in stationary and non-stationary conditions. The wearable device communicates via Bluetooth to a mobile device to display the detected temperature and notifies the user via alert message and alarm for high temperature detection. Display of the object’s thermal image is also available with a resolution of 8 8 pixel. The wearable non-contact temperature detector is able to achieve 99% accuracy of temperature measurement for detection distance of up to 70 cm for indoor and within 20 cm for outdoor when tested with normal temperature subject and high temperature objects and compared with the actual temperature detected via a commercial NCIT device
Investigation on Dielectric Properties of Sludge Waste from Water Treatment Using Microwave Non-Destructive Testing (MNDT)
Get PDFThe demand for water cleanup rises in tandem with a country\u27s requirements and development. Recovery of purified water containing nutrients and other beneficial materials is a critical opportunity that must be taken advantage of. A challenge that needs to be tackled is the necessity for large capacity and high-value management of sludge waste following the water treatment process. The pH level and microwave frequencies influence were used as a starting point for assessing the content of the sludge waste. Microwave non-destructive testing (MNDT) is a microwave measurement that can be used to determine the dielectric characteristics of materials without destroying or modifying the sample\u27s content. The methodology employs a free-space measurement technique with a frequency range of 8 to 12 GHz (X-band). Through S-parameters acquired, a correlation analysis was done to analyze the effect of frequencies with the sludge waste. A comparative investigation with peat soil samples in establishing if the sludge has similar attributes to normal soil is used to ensure the accuracy of the sludge waste data. It can be determined that the sludge waste has a high signal correlation towards the frequency band 8 GHz to 12 GHz, which is compatible with the MNDT approach. All of the sludge samples had a pH range that is appropriate for agricultural use
Metallic Cylinder Reflected Power Measurement For 93.1GHz Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Radar Calibration
Get PDFA metallic cylinder is one of the best materials and shapes to calibrate a radar system performance. The measurement of a 4cm diameter and 3cm-height metallic cylinder as a target has been presented for the analysis at the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) spectrum. This experiment was conducted in a real airport environment at Kuala Lumpur International Airport considering clear sky conditions. The measurement was carried out at 93.1 GHz which uses Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar to consistently detect the target. The radar cross-section (RCS) of the metallic cylinder is measured with respect to the angle of runway pavement. It is found that the measurements exhibited smaller RCS value with an average of –43.47 dBsm at a longer range compared to –30.16 dBsm at a shorter range with a total change of 13.31 dBsm. The reflectivity characteristics of the radar target, theoretical measurement of the metallic cylinder, its incident angle from the radar target, and measurement evaluation are presented in this paper
Flow Characteristics in Perforated Subsurface Drain of Drainage System Application: Case Study of Gate Fully Open with Longitudinal Slope 1/500
Get PDFSubsurface drainage is part of a sustainable drainage system\u27s components. This component represents the infiltration of stormwater into the subsurface drainage system for flow attenuation purposes. This study examines the flow parameters of subsurface drainage components. The laboratory validation of perforated subsurface drains was conducted at a longitudinal slope gradient of 1/500 with the Gate Fully Open. The manning, n data obtained in these experiments varies with several hydraulic parameters. Therefore, the experimental relationship between the flow characteristics of these subsurface drain components has been investigated. The relationship between flow behavior has been determined. The sub-critical and supercritical, and turbulence flow has occurred in this stud
The Implementation of Maintenance System in Malaysia’s Public Housing at Kota Bharu, Kelantan
Get PDFEstablishing an effective maintenance system in public housing buildings is essential in ensuring the building operates optimally and enhances residents\u27 satisfaction. However, the maintenance management in Malaysian public housing is considered low, particularly on leaky roofs, dysfunctional elevators and obstructed pipes. Consequently, the deterioration of facilities and services makes the residents dissatisfied. Consequently, the study aims to determine the current implementation and effectiveness of the maintenance system for public housing by focusing on the residents\u27 satisfaction level and the practice of the maintenance personnel. Surveys were conducted with residents and maintenance personnel from the Projek Perumahan Rakyat Kota Bharu\u27s public housing. A total of 230 questionnaires were considered valid and analyzed to rank the residents\u27 satisfaction level towards public housing maintenance and the practice of the maintenance personnel in public residential buildings. The data was analyzed using the Mean Analysis in the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The result revealed that the residents are satisfied with the maintenance system\u27s performance, with an electrical system as the most satisfying maintenance performance rated by the residents, compared with other aspects of the maintenance performance factors, with a mean score of 3.94. However, several aspects of the maintenance system, namely cleaning services, security system, and time for repairing the defects, still need improvement to enhance the maintenance quality of public housing in Malaysia
Validating The Impact of Psychological, Physical, and Social Factors On Workplace Well-Being at Construction Sites
