International Journal of Integrated Engineering
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Characterization of Biomaterials with Rose Petal Properties by Adapting Hyperelastic Models
Get PDFThe rose petals will be used together with other biomaterial compositions that would fit in artificial skin composition-based to improve the enhancement of healing agents. The objective of this project is to develop biomaterial with the enhancement of rose petals which acts as a healing agent for skin substitutes, and to characterize its mechanical properties that suit hyperelastic models. The methodology process involves mixing silicone rubber, gelatin, glycerin, distilled water, and rose petal powder to carry out the mechanical properties and hyperelastic behavior that could mimic the skin of mechanical properties. A double-boiling process was used and continuously stirred the mixtures up to 90°C before being poured into the 3D print mold. ASTM D412 is a uniaxial tensile test standard with a constant speed rate of 50 mm/min that was used in this study. The raw data from the computational Load-Extension was plotted on a graph of stress-strain and stress-stretch. The numerical approach of hyperelastic models such as Mooney-Rivlin and Yeoh are selected to analyze stress-stretch of biocomposite of skin substitute. The constant, C1, is in the range of 0.0344-0.0385 MPa, while C2 is in the negative range of 0.0365-0.0829 MPa, according to the Mooney-Rivlin model results. Meanwhile, for the Yeoh model, the constant, CP, is in the range of 0.00695-0.0122 MPa. The combination of silicone rubber, gelatin, glycerin, distilled water, and rose petal powder is homogeneous because lies within the skin\u27s mechanical properties range. This study has significantly contributed to a better understanding of the mechanical properties of biocomposite
Surface Characterization of Porous Ti-6Al-4V Dental Implant by Metal Injection Molding with Palm Stearin Binder System
Get PDFThe osseointegration rate of Ti-6Al-4V dental implants is related to their composition and surface roughness. Rough-surfaced implants favour both bone anchoring and biochemical stability. This paper focused on the surface characteristic of highly porous Ti-6Al-4V dental implant by metal injection molding with palm stearin binder system with an addition of sodium chloride as space holder which has been established in the fabrication of porous Ti-6Al-4V. The integrated pores obtained on the dental implant provides the space for mineralized bone to growth and diffuse into the dental implant and improve the anchorage of the dental implant towards the bone and prevent dental implant loosening. The average surface roughness (Ra) of 4.62 ± 1.33 µm and 5.83 ± 1.25 µm was within the proposed ideal surface roughness of 1-10µm. In addition, the existence of lamellar of α-β phase on the surface as-polished dental implant would improve both the mechanical as well as the elastic properties
Sustainability of Energy Conservation in HVAC System Using Fuzzy Logic
Get PDFNowadays, air-conditioning systems are installed in buildings to provide a healthy and comfortable environment for the occupants. However, it will consume a large amount of energy resulting in an expensive cooling cost in the building. This paper presents an approach to minimize the energy consumption of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system. The main objective is to provide a solution to reduce the energy consumption of a house air system using fuzzy logic by controlling the expansion valve of the air conditioner. The membership functions of fuzzy logic consisting of two inputs and one output were used as a method to control the output temperature of the system. The output shows a reduction in the cooling cost of the HVAC system in a building
Impact of UHMWPE and PP Polymer Characterization on the Blending Process for PP/UHMWPE Composite in FFF
Get PDFUltra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a thermoplastic semicrystalline polymer renowned for its exceptional wear resistance, low friction coefficient, and robust mechanical properties. It also exhibits strong resistance to corrosive substances. Despite these unique characteristics, UHMWPE has an extremely low melt flow rate (MFR) near zero, making it unsuitable for traditional polymer processing techniques. To address this issue, polypropylene (PP) is often used as a plasticizer to enhance the extrudability of UHMWPE-based composites. PP, a widely used thermoplastic polymer, is synthesized from the monomer propylene via chain-growth polymerization. However, chemical incompatibility between UHMWPE and PP poses challenges in composite manufacturing. This research aims to examine the characteristics of both materials to better understand the requirements and impact of these properties on the blending process of UHMWPE-PP composites for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). The characterization process includes analyzing the morphological, thermal behaviour and stability, and crystallinity of UHMWPE and PP in their respective powder and granular forms. The study reveals how the particle shape influences the behaviour of both polymers and the outcomes of their blending. Comprehensive characterization informs the blending process, ensuring a homogeneous mixture and improved interfacial adhesion. The discoveries presented in this paper are implemented in examining the extrudability of UHMWPE-PP composites, incorporating various blending materials, for the specific application of bone repair implants using FFF
Analyzing the Effectiveness of Wi-Fi 6E in Mitigating Interference in Industrial Environment
Get PDFWi-Fi is a widely used wireless technology that is constantly evolving to meet demands for high throughput, real-time communication, dense networks, and resource efficiency. It provides broadband wireless connectivity between end users via unlicensed 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequency bands. Despite many benefits offered by the technology such as mobility, flexibility, and low cost, the limitation in propagating radio frequency (RF) signals over the existing frequency becomes a challenge in some environments, especially in a densely packed manufacturing environment. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the newly introduced Wi-Fi 6E which uses a 6GHz unlicensed frequency band in mitigating the effect of RF interference and obstructions in a densely packed manufacturing environment. This study focuses on evaluating the Wi-Fi performance of a selected printing manufacturing building under line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments. The effect of obstacles, the source of interferences, and the distance toward the Wi-Fi signal strength and latency are measured using Acrylic W-Fi Analyzer, NetSpot Heatmapper and Ping tools. The results indicate that at the same distance in both NLOS and LOS environments, the 6GHz frequency has the lowest latency compared to the 2.4GHz and 5GHz frequencies. Additionally, the signal strength received from the 6GHz access point (AP) is significantly high at shorter distances in high interference environments but decreases as the distance between the AP and the end devices increases. The findings of this research can significantly enhance existing knowledge by offering valuable insights into the potential application of Wi-Fi 6E for Wi-Fi deployment in manufacturing environments.
