International Journal of Integrated Engineering
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Functionality And Reliability Improvement of Lifting Mechanism System in The Drone Docking Station Using TRIZ
Get PDFDrone docking station (DDS) is a hub designed for drone origin resting that is used for highway surveillance. The studied DDS is purposely for low-cost and locally sourced DDS components used in remote areas to store and protect the drone. This paper aims to select simpler design of lifting mechanism that can improve the functionality and reliability of the DDS by using TRIZ tools. The key solutions are obtained using the Function Analysis (FA) tool and Engineering Contradiction (EC) tool. By utilizing FA tool, functions of all DDS components were identified and it helped to focus on improving the chosen subsystem which is the lifting mechanism. After that, by applying EC tool, a screw type or known as mechanical type lift was chosen as the lifting mechanism for the DDS. The EC tool shows that the mechanical lifting mechanisms have simpler design with no dependency on fluid making it more suitable to be installed inside the DDS. By selecting the mechanical lifting mechanism, the simplicity design relates with easier maintenance and troubleshooting procedures, without risk of fluid-related issues. However, it should be tested in real working environments to find and fix any underlying problems
Seismic Evaluation of High-Rise Building Performance During Earthquakes by Employing Shear Wall Framing Systems
Get PDFIt is vital to consider earthquakes in high-rise building design due to the potential seismic hazards that can pose substantial dangers to the structural integrity and safety of these structures. These buildings are more prone to lateral forces and vibrations during an earthquake, given their height and mass. Incorporating seismic design measures, such as the use of shear walls, helps mitigate the effect of earthquakes on tall buildings, ensuring their resilience and the protection of human life and buildings. Designing structures exclusively for seismic protection may be economically impractical, given the rare occurrence of earthquakes during a structure\u27s lifespan. Despite the infrequency of earthquakes in Malaysia, concerns among Malaysians have arisen due to seismic activities in neighbouring countries, prompting a need for considerations in constructing structures that address both economic feasibility and potential seismic threats. This research focuses on evaluating the seismic performance of a 50-story tall building during earthquakes, utilizing shear wall framing systems. Response spectrum analysis is applied to assess various parameters such as displacement, drift, and stiffness at different levels. The results of these parameters in a building with shear walls positioned at both the centre and corners are compared to those of a structure lacking shear walls. The study reveals that the placement of shear walls and the symmetry of the frame impact the building\u27s performance during earthquakes. According to the findings, structures with shear walls demonstrate better resistance to deformation caused by seismic loads compared to buildings without shear walls. Therefore, integrating shear walls into tall buildings proves to be an advantageous strategy for mitigating seismic damage in high-rise structures. Therefore, incorporating shear walls into tall buildings proves to be a beneficial approach to mitigate seismic damage in high-rise structures.
Energy Poverty Impact on Social Economics in Malaysia
Get PDFEnergy poverty presents a global challenge, impacting not only developing countries but also developed nations. The lack of access to energy in modern living gives rise to various problems, including environmental, health, education, and economic issues. However, the current measurement of energy poverty mostly relies on data analysis with different indicators for each method. In this paper, we propose a model capable of evaluating time series-based causal relationships between each indicator and understanding the significance of their influence on each other. We utilize the ARDL approach and VECM model for our analysis. The results show that there is short run cointegration exists in the ARDL bound test, which is further confirmed by the stability test. Overall, the findings demonstrate a significant bidirectional influence of energy consumption with all indicators, except for education in the case of Malaysia.
MobUNet: Utilizing Deep Learning for Segmenting Cucumber Leaves
Get PDFPlant image segmentation is challenging due to overlapping leaves and complex image backgrounds. Consequently, the segmentation model has some challenges recognizing the leaves, further affecting the segmentation performance. This study proposes a deep learning method called MobUNet, using U-Net, and employs MobileNetV2 as an encoder to overcome the problems for cucumber leaf segmentation. Around 145 leaf images with complex backgrounds are collected at the cucumber farm and annotated for ground truth data. The experiment uses the ratio of 80:20 for training and testing sets, and some hyperparameters are modified to achieve a good segmentation result. The segmentation results are subject to several metrics: accuracy, Dice score, IoU, Dice loss, Jaccard distance, and Hausdorff distance. The experimental results for segmentation accuracy, Dice score, and IoU were 93.23%, 91.30%, and 85.03%, respectively. An analysis was conducted to create a benchmark in segmentation performance, utilizing the U-Net baseline, MobileNetV1, and MobileNetV2, which use the same dataset. Despite the complex background, MobUNet can successfully segment the cucumber leaf images compared to the other models. The MobUNet showed the closest Hausdorff distance value to the origin point, measuring at 0.0001; hence, it demonstrates high quality and accuracy in the segmentation
Performance Evaluation of DCT, FFT and DWT Basis Compressive Sensing for Guided Wave Ultrasonic Testing
Get PDFGuided wave ultrasonic testing (GWUT) is among the optimum method that has been broadly utilised for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. With the rapid development of wireless and real-time in SHM fields, the implementation of compressive sensing (CS) for GWUT has received attention for better signal-processing compression techniques. Instead of the traditional compression method, an efficient CS promises a compression method that can sample signals lower than the Nyquist sampling rate. In CS, the signal basis is an important parameter to be investigated that will influence the compression performance. This study transforms the GWUT input signal into three (3) types of familiar signal basis, such as discrete cosine transform (DCT), fast Fourier transform (FFT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and the compression performance using the CS method is examined and compared. The results reveal that among these three (3) signals basis, considered the trade-off between quality and compressed performance, the DCT is the best basis and the sparsest transform signal for GWUT with excellent compressed ability and quality of reconstruction. 50 to 80 percent of the M/N sampling ratio was recorded as the best sampling ratio for DCT, with SNR values ranging from 37 dB to 44 dB
The Effect of Different Diameter Rotor Bars Size on Performance of 0.5 Hp Induction Motor
Get PDFInduction motors are currently the most widely used industrial motors. In the field of industry, its self starting, tiny size, light weight, excellent effectiveness, minimal maintenance requirements, and simplicity to operate, less prone to accidents, and low cost per same power rating make it suitable for use. A fractional horsepower to thousands of horsepower is available. Induction motors can be found in centrifugal pumps, conveyors, compressor crushers, drilling machines, fans, blowers, escalators, refrigerators, and electric vehicles. In Malaysia, industrial motors consume 48% of total energy. In many industrialized countries, electric motors consume over 70% of the total energy. This study examines 4-pole, 0.5-hp, 50Hz, and 415V industry low-voltages 3-phase induction motors. Changing the diameter of the rotor bars is used to research how to increase the effectiveness of energy. The work proposed a new rotor design with modified bar sizes. This research was conducted utilizing two techniques: MATLAB programme simulation and theoretical calculation. Simulations show that the new design is significantly more energy efficient. The theoretical calculation was done using MATLAB. Through MATLAB programme, the effectiveness of the three rotor bar diameters and the suggested new model were compared. The finding indicated that the rotor bars with 0.648-inch diameters have a batter efficiency of 79.66% as compared to others with different diameters. Based on the simulation, the smaller the diameter of the rotor bar is more effective relative to the bigger rotor bar diameter based on a decent range of maximum rotor core flux density, which is less than 1T. The result is proven using MATLAB
A Comprehensive Review of Modeling Approaches for Analyzing Mechanical Properties and Fatigue Performance in Magnesium Alloys
Get PDFAbstract Magnesium (Mg) alloys have garnered considerable attention across diverse sectors, encompassing aerospace, automotive, and biomedical domains, owing to their advantageous attributes, which include a notably low density (1.7 g/m3), high strength-to-weight ratio, augmented specific stiffness, heightened damping capacity, and exceptional machinability. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the influence of strain amplitude, strain rate, and temperature on the fatigue life of magnesium alloys. The investigation entails a comparative analysis of fatigue life modeling using established models such as Walker’s and Wheeler\u27s models, employing a synthesis of experimental and analytical methodologies. Furthermore, the monotonic mechanical properties, encompassing tensile strength and yield stress, are elucidated across a wide temperature range from room temperature (RT) to 300°C, alongside a comparative evaluation vis-a-vis other material counterpart. The paper also encapsulates a comprehensive review and tabulation of the limited analytical studies pertaining to magnesium alloys available in the literature
An Evaluation on EMG-based Machine Learning Classification of Hand Movements Using Three Electrodes Arrangement on Forearm
Get PDFA lot of types of myoelectric prosthetic hands using surface electromyogram have been investigated and developed in recent years. To control the myoelectric prosthetic hands, it is required to develop a high classification rate system. We propose a method of electrode placement and pretreatment by placing the three electrodes at the mid-forearm in the form of an armband. Even though similar studies have been developed in the past, we investigate the arrangement of electrodes among a lot of measurement points. To reduce the number of measuring electrodes, we evaluate the effects of muscle potential measurements on the pattern recognition and the classification of the useful measurement points by fixing three electrodes arranged in the form of armbands using the proposed method
Microwave Assisted Alkali Pretreatment of Elephant Grass Using Sodium Hydroxide and Potassium Hydroxide
Get PDFMicrowave-assisted alkali pretreatment of Pennisetum purpureum, elephant grass (EG) prior to the hydrolysis process was conducted using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) to investigate the effect on lignin content and crystallinity index of cellulose. Microwave-assisted alkali pretreatment of EG was performed using NaOH and KOH at the same concentration of 2.5 M at various residence times of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 minutes with a microwave power of 180 W. Lignin content was significantly reduced, measuring 46.08% and 48.9% as the pretreatment time increased at 60 minutes for NaOH and KOH solution, respectively. The optimal condition for the pretreatment was found to be 20 minutes of irradiation, as it resulted in the highest crystallinity index of cellulose at 64.64% and 63.43% for NaOH and KOH pretreatment, respectively
Rejuvenating Organic Soil Behavior with Crushed Waste Concrete: Experimental and Mineralogical Investigations
Get PDFUrban regions are currently grappling with the mounting challenge of managing significant volumes of solid waste, especially from building and demolition materials. This study explores the utilization of crushed waste concrete (CWC), a substantial component of solid waste, for organic soil stabilization. Various percentages (10%, 15%, and 20%) of crushed waste concrete were added to organic soil. Subsequently, a comprehensive series of laboratory tests were conducted, including compaction tests using the standard proctor test, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, and Physicochemical assessments comprising of pH, SEM-EDX, and XRD analyses. The results of the experimental tests revealed interesting trends. As the crushed waste concrete percentages increased, there were corresponding increases and decreases in the organic soil\u27s maximum dry density and optimum water content, respectively. Notably, the UCS values of the organic soil exhibited an approximate 594% enhancement when the CWC percentage was about 10%. The SEM-EDX and XRD analyses provided valuable insights, indicating an improvement in the soil structure and the presence of new cementitious materials such as calcium-aluminate-hydrate (CAH) and calcium-silicate-hydrate (CSH) resulting from the interaction between crushed waste concrete and organic soil. This study demonstrates the potential of crushed waste concrete as an effective agent for organic soil stabilization, offering a sustainable approach for repurposing solid waste and mitigating soil-related challenges in urban regions. The findings suggest promising prospects for further exploration and application of this eco-friendly technique in civil engineering and construction practices, contributing to waste reduction and environmental preservation