International Journal of Integrated Engineering
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Catalyzing Biomass Concrete as New Renewable Energy Source for Green Building
Get PDFThis paper focuses on Catalyzed Biomass Concrete (CBC) as a sustainable solution for electricity generation with investigate the viability of using palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as a partial replacement for cement and explore the effects of four types of Polyoxometalates (POMs) as catalysts. By utilizing solar-induced biomass and POMs as catalysts, CBC is employed in compressive strength analysis, voltage tests, and engineering tests. Engineering tests and analyses such as thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) are employed to investigate the engineering properties of different CBC samples and support the research findings. Results show that CBC with Phosphomolybdic Acid + Ferric Chloride excels in voltage generation and compressive strength at day 56, while CBC with Phosphotungstic maintains consistent strength, improving notably from day 7 to 56, indicating reliability as a catalyst. In voltage tests, CBC with Phosphotungstic consistently exhibits stability and voltage generation within the specified temperature range. CBC with Ferric Chloride Solution and Silicotungstic Acid\u27s varying mV values suggest effectiveness dependent on POM content, potentially limiting precise electrical characteristics. These findings highlight the potential of CBC as an environmentally friendly alternative for electricity production in the construction industry
Power Quality Improvement in Distribution System Using IRP Theory with SMC
Get PDFThis article discusses how to improve power quality in distribution systems by combining (Instantaneous Reactive Power) IPR theory with (Sliding Mode Control) SMC. The distribution system has numerous power quality issues. This paper concentrated primarily on source-side current harmonics. The primary goal of this paper is to reduce source-side current harmonics while also balancing DC-link capacitor voltage. The SMC is used to control the d- and q-axis reference currents. The IPR theory is used in distribution to calculate active and reactive power. The SMC based on IPR theory reduced source current harmonics while maintaining constant DC-link capacitor voltage. The results of MATLAB/Simulation are compared to those of PI and SMC. SMC findings exhibit superior performance than the PI controller
Implementation of A Comprehensive Mechanistic Model for The Prediction of Erosive Wear in Pipelines Due to Solid Particles Impact
Get PDFIn this paper, implementation of a comprehensive mechanistic model for the prediction of erosive wear in pipelines due to solid particles impact was investigated. The aim of this study is to develop a mechanistic model coupled with CFD model to predict the rate of inner-wall erosive wear of pipeline due to the presence of solid particles. This mechanistic model was developed based on Hertzian contact, and Du and Wang elastoplastic impact models; taking the deformation of the erodent particles and the effective impact angle into consideration. The developed models were compared with experimental data from three different sources and with built-in erosion models in FLUENT. The outcome of the simulation show that the developed model is 92% accurate when compared with the experimental values. The mechanistic model of this study shows a good agreement with the existing models. The trend of variation of erosive wear rate with impact angle, particle velocity, and mass flow rate was the same for all the tested models and a robust improvement in the newly developed models. Erosion of coal-liquid slurry in pipelines was also studied in FLUENT using the developed model UDF. The results of the study show that coal-liquid slurry causes erosion in both bent and straight pipe. The point of dense erosion was observed to have drifted along the straight pipeline as the velocity increases, which implies that little or no erosion will be observed when a very high velocity slurry flows through a short straight pipe spool. It is expected that the results of this work will be of significant help for the strengthening of the application of mechanistic models for predicting inner-wall erosive wear. This model can be effectively applied in oil and gas industries worldwide for accurate prediction of inner-wall erosive wear
Determinants Factor of Passengers’ Propensity to Utilize E-hailing Services in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