Structural Design and Motion Analysis of Reconfigurable Tracked Pipeline Robot
Get PDFThere has been a renewed interest in development of pipeline robot to meet the demand of regular inspection and maintenance. This paper focuses on structural design and motion analysis of the developed reconfigurable tracked pipeline robot. The robot features an active diameter-changing mechanism, and an independent control drive module allowing it to adjust its tracks to fit the inner wall size of circular pipelines during manoeuvring. A comprehensive dynamic motion analysis was conducted to determine the necessary motion and force for effective robot movement. Both simulation and experimental tests were performed in horizontal and sloping pipelines. It was found that the angular velocity is relatively stable and reciprocating within a range of -2.7 to 1.7 °/s. The simulation results exhibit that the robot has good adaptability to pipeline sizes which demonstrate that the robot performs effectively within circular pipelines.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Bitumen Emulsion for Stabilising Subgrade Sand
Get PDFSand is a type of soil that is prone to erosion and has low bearing capacity. Hence, stabilisation of sand subgrade layer is needed. The results of a study assessing the efficiency of bitumen emulsions (2%, 3%, and 4%) for stabilising sand are presented in this paper. In this study, two different types of sand were individually mixed with bitumen emulsion: clayey sand and river sand. Soil classification, compaction test, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) were among the laboratory tests conducted. The unsoaked and soaked CBR was measured after 4 days of curing, and the UCS of sand were measured after 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. Based on the obtained California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), the results indicated that the sand was suitable to be stabilised with bitumen emulsion. It is recommended that future research conduct long-term studies to evaluate the performance of bitumen emulsion-stabilised poorly sand subgrade under real -world condition
The Concept of Flexible Lower Limb Powered-Exoskeleton for Human Performance Augmentation: A Review
Get PDFThis review covers the lower limb powered exoskeleton by using the two-links flexible to generate the dynamic model for flexible robotic legs. The exoskeletons are defined as wearable robotic mechanisms for carrying loads. Therefore, this paper covers various aspects of two-flexible links in term of modeling methods, dynamical analyses, and control schemes. An introduction to PID controller at the short literature review is provided to improve the performance of flexible robotic legs. This review summarizes the overview of augmenting exoskeletons, types of lower limb exoskeletons, biomechanics of human gait, the mathematical models of two-flexible link, and the control approach of the two-link flexible to generate flexible lower limb powered exoskeleton for carrying load based on the concept of two-link flexible
Marble Waste Utilization in Geopolymerized Concrete Incorporating Outdoor Heat Exposure and Alkali Activated Material
Get PDFMarble waste can be incorporated in the geopolymerized concrete production as supplementary cementitious material. Therefore, this study intends to assess physical and mechanical properties of a geopolymerized product through marble waste utilization under outdoor heat exposure (OHE) and use of alkali activated material (AAM). In the concrete production, marble waste was used at 20% by ratio and the specimen was subjected to OHE of 3-5 days and AAM/cement ratio of 0.3-0.4. Compressive strength analysis was performed to evaluate performance of geopolymerized concrete under the influence of OHE and AAM. The mineralogical and microstructure composition of the geopolymerized concrete were determined using XRD and SEM analysis, respectively. On average, specimens with 0.3-0.4 AAM/cement ratio and 3-5 days heat period have shown higher compressive strength than the control. The XRD and SEM analyses showed that the production of calcium silicate hydrate and other cementitious compounds were formed in the geopolymerized concrete product. Therefore, marble waste can be regarded as a suitable material to be used as supplementary cementitious material incorporating alkali activated material and outdoor heat exposure. This is in line with the concept of waste restoration in construction material for long-term environmental sustainability
Mathematical Modeling and Optimization of Process Parameters in 3D Printing of AlFeSi10Mg Components Using Neural Network and RSM
Get PDFSelected laser melting (SLM) products made of aluminum have been widely employed in biomedical, industries, and aerospace. However,SLM’s unique process parameters make it difficult to efficiently print desired objects.SLM can be used to print high strength aluminum alloys that can be optimized for processing. For parameter optimization of Scanning Speed, hatching distance, Layer height, and laser speed, D-Optimal design of experiments approach is utilized. We develop parameter windows for these three parameters (LED, SED, VED) about part density using 36 samples. The density data collected from the samples via analysis software agrees well with the numerical model calculated.
SLM printing of Al products requires a pre-processing optimization system because SLM demands so much time, money, and professional understanding of the process and materials. An SLM optimization system based on a supervised Artificial Neural Network is created in this research. The ideal SLM process parameters, which may be employed to manufacture a product that meets a user\u27s need, are the outputs of this optimization method. An SLM operator does not require a lot of knowledge or a lot of time to experiment with this optimization system to print a suitable result. This system is a very important element in the pre-processing of SLM printing