International Journal of Integrated Engineering
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Stress Corrosion Cracking Analysis of the ER70S Wire and SS400 Steel Plate Joints
Get PDFThe susceptibility of weld joints to the Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) load alarmed the researchers since pipeline blow-out which were initiated in the area closed to the weld joints. This article is evaluating the SCC resilience of the ER70S wire filler metal to the SS400 plate. The Capacitive Discharge Welding (CDW) with varied angle of the filler metal as an independent variable, whilst the other parameters were kept constant. The joint, then exposed to the SCC load, i.e., dipped in the 1M HCl solution with varied external tensile load to obtain the dependent variable: time to failure (time to brake). The results show that, generally, a sharper wire tip provides higher SCC resilience accept what was shown by the 30? specimen. With the sharper wire tip, the higher volume of weld nugget is provided which guarantee the enough number of weld metal. However, the impact phenomenon in the CDW process splashed this too much nugget beyond the formed joint which is proven by the many spatters in the weld joint. This thrown out nugget substance in turn decrease the intended nugget volume to form the joint. The results show the 60? wire tip angle provide the joint with the highest SCC resilience, indicated by the longest time to brake when loaded with an equal external loa
Paving the Way for Sustainability: A Study on Porous Asphalt Mixtures Reinforced with LDPE Plastic Waste and Freshwater Mussel (Pilsbryoconcha Exilis) Shell Filler
Get PDFThis study aimed to explore the impact of different fillers, namely conventional (stone ash) and alternative (mussel shell powder), along with varying percentages of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) additives, on the performance of porous asphalt mixtures. The Marshall Stability and Flow of asphalt mixtures were examined with LDPE percentages of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%. Results highlighted that the choice of filler and LDPE content significantly influences the mixture\u27s stability and flow. A shift from 100% stone ash to 50% mussel shell powder resulted in a slight decrease in stability for 0% and 2% LDPE, whereas for 4% and 6% LDPE, the stability was notably higher with the inclusion of the alternative filler. Mixtures with 100% stone ash exhibited increased flow values with rising LDPE concentrations, while mixtures with 100% mussel shell powder showed an opposite trend. Furthermore, mixtures containing mussel powder generally had higher flow values than those with stone ash at similar LDPE percentages. The study underscores the intricate relationship between filler types and LDPE additives in influencing the properties of asphalt mixtures. These findings pave the way for the potential use of alternative fillers in asphalt mixtures, emphasizing the importance of understanding material interactions for optimal pavement design
Field Study of Vegetated Channel at UTHM Campus
Get PDFA vegetated channel refers to a form of infrastructure that aims to mitigate stormwater runoff through the utilization of either natural or constructed systems that replicate the behavior observed in natural environments. The condition of the vegetated channel has the potential to influence the hydraulic behavior of the channel. The regulation of stormwater quantity in the management of drainage systems is influenced by the characteristics of the vegetated channel. Field data was gathered from a channel located in the parking lot of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment at the University Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia (UTHM) campus. The purpose of this data collection was to assess the influence of various sectional circumstances on the velocity profile. The measurement of stream flow velocity is conducted by the utilization of current meter equipment during field investigation. The Manning\u27s coefficient for each section was analyzed to assess the impact of variations in this parameter on the flow rate of the channel. In accordance with the results obtained, the coefficient value of Manning\u27s ranged from 0.160 to 0.826. The velocity of flow in the vegetated channel ranged from 0.003 m/s to 0.010 m/s. In the interim, the flow discharge magnitude for the channel exhibits variability within the range of 0.0005 m3/s to 0.002 m3/s. This study examines the impact of bed surface condition, channel slope, and Manning\u27s coefficient on flow rate. Therefore, the flow rate and Manning\u27s coefficient were found to be impacted by both the bed condition and the slope of the channel
Peat Stabilization by Using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) Mixed with Rice Husk Ash (RHA)
Get PDFThe condition of peat soil that has a high organic and water content causes the strength of peat soil to be at a very weak to bear any load. The use of binders such as cement in peat soil stabilization methods can increase the strength of the soil, but the use of cement in large quantities will result in environmental pollution. This study was conducted to obtain the optimal percentage of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as a replacement material of cement. Test of the basic characteristics of peat soil is carried out in order to identify the nature of peat soil. The strength of treated and untreated peat soil was determined through an unconfined compression test (UCS). replacement at 15% The result of the study shows the RHA of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) gave the highest strength with the value of 531 kN/m² and 580 kN/m² for 7 and 28 curing days respectively. The microstructure image shows the difference in total porosity between the untreated and treated samples through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) test. A chemical test via Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) shows that the strength of samples increases when the amount of carbon decreases and calcium content increases. The results of the study show that the use of discarded agricultural waste can be used as an additive in reducing the use of cement to increase the strength of peat soil based on soil stabilization methods
Characteristics of Concrete Exposure in the Marine Environment
Get PDFThe characteristics of concrete in the marine environment with various grades of concrete of grade 30, 35, and 40 investigate in this research. The objective of this study is to identify the optimum grade of concrete in the marine environment. Several test was conducted such as water absorption, density, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and compressive strength. The results show that the optimum grade of concrete in the marine environment is grade 40, which has the lowest water absorption of 8%, the highest density test of 2399 kg/m3, the highest UPV test result of 4723.249 m/s, and the highest compressive strength test of 31.63 MPa. The high result indicates the high quality and durability of the concrete. The study contributes to the understanding of the characteristics of concrete in the marine environment and provides valuable information for the selection of the appropriate grade of concrete for marine structures
Early Detection and Quantitative Analysis of Skin Cancer Using THz Metamaterial Biosensor
Get PDFTerahertz imaging offers significant potential for the early detection of skin cancer. This study introduces a metamaterial unit cell designed to operate in the terahertz (THz) band for non-invasive contact-based skin cancer detection. The sensor relies exclusively on the reflection coefficient response, providing high sensitivity to subtle changes in tissue properties without requiring complex signal processing. This simplicity may result in a cost-effective and straightforward implementation for early cancer detection. Simulations were conducted using 3D models representing various skin types, including normal skin, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and melanoma. The dielectric characteristics of the samples were determined using the Double Debye model. The simulations revealed that the metamaterial design exhibited double negative material properties at a specific frequency of 1.15 THz. Upon skin contact and detection of malignancy, the reflection coefficient showed a shift toward lower frequencies. Notably, the melanoma sample exhibited the most significant shift, indicating a more severe form of cancer compared to BCC. Furthermore, it was observed that the difference in resonance frequencies between normal and malignant skin increased with the thickness of the sample. The sensor demonstrated high sensitivity in detecting cancer thickness, with a sensitivity of 9.25 GHz/µm for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 10.2 GHz/µm for melanoma. Furthermore, linear regression analysis revealed a robust correlation between the resonance frequency and the variation in cancer thickness, with R2 values of 0.9948 and 0.9947 for BCC and melanoma, respectively. These findings underscore the sensor\u27s ability to detect skin cancer at its earliest stages, regardless of its severity
Tapered Bladed of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine for Powering Street Lights in Urban Areas in Indonesia with Wind Speed of 2-4 m/s
Get PDFThis paper presents the development of a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) with blades in the form of a taper curved profile using caps on the top and bottom of the turbine. The blade development was carried out based on numerical calculations using the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method using ANSYS Workbench 2018 software by comparing the use of conventional blades. The flow pattern that occurs around the turbine shows that the tapered curved blade design has a more distributed vortex formation pattern compared to conventional curved blades, and the turbulence that occurs at tip speed ratio, or TSR = 1.0 is still in the turbine blade area, which means the wind turbine in this research has a larger speed range compared to previous research. The experimental results of the characteristics of the wind turbine prototype parameters obtained the maximum coefficient of power, Cp-max = 0,14 at TSR 1.11, and was able to turn on LED street light and was able to fully charge the battery within 4 hours. The experiment results of this study are presented in the form of bar chart of Cp-max, compared with the Savonius results of previous studies, at almost the same TSR. It is obtained that the Cp of this wind turbine works with Cp 18.9 % greater than the previous results. So this wind turbine is suitable for use in urban areas in Indonesia which have wind speeds of 2 – 4 m/s
Effect of The Staggering of a Contact Wire on Wear Behaviour in Malaysian Railway Traction Power Supply
Get PDFWith Malaysia\u27s rapid railway development, resolving the issue of train safety assurance during operation is critical. In advanced railway systems, electricity is transmitted to trains via the sliding contact of the pantograph and overhead catenary system, which leads the transmission wire in the pantograph and catenary system to deteriorate continuously. Monitoring of contact wire wear is essential for ensuring the safety and efficient operation of electric trains in terms of precision and service efficiency. This research has been developed to detect and monitor contact and stagger wire wear. The bottom of a contact wire can be captured using image processing technology using a line sensor camera. The measurement is carried out using the binocular ranging principle by evaluating the local wear conditions captured by two cameras in order to ascertain the complete wear data of the contact wire and the stagger value. The method has been used between chainage M403.680 and M390.1476 Upline, and the inspection data shows that 94.12 % of contact wire wear in the SPK-Serdang section of KVDT Line is distributed in the interval (0 mm - 0.3 mm). The highest wear distribution of the whole line is around 0.3 mm
Suction Variation of a Single Mature Tree on Top of Tropical Residual Soil
Get PDFThis paper discusses the investigation of an active root tree zone located on top of a slope. This section of slope generated matric suction due to tree water uptake. A field monitoring program was conducted to collect matric suction data at the slope with two conditions: in the absence of a tree and with a tree located on top of a tropical residual soil slope [1]. The variation in matric suction values and matric suction profiles response to the tree water uptake and rainfall are investigated. Matric suction significantly increased in the vicinity of the tree on top of the slope compared to the slope without a tree. The variations of matric suction response due to climate change occur significantly at the swallow of the slope and decrease gradually with depth. The decreases of matric suction occur after a long duration of intense rainfall. This was an initial condition before the water uptake driven by the active root tree generated maximum matric suction (low moisture content). Analyses from matric suction profiles revealed that the majority of matric suction changes were greater near tree trunks (< 4.4 m) and at shallow depths (0.25m) [2]. The contours of matric suction profiles are presented to reveal moisture flow due to tree water uptake. This investigation provides that the viewed contribution of a single mature tree significantly alters the matric suction or moisture variation distribution driven by transpiration in an unsaturated soil slope. It considers that preserving mature trees can improve soil properties in modern slope designs
Adsorption of Malachite Green Using Rice Husk-Based Adsorbents
Get PDFThis study investigates the adsorption of Malachite Green using rice husk-based adsorbents of chitosan alginate rice husk beads and rice husk powder. The methodology involved preparation of adsorbents and stock solution, adsorption study, evaluation of kinetic and isotherm models and characterization of adsorbent. The selected malachite green adsorption conditions were 50% removal of Malachite Green at 1.35 g for chitosan alginate rice husk beads and 0.02 g for rice husk powder, 60 minutes contact time and 5 mg/L initial Malachite Green concentration. Both adsorbents were fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model rather than the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, indicating chemisorption is the rate-limiting step. For the isotherm study, chitosan alginate rice husk beads were better fitted to the heterogeneous Freundlich isotherm model, while rice husk powder matched better with the homogeneous monolayer Langmuir isotherm model. Chitosan alginate beads showed lower adsorption performance than rice husk powder due to blocked functional groups. The FTIR characterization showed functional groups -OH, -NH, -C-H and C=C present on both adsorbents. For chitosan alginate beads, the shift, disappearance and appearance of new peaks after Malachite Green adsorption indicated bonding breakdown and reaction occurred with Malachite Green, thus new bonding was formed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs illustrated surface morphology for both adsorbents were changed from smooth to rough surface and porous were filled by particles after Malachite Green adsorption. In this study, rice husk-based adsorbent has the potential to be used for removing Malachite Green from aqueous solutions, especially in pilot study or industrial applications