International Journal of Integrated Engineering
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Extend Product Shelf Life to Minimize Customer Complaints by Using Selected Packaging Materials
Get PDFThe majority of complaints received by PT XYZ were related to the quality of products not meeting the promised age, particularly regarding the discrepancy between actual and claimed product shelf life on wafer roll packaging. This research employed a descriptive quantitative approach utilizing an 8D methodology integrated with various Quality Management Systems (QMS) tools to identify the root cause of customer complaints. Additionally, the Sorption Isotherm Method was utilized for theoretically accelerated shelf-life testing aimed at designing more efficient packaging solutions. The main goal was to reduce complaints by implementing a tailored Quality Management System. The findings indicated that the existing plastic types (PET12/INK/ADH/VMPET12/ADH/LLDPE 50), with a WVTR value of 0.5 g H2O/m². day, were not suitable for wafer roll products with a 15-month product life. Conversely, alternative packaging materials with a permeability value of 0.0032125 g H2O/m². day. mmHg and WVTR value ≤ 0.1596 g/m²/24 hours were identified as capable of achieving the desired product shelf life. This approach significantly reduced customer complaints related to product shelf life by selecting appropriate packaging materials for wafer roll products. Following the implementation of the task force project, complaints decreased from 7 cases to 0 cases of customer complaints regarding soggy wafer roll products at PT XYZ observed within 12 months
Assessment of Crop Site Suitability of Under-Utilized Land Using Multi-Criteria Decision and Geospatial Techniques
Get PDFSite suitability study for agriculture or crops are an important technique in deciding potential agricultural types, planning and activities. Site suitability analysis is an assessment of an area to determine its appropriateness for a particular use of the land (such as growing varieties of crop) in a particular location. Assessment of crops site suitability can be done from various approaches and one of the mostly used approach is utilizing geographical information system (GIS) geospatial analysis based on a multi-criteria decision-making method. A widely used multi-attribute technique that has been incorporated into the GIS-based crop site suitability procedure is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for multiple factors assessment integrating physical (slope and topography) and socio-economic factors (land use/land cover, distance from road and water bodies localities). This research is conducted to analyse land criteria factors (i.e., physical, and socio-economic) to assess crop site suitability for under-utilized land in selected districts of the Selangor state. The findings show that the proposed method is able to outline the crop site suitability area in Selangor based on four different suitability categories of not suitable, less suitable, moderately suitable and highly suitable. The integration between GIS and AHP significantly provides an effective approach in assessing crop site suitability for better land use/land cover and agriculture management and production
AHEACS: A Streaming Dataset for Automatic Home Electrical Appliance Control Systems
Get PDFIntroducing AHEACS, a real-time dataset crafted for Automatic Home Electrical Appliance Control Systems. This dynamic dataset originates from sensors embedded in an IoT framework, utilizing MQTT as its communication protocol. Departing from conventional cloud-processed datasets designed for big data, AHEACS adopts a sensor hub methodology, enabling seamless integration with machine learning in an IoT edge network for real-time analysis. The dataset comprises data from diverse sensors, including smart sockets linked to home electrical appliances, smart power meter, temperature and humidity sensors, and motion detectors sensor. AHEACS captures the on/off status of electrical appliances, total household power consumption, and environmental data such as temperature, humidity, and room occupancy. This paper investigates correlations among variables, specifically the air conditioner\u27s on/off status concerning other factors, and devises a home automation model for air conditioners based on household behavior power consumption patterns and home environmental conditions. The dataset is minutely recorded over one week, amassing 20,403 data points, approximately equivalent to 2 weeks and 4 hours, stored in .csv format on a Raspberry Pi 4 functioning as an edge device. Analysis of the AHEACS dataset employs Python in the Google Colab environment, incorporating Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) and six machine learning algorithms: ANN, DT, RF, SVM, LR, and XGBoost. Results from a case study focusing on the Air Conditioner\u27s on/off status reveal a robust correlation with variables TP and Pb. The highest-performing algorithm, ANN, demonstrates an accuracy of 86.8%, MSE of 0.097, RMSE of 0.312, and R2 of 0.607
Mathematical Modelling of Vehicle Rear End Design Using The Polynomial Response Surface Method (PRSM)
Get PDFIt is important to consider the aerodynamic efficiency of the car in design as it improves fuel consumption and provides a smoother ride for the occupant. Studies have shown that vehicle front end profile affects the aerodynamic efficiency of a car but however, to date rear-end vehicle parametric studies have not been done to ascertain the influence of these parameters on the vehicle’s aerodynamic efficiency. This research presents the aerodynamic study of the sedan vehicle rear end by identification of the key vehicle rear-end parameters that influence the drag coefficient value of the vehicle model through the Polynomial Response Surface Modelling (PPRSM.). A total of 100 sedan vehicle models with 7 key rear end parameters generated through the Central Composite Design (CCD) sampling technique are designed using the CAD software, CATIA V5 R20. The front end of the vehicle profile is kept constant. Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis (CFD) is then performed on these models to obtain the drag coefficient (Cd). Mathematical modelling is performed on the Cd data obtained using the PRSM method. The results from the PRSM model gave a value of R^2 is 0.926 with a relatively small error of RMSE at 0.006986 indicating a very good model fit. The rear end vehicle parameter that notably influenced the drag coefficient is the wind shield angle (X6) with the value from 21° to 41°. In conclusion, the rear end vehicle parameters do not seem to largely contribute to the aerodynamic stability of the model
Mechanical Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Incorporating Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) and Gypsum Powder as Partial Cement Replacement
