International Journal of Integrated Engineering
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A Vibration and Crack Assessment on Precast Pre-stressed Hollow-Core Floor
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Hollow core concrete floors are usually used in high-rise buildings, shopping malls and parking garages due to their sustainability advantage in the construction industry. However, in certain conditions, hollow core concrete floors can be sensitive towards vibration due to long span. The floor vibration issue is crucial and must be managed properly during the building design phase, as addressing this issue becomes significantly more challenging after the structure has been constructed completely. Thus, this study aims to determine the vibration and crack behaviour of precast hollow core concrete floors. 3D finite element models of the floor were developed using SAP2000 software to obtain the vibration parameters of the hollow core concrete floor subjected to vehicle-induced vibration. The specifications of the floor materials are based on the hollow core concrete floor manufacturer, Eastern Pretech, and the acceleration time history from testing was applied to the analysis. Modal analysis and time history analysis were analysed to investigate the vibration behaviour of the hollow core concrete floor. Modal analysis revealed a fundamental frequency of 23.52 Hz for the floor with actual dimensions. The fundamental frequency of the floor was compared to the standard guideline for human vibration sensitivity, which is 10 Hz. Time history analysis was employed to assess floor deformation based on the vibration waves generated by vehicle movement on the floor. The crack assessment analysis on concrete topping of precast hollow core slab in the warehouse flooring system was carried out. The cracks that appeared on the concrete topping were investigated using vibration testing and finite element analysis. Acceleration data from the damaged area was captured and transformed into the frequency domain using ME’Scope to analyse the natural frequency behaviour. The preliminary finite element analysis was performed by SAP 2000 software. Normal attenuation was observed on the surface with a crack at 50 mm, as the pattern of the time series data at this location was similar to other sensor positions. Analysis of the frequency domain of the wave confirmed this observation, revealing a dominant frequency of 23.741 Hz and no abnormal event occurred during testing on the surface crack
IoE-powered Smartphone Feedback for Real-time Driver Improvement
Get PDFThis research analyzes risky driving that contributes to accidents and environmental damage from existing data. Existing driver monitoring systems, which analyze driving patterns through diagnostic data, fail to provide specific real-time feedback for critical events. This study proposes an innovative framework built on the Internet of Everything (IoE) that leverages in-vehicle sensors and smartphones to deliver real-time contextual driving feedback. The system measures hard accelerations and detects unsafe turns by analyzing time-series data from accelerometers and gyroscopes. Machine learning algorithms enable instant alerts during these critical events, prompting drivers to modify their behavior. The developed graphical user interface enables drivers to visually represent and comprehend many sensor data related to driving incidents, facilitating self-evaluation and corrective actions. Nevertheless, for the smartphone-based IoE solution to effectively enhance driving performance by providing real-time feedback, it is imperative to tackle obstacles such as energy consumption, data dependability, metrics formulation, and user approval. The system prioritizes user privacy - identity abstraction techniques reduce concerns about driver monitoring. Additionally, a user-friendly graphical interface presents analytical data to encourage self-improvement in driving habits. Field tests will evaluate the system\u27s effectiveness, with plans for integration with emerging vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2X) connectivity to enhance functionality. The analysis results of this ethical and accessible IoE system will have a large-scale positive impact on driving habits, safer road use and a more conducive environment
Recent Advances for Wastewater Treatment on Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Based Membrane: A Review
Get PDFThe development of scalable membrane-based separation processes has attracted considerable interest on laboratory and industrial scales. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is one of the most widely used fluoropolymer materials for membrane fabrication due to its excellent mechanical strength, good thermal stability and chemical resistance as well as aging resistance. However, the hydrophobic nature of PVDF has resulted in serious membrane fouling during the filtration process. From the past decade, