International Journal of Integrated Engineering
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Performance Analysis of Piezoelectric Multi-cantilever Array System with Different Mass Configurations
Get PDFThis paper presents a piezoelectric array harvester using five array beams with piezo patches on their fixed ends and tip masses situated on various locations on the beams. The simulation-based study is conducted in COMSOL Multiphysics within a range of 0-40 Hz to inspect and evaluate the bandwidth frequency of the voltage output. Three different categories A, B & C have been studied including three different materials, tungsten, steel, and aluminium used on the array beams and the tip mass to investigate the effect of the weight and the location of the tip mass on the beam. Additionally, twenty sub-categories of configuration of the tip mass have been presented and evaluated in the paper. The collected data from different arrangements of the block masses and the use of different materials helped conclude the correlation among the location, weight of the tip mass, the magnitude of outcome and resonant frequencies. The paper identifies potential arrangements of multi-cantilever array system to broaden the bandwidth frequency
Inventory of Pollution Sources for The Lakes of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Get PDFEutrophication impacts freshwater systems worldwide. Eutrophication may occur naturally, although human-caused causes are common. Human activities that release phosphorus and nitrogen cause anthropogenic eutrophication, which increases organic matter production. Lake eutrophication affects surface water globally. Water pollution may be assessed through point sources (PS) and non-point sources (NPS). PS is the intentional or inadvertent release of pollutants from industrial and wastewater facilities into waterways. PS is simpler to control than NPS due to rules and monitoring. Agriculture, urban development, and natural processes in the lake\u27s watershed may cause NPS pollution. Many causes cause NPS contamination, including precipitation, air deposition, infiltration, drainage, and watershed water flow variations. The pollution inventory activity has been carried out in several selected lakes at UTHM, specifically Tasik Kemajuan (in front of the G3 building), Tasik Teknologi (in front of Fakulti Kejuruteraan Awam dan Alam Bina, FKAAB), Tasik Teknologi (in front of Fakulti Pendidikan Teknikal dan Vokasional, FPTV), and Tasik Pembangunan (in front of Perpustakaan Tunku Tun Aminah, PTTA). Point and non-point pollution sources in the study\u27s area have been evaluated via a site investigation. The water discharge sources and considered pollutants entering the lake were analysed. The UTHM water flow plan is being studied for lake inflow sources. The PS pollutant inventory indicated that cafeteria wastewater and commercial building and faculty drainage systems pollute all lakes. Tasik Teknologi (FPTV) identified palm oil plantation water outflow as a pollutant source that can increase lake nutrient content. In all lakes studied, leaves, grass clippings, and other garden trash reached the water. Tasik Kemajuan, Tasik Teknologi (FKAAB), and Tasik Teknologi (FPTV) received water discharge from other lakes, transporting pollutants. This pollutant\u27s source assessment found most NPS from surface runoff. Road runoff contains several pollutants. Soil, leaves, and organic detritus are natural, while construction materials, exhausted particles, roadside waste, and fertilisers are manmade. Storm drains or surface runoff can carry these pollutants from roads to waterways. Residential and commercial stormwater runoff can transport fertiliser from lawns, gardens, and other well-maintained areas. Rainwater washes fertilisers into storm drains and lakes. Runoff can pollute streams and cause algae blooms. In conclusion, all pollutant sources that contributed to the eutrophication for Tasik Kemajuan, Tasik Teknologi (FKAAB), Tasik Teknologi (FPTV) and Tasik Pembangunan has been identified by conducting the pollutants sources inventory
The Effect of Soaking on CBR Values in Soft Soils Stabilized with Stone Ash and Sand
Get PDFConstructing in the soft soil is necessary to improve. The improvement of soft soil by mixing natural materials, namely stone ash and sand, reduces the impact of environmental damage when using chemical additives. Variations of materials mixture were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. To determine the strength of the soil that has been mixed with natural materials, a test called the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is carried out. The CBR laboratory test illustrates the conditions that will occur in the field. This CBR test was carried out using soaked and un-soaked methods. For testing by soaking, mixed variations of 0% and 5% obtained a low CBR value. The highest was 10% mixed variation and decreased to 15% and 20%. The CBR test without soaking had the highest CBR value at 5% mixture variation and the lowest at 0%. Adding a mixture variation above 5% causes the CBR value to decrease slowly. The results of the tests show that soaking the soil makes the soil condition saturated with water so that the resulting CBR value becomes very low
Investigation of Particle Gradation Effect on Soil-Rock Mixture Using Direct Shear Test
Get PDFSoil-rock mixture (SRM) is a special geomaterial that is composed of soil and a certain percentage of rock blocks with various sizes and strengths. It has high structural strength and renewable resources that are used as filler in subgrade, construction material and embankment dams. However, the mechanical properties of the soil-rock mixture are sophisticated owing to the complicated interaction between soil and rock particles. Previously, many experimental investigations were conducted to focus on shear behaviours and the influencing factors of SRM. Yet, limited work has been done to underline the effect of particle size distribution towards SRM shear strength parameters. Thus, this study conducted an SRM shear test with three different kinds of gradation and rock block percentages. Various soil densities, porosities and different framework structures have resulted from different rock particle concentrations. From the results, the well-graded SRM shows a non-linear trend of cohesion value while uniformly graded and gap-graded SRMs shows contradicting trend respectively. The result and analysis in this study are especially useful in analysing its influence on the shear strength parameters of SRM with different rock block percentages
Topology Optimization of Car Doorstep Using Simulation Method
No full textThe Car doorstep is a device designed to facilitate access to the roof of a car. It is a sturdy tool capable of supporting human weight while lifting items onto the car’s roof. In this study, the car doorstep was made using waste drum brake shoe material, and its mass was reduced through static structural simulation and topology optimization in Ansys Workbench. The objective was to achieve reduced mass, total deformation, equivalent stress, maximum principal stress, and safety factors for each variation. The car doorstep\u27s geometry was subjected to a load of 1765 N and appropriate supports were applied. Based on the conducted research, the car door step\u27s geometry with a 40% variation resulted in the most optimal data, with the following values: mass (1,4 Kg), total deformation (1.81 mm), equivalent stress (21.47 MPa), maximum principal stress (22.17 MPa), and safety factor (yield strength: 1.2, ultimate strength: 4.54
DGS Based CP Antenna for 5G Communication with Harmonic
Get PDFHigher harmonics in antennas contribute to negative effects on antenna performance such as interference, radiation pattern distortion, impedance mismatch and increased complexity in design, commonly occurring in RF communication systems caused by the non-uniformity of the antenna structure and the presence of parasitic elements. Therefore, a patch antenna operating at 3.65GHz for 5G mobile communication that incorporates techniques to suppress unwanted higher harmonics is presented. The antenna design employs a basic rectangular patch antenna with an inset feed technique to enhance the S11 parameters at the resonant frequency. Additionally, two dumbbell defected ground structures (DGS) are employed to minimize the higher modes of harmonic distortion. To transform the antenna into a circular polarized (CP) antenna, two truncated corners and a cross slot perpendicular to the middle of the patch are introduced. The proposed antenna is able to suppress unwanted harmonics at higher resonances, demonstrating its effectiveness in mitigating harmonic distortion
A Recycling and Measurement of Floodwater Using Arduino, Potassium Alum and River Stone
Get PDFFlood disasters can occur unexpectedly, causing significant damage to homes or office buildings and their contents. Moreover, they pose a serious threat to health, and the recovery process can take 3-7 days. As a result, many flood victims face challenges in accessing clean water for essential needs, which can be especially difficult in urgent situations. There is a pressing need for solutions that can improve and support flood victims. This project aims to address this need by proposing a system for recycling floodwater. It also seeks to highlight the potential usefulness of floodwater for various purposes. The project utilizes the ADDIE model to develop a tool, specifically a smart indicator called ArduPoSt, which utilizes Arduino technology in conjunction with potassium alum and river stone to monitor and enhance the quality of floodwater. The product was tested with two samples, potassium alum with and without river stone, to gauge the accuracy of water turbidity measurement. The results demonstrated that water turbidity measurement was more accurate and faster when river stones were included. This product is designed to be flexible and valuable for addressing urgent needs of flood victims. Additionally, there are plans to further enhance its usability through the development of a more interactive design with mobile applications in future iterations
A Reconfigurable Hardware Realization for Real-Time Simulation of Cardiac Excitation and Conduction
Get PDFDynamic simulation of complex cardiac excitation and conduction requires high computational time. Thus, the hardware techniques that can run in real-time simulation were introduced. However, according to existing studies, the hardware simulation requires high power consumption and involves a large size of the physical parts. Due to the drawbacks, this research presents the adaptation of nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE)-based cardiac excitable models of Luo-Rudy Phase I (LR-I) and FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) in a reconfigurable hardware of field-programmable gate array (FPGA). FPGA rapid prototyping using MATLAB Hardware Description Language (HDL) Coder was used to convert a fixed-point MATLAB Simulink blocks design of the cardiac models into a synthesizable VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL) code and verified using the FPGA-In-the Loop (FIL) Co-simulator. The Xilinx FPGA Virtex-6 XC6VLX240T ML605 evaluation board was chosen as the FPGA platform. The cardiac excitation response characteristics using LR-I model and the simulations of reentrant initiation and annihilation using the FHN model were verifed in Virtex-6 FPGA. This means, a new real-time simulation-based analysis technique of cardiac electrical excitation and conduction were successfully developed using the reconfigurable hardware
A Review of HRV and EEG Technology Applications in Industry 5.0: Emphasising Manufacturing Efficiency and Worker Well-Being
Get PDFThis review paper examines the role of physiological monitoring techniques in the manufacturing industry, particularly through the use of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Electroencephalography (EEG), aligning with the human-centric approach of Industry 5.0. Delving into the current applications and potential of these biometric tools, the paper highlights their significance in enhancing worker well-being, safety, cognitive workload management, and the optimisation of human-machine interactions. A systematic literature search employing the PRISMA framework was conducted, revealing a marked preference for HRV over EEG in current research, although both have been shown to offer substantial benefits. The review underscores the precision of ECG-based HRV measurements as pivotal for assessing autonomic nervous system activity, with implications for employee health outcomes. The analysis of EEG studies reflects its utility in mapping psychological states and fostering advanced Brain-Computer Interface technologies, contributing to safer and more efficient manufacturing processes. As the review concludes, the integration of HRV and EEG monitoring is poised to become a standard practice within the industry, signalling a shift towards manufacturing operations that prioritize the health and satisfaction of the workforce while maintaining operational excellence. The findings advocate for the adoption of these monitoring techniques as part of a larger strategy to ensure a responsive, adaptive, and worker-centric manufacturing environment. This paper paves the way for future research to explore the full spectrum of possibilities that HRV and EEG monitoring hold for the evolution of the manufacturing sector
Mechanical Characteristics of Biocomposites Based on Rice Husk Reinforced Recycled Polypropylene
Get PDFThis work aims to investigate the influence of the combination of rice husk (RH) and recycled polypropylene (RPP) in producing environmentally friendly materials. In the current investigation, four distinct compounds were selected to identify the most effective combination for achieving the highest result of mechanical properties outcomes. Samples were created with variable RH concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight). The results showed that RH-RPP with 20% of RH had the highest mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images prove the enhanced mechanical characteristics. In addition, the water absorption and thickness swelling analysis show that RH-RPP composites with 20% RH concentration produce competitive results of 1.14% and 2.06%, respectively. Therefore, the finding from the present study summarized that the combination of RH and RPP with 20% of RH percentage had a great potential in producing competitive eco-friendly material for engineering applications. In addition, it is anticipated that it will be able to create RH-RPP composites as a potential alternative for conventional polymers in various applications, thereby contributing to sustainable development goals especially in line with the SDG 12, responsible consumption and production