Get PDFThis study investigates sustainable substitutions to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in Malaysia\u27s construction sector, aiming on the environmental impact instigated by greenhouse gas emissions. The research explores using 20% palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and 5% to 15% gypsum powder (GP) as partial cement replacements in self-compacting concrete (SCC). The study utilized cement, sand, coarse aggregate, POFA, and GP. POFA was sourced from a palm oil plant, processed into fine powder, and combined with gypsum powder as a partial cement replacement. The SCC mixtures followed a specific ratio of 1:2:1.7 for cement, sand, and coarse aggregate, with varying percentages of POFA and GP. The objective was to achieve a compressive strength of 30 MPa with SCC densities between 2000–2600 kg/m³. Concrete cubes (100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm) were cast for compressive strength testing, and cylinders (100 mm x 200 mm) were used to measure the modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio. The samples were cured in water for 7 and 28 days. The specimens were subjected to compressive strength tests using standardized testing machines. Cylinders were tested to measure the deformation under load, following guidelines to assess stiffness and elastic properties. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to sustainable construction by offering alternative materials to OPC towards reduce carbon emissions. By incorporating waste materials such as POFA and GP, the study not only addresses environmental concerns however also suggests practical solutions to decrease cement demand. This approach can help reduce the environmental footprint of the construction industry and encourage the recycling of agricultural by-products. This paper advances the understanding of how waste materials can be integrated into concrete production, proposing a viable alternative to traditional methods with significant environmental and industrial benefits
49-Level Cross Switched Cascade Multilevel Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drive
Get PDFTo convert DC supply which is output of renewable energy sources to AC supply multilevel inverters are required. Multilevel inverters offer eminent solutions to high voltage high power applications due to the association of several devices in a series configuration. Multilevel inverter output voltage contains lower harmonics compared with conventional 2- level inverter. This paper presents three phase 49-level asymmetrical cross switched cascade multilevel inverter fed Induction motor drive. This topology requires less number of switches compare to cascaded H bridge. Analysis of 49-level cascade cross switched multilevel inverter fed induction motor drive is simulated on MATLAB/SIMULINK platfor
Corrosion Inhibition of Laser Welded Mg AZ31B-H24 Alloy in NaCl Medium Using Pectin as an Eco-Friendly Inhibitor
Get PDFA magnesium alloy material possesses properties like stiffness, strength, chemical activity, good machinability, etc. which loses its corrosion resistance caused by the chemical activity of active magnesium. To control the corrosion of magnesium AZ31B-H24 alloy, an eco-friendly, water-soluble, cheap, and readily available inhibitor like pectin can be used as an inhibitor in a 5% NaCl medium. To confirm the adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the metal surface, weight loss and surface studies (SEM) were carried out. In addition, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm also confirms the presence of a monolayer on the magnesium surface. The results revealed that the pectin molecules acted as an efficient inhibitor for both welded and non-welded specimens of Mg alloy
Tensile Deformation Behaviour of Dual Phase Steel Under Various Processing Conditions: A Review
Get PDFPresent paper presents a state-of-the-art overview of the dual phase (DP) steels which are widely used materials in the manufacturing of automotive parts/components. These materials have high strength-to-weight ratio and optimum ductility which make them outstanding characteristics compared to those of the other conventional steels. The uniaxial tensile deformation behaviour of DP steels is presented which are tested under various heat treatment conditions at ambient temperature and elevated temperatures. Mechanical properties have been evaluated under static and dynamic conditions as well as different strain rates. The different works reported by the researchers are presented as a consolidated summary and compared various material properties such as yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and total elongatio
Chemical Hydrolysis-Gamma Irradiation Processes for Cellulose Nanofibers Isolation from Rice Straw
Get PDFUtilization of agriculture biomass waste into high value product is still potential to develop. In this study, cellulose nanofibers (CNF) as valuable materials were isolated from rice straw. Sodium hydroxide pulping and hydrogen peroxide bleaching were conducted as cellulose pretreatment. The CNF was prepared using 1 M hydrochloric acid hydrolysis followed gamma irradiation with various radiation doses, i.e. 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 kGy. Compositions of ?–cellulose and water retention of each stage processes increased inversely with hemicellulose, lignin and degrees of polymerization which had been strengthened by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that crystallinity index was more intense than rice straw, i.e. 80.85 %. Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) studies described the isolation process of CNF succeed with the smallest size 77.8 nm. The CNF functional groups of hydrophilic both hydroxyl and carboxylate slightly diminished with increasing of radiation doses followed water retention reducing, however the crystallinity had not changed significantly. Increasing radiation doses also could improve the thermal stability with the highest Tg 153.1 0C therefore the obtained CNF could be used as suitable nanocomposite
Effects of acid pre-treatment on removal of organic and inorganic substances from Black Tilapia bones and scales
Get PDFFish bones and scales are good sources of gelatin. However, high mineral content in bones and scales often lead to low quality gelatin with high percentage of ash. Therefore, pre-treatment with acid prior to gelatin extraction is necessary. Black tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) bones and scales were subjected to 0 to 1.4 M HCl acid for 0 to 32 hr. The suitable pre-treatment conditions were determined using percentage of ash removed and loss of protein from the samples. Results obtained indicate, 99.86 % and 99.84 % of ash can be removed from bones and scales, with 1.4 M HCl (32 hr) and 1.0 M HCl (10 hr), respectively. Further analysis with UV-Vis revealed that, excessive protein breakdown starts to occur at 1.0 M (32 hr) and 0.6 M (12 hr), in bones and scales, respectively. The data suggest using pre-treatment conditions lower than the above to avoid protein loss which may lead to low gelatin yield.