Get PDFA good workplace well-being environment can increase employee resilience, work engagement, project performance, and productivity, as well as reduce sick days. Research suggests that physical, psychological, and social factors are the underlying factors for a good workplace well-being However, the underlying factors for workplace well-being at construction sites may differ. This study aims to validate the relationships between underlying factors (i.e., physical, psychological, and social) and workplace well-being at construction sites. A questionnaire survey was developed from a list of factors influencing workplace well-being and distributed to construction professionals. The collected data was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the relationships between the underlying factors and workplace well-being at construction sites. The analysis revealed that physical, psychological, and social factors are also influencing workplace well-being at construction sites. Researchers and industry practitioners can use these findings to confidently establish strategies to increase workplace well-being of construction workers
Standalone Photovoltaic Power Stabilizer Using Double Series Connected Converter in Sudden Cloud Condition
Get PDFRenewable energy is clean energy that cannot harm the environment in its way, especially on standalone photovoltaic electricity generation. The only problem with renewable energy electricity generation is the intermittency and its instability in power quality and power efficiency. Power system stability in renewable energy is essential during the real environmental case problem such as the sudden cloud. The sudden cloud, known for its ability to decrease solar irradiance input, depends on how thick and big the cloud is. Several attempts had been tried to increase renewable energy power system stability, including modifying its maximum power point tracker with a new algorithm such as perturb and observe. This paper discussed an improved way of maintaining renewable energy power system stability using perturb and observe Algorithm in a double series-connected Converter as the current and power stabilizer. The results show that the current overshoot has decreased by 65,336%, and the current sudden cloud undershoot decreased by 10,529%. Power overshoot also decreased by 43,685%, and the power of sudden cloud undershoot has decreased by 7,133%
Operation of The Hybrid Energy Resources with Storage System Participation
Get PDFThis paper focused on the optimal operation of the hybrid energy resources in the off-grid state considering energy storage participation. The hybrid energy resources consist of wind turbine (WT), photovoltaic (PV), diesel generator (DG), and energy storage system for supplying energy to DC and AC load demand with maximum reliability. The operation of the proposed energy system based on energy control and energy optimization is modeled. The energy optimization and energy control are implemented by heuristic and nonlinear quadratic programming approaches via optimal power flow on the resources side. The energy control is done based on the weight sum method in different operation states of the system. Also, the impact of the energy storage system on the hybrid energy resources is considered as backup resources. The energy control modeling is implemented via mathematical simulation and numerical analysis in the two operation states in the summer and winter seasons for verifying the proposed approaches. Finally, the results of the energy control show optimal states of the energy system in supplying demand with considering the energy storage system
Rheological Analysis of Zirconia-Hydroxyapatite with Bi-Modal System of Binders; Low-Density Polyethylene and Palm Stearin
Get PDFThe two component micro-powder injection molding (2C-?PIM) process has evolved from ?PIM process because of the increasing demand for multi-functional micro-components applications. In this research work, the selected materials to fabricate micro-sized bi-material parts are zirconia (ZrO2) and hydroxyapatite (HA). ZrO2 is chosen for structural integrity and bio-inert, while HA is mainly chosen for bio-active properties. The reason of employing the multi-component binders is to ensure the flowability of the feedstock. Feedstock rheological characteristics needs to be carefully investigated to avoid any undesirable and inhomogeneous mixture between powder and binder. A common binder system which is comprised of palm stearin and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were mixed with individual ZrO2 and HA powder particles to prepare for ZrO2 and HA feedstocks. Typically, the feedstocks were obtained ZrO2 and HA powders independently with a binder ratio of 60 wt.% of palm stearin and 40wt.% low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The mixing was carried out in Brabender mixer. Before mixing, critical powder volume percentage (CPVP) analysis was carried out to determine the optimal powder loadings required to prepare the ZrO2 and HA feedstocks. In this research work, the obtained CPVP of ZrO2 and HA powders were 47.0 and 59.0 vol.%, respectively. Based on CPVP analysis, six feedstocks with optimal powder loadings of 43, 44 and 45 vol.% for ZrO2 and 54, 55 and 56 vol.% for HA were prepared. The rheological analysis involving viscosity, shear rate, flow behavior index, activation energy and moldability index was investigated using capillary rheometer. Based on the obtained rheology result, it shows that the overall shear rate and viscosity are within the 2C-?PIM process recommended range. All tested composition shows pseudoplastic behavior. The results of the study found that ZrO2 and HA with optimal powder loadings of 55 vol.% and 44 vol.% have good rheological properties compared to feedstocks with other powder loadings. This is because both materials meet the criteria of good rheological properties which are low viscosity, high shear rate, flow behavior index less than one, low activation energy and high moldability index