Get PDFThe utilization of public transportation in Kota Kinabalu has declined as more people rely on private vehicles. This worsened traffic congestion, transportation delays, and air pollution. The expanding number of mobile transportation applications from transportation network firms has raised demand for E-hailing, also known as transportation network companies (TNCs). E-hailing services have quickly gained popularity and widespread use, displacing traditional taxi services by allowing millions of journeys every day. People choose e-hailing because public transit lacks the comfort and convenience of private vehicles, while taxis lack the affordability and transparency of app-based e-hailing. The aim of this study is to identify the determinants factor of passengers’ propensity to utilize e-hailing services in order to have a better understanding of the situation among Kota Kinabalu residents. The Stated Preference Survey (SPS) method was used in this study. A questionnaire was created and disseminated online to 300 respondents to obtain the necessary information. The data was analyzed using the Chi-square test and descriptive analysis. The finding shows that price, safety, convenience and accessibility are found to be a good predictor on Kota Kinabalu residents’ factors to utilize e-hailing service whereby significant relationship (p-value <.05) can be observed between variable such as gender with safety with; age with price, safety, convenience and accessibility; education level with convenience; occupation with price, safety and accessibility; private vehicle ownership with safety, convenience and accessibility; driving license ownership with convenience and accessibility. The research results can help e-hailing company to increase their services in this area to ensure the comfort and safety of user, thus promoting their service to a lot more user
Numerical Analysis on the Aerodynamic Performance of a High-speed Train Operating on Various Embankment Heights Under the Influence of Crosswinds
Get PDFGiven the unavoidable geographical surface, railings must be raised above ground level in some cases, which is known as an embankment. It was discovered that the height of the embankment had a significant influence on the slipstream on the train\u27s leeward side especially during crosswind conditions. The primary objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of varying embankment heights on the aerodynamic characteristics of a high-speed train under different crosswind conditions using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The German Aerospace Center DLR\u27s Next-Generation High-speed Train (NG-HST) model has been used for this study. The yaw angles (?) are ranging from 10º to 50º in 10° increments. The Reynolds number based on the model\u27s height and freestream velocity at the computational domain is 1.3 x 106. In the results, it shows that embankment height and crosswind ? has a significant impact on the aerodynamic characteristics. Essential aerodynamic parameters that have a significant impact on train stability, such as the drag, lift, and side force coefficients, as well as the roll, yaw, and pitch moment coefficients, revealed that the higher the ?, which included 40º and 50º, produced poor results compared to the lower ?, which included 10º, 20º, and 30º. In terms of visual appearance, rising of crosswind angles have a greater impact on the formation of vortices on the leeward side of the train body and embankment. Thus, it can be concluded that the embankment heights and crosswind angles are crucial in determining train safety operations
Integrating Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation to Analyze Temperature Distribution in Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloy
Get PDFIn this paper, a 3D finite element model is developed by COMSOL Multiphysics software to study the temperature distribution during the friction stir welding process of dissimilar aluminum alloys AA6351-T6 and AA2024-T351. Dissimilarity comes from the alloying elements with different melting point and latent heat requirements. The input process parameters included different tool rotational speeds (800, 1000 and 1200 rev/min), different welding speeds (0.35, 0.7 and 1.2 mm/s) while keeping the axial load of 3kN constant. High speed steel (HSS) is considered as the tool material and AA6351-T6 and AA2024-T351 are considered to be the workpiece materials. The increase of maximum temperature observed with the increase of the tool rotational speed. Numerical simulations are found to be useful to gain process understanding and conduct process planning as well as tool design
The Influence of Molasses Concentration on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Evaporation Boat Waste-Based Crucibles
Get PDFCrucibles are essential tools used in many industries, and their production can be resource-intensive and costly. This study aims to determine the potential of evaporation boat waste produced by the plastic metallization industry with molasses as a binder in crucible production. This study explores the effects of various concentrations of molasses on the mechanical and physical properties of crucibles made from evaporation boat waste. The evaporation boat waste used in this study was crushed and filtered with a 100-mesh sieve. Molasses were added during the mixing process with concentrations of 0 wt.%, 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, and 20 wt.%. The mixing process was done for 120 minutes, followed by compaction with a pressure of 25 MPa. The green body formed is dried at 100?C for 300 minutes. In this study, firing was done at 1150?C temperature with 240 minutes of holding time. The specimens in this study were characterized using XRD, SEM, density, hardness, and 3-point bending tests. The results showed that the resulting crucible only had BN and TiB2 crystalline phases. Using molasses as a binder showed that crucible specimens did not form a new crystalline phase. Increasing the molasses content from 0 wt.% to 5 wt.% led to an increase in the physical and mechanical properties of the crucible specimens. However, the mechanical and physical properties of the crucible specimens decreased with the use of molasses that exceeded 5 wt.%. The best mechanical and physical properties of crucible specimens were produced using 5 wt.% molasses. This composition has a weight percentage of BN and TiB2 of 68.9% and 31.1%, with density, hardness, and flexural strength of 2.36 g/cm3, 64 HRA, and 31.5 MPa
A Novel PWM Inverter Topology for Intuitive Motion Controls of EV With BLDC Motor
Get PDFPermanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motors are having a huge impact on next-generation electric vehicle (EV) applications due to their high-performance accuracy and reliability in the motion control area. This paper offers a unique inverter switching method to control the PMBLDC motor for high voltage (HV) e-mobility applications. In this work, the speed of a permanent BLDC motor is controlled by a suitable inverter switching selections via inverter mapped with motor position. Hence, the anticipated switching method is depended on identifying the sector position and selecting the suitable control logic for switching inverter. Here, a feedback and feedforward loop design based control logic are used for tracking and improved input-output performance, respectively. The feedback loop used a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. The gains of the PID controller are tuned by using dominant pole placement technique to ensure robust loop performance. Further, a feed forward gain is designed to improve the input output performance. Simulations are carried out with a developed hardware set-up of BLDC motor with AKD interface device to validate the system performances experimentally
Assessment of Wire Offset While Machining EN-24 on WEDM
Get PDFWire offset is the dimensional shift that is experienced while machining a job on Wire-EDM machine. This modeling of wire offset during machining of EN-24 (EN is Euro Norm) was performed implementing Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Factors under consideration are peak current, on duration and off duration of pulse. Scanning Electron Microscopy was later performed for measurement of dimensional shift experienced under various machining conditions. The difference of programmed width and actual width obtained revealed the wire offset of the machined specimen. The tests revealed that Wire-EDM (Wire-Electro Discharge Machine) variables and Wire Offset can be modelled using Quadratic equations. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) depicted that quadratic term of peak current is crucial parameter for Wire offset trailed by off duration. Keeping medium level of electrical parameters will lead to lower wire offset. Further model validation was performed and the residual error for Wire Offset was found to be 2.43% which suggest the competence of the present model
Sustainable Performance of Industrialised Building Systems in the Construction Phase
Get PDFThe Industrialised Building System (IBS) is a construction method where components are manufactured in controlled environments, either on-site or offsite, before being assembled into construction works. Over the past several decades, it has garnered growing interest as a method to promote sustainable building. This study identified sustainable indicators through literature reviews, extracting sixteen indicators for a sustainability evaluation. A survey was conducted among developers, designers, civil and structure (C&S) consultants, mechanical and electrical (M&E) consultants, manufacturers, and contractors in North Malaysia, focusing on Kedah state, to identify their perceptions on the sustainable indicator performance of IBS construction. The participants had experience in both IBS and conventional construction. The data collected from the questionnaires were analyzed for the mean and Relative Importance Index (RII). The results revealed significant changes in IBS construction compared with conventional construction across all indicators. The top three indicators were reducing the amount of formwork, labour availability, and reducing site disruption. Next, the analysis of the within-group comparison using Intra-class Correlation (ICC) of the indicators revealed that contractors, developers and manufacturers possessed moderate similarity within the same group of organisations. This research gives an overview of the present perspectives of performance of sustainable indicators across key stakeholders in the Kedah construction sector. This is especially beneficial because IBS has grown in popularity and popularity owing to its ability to enhance the building environment, quality, and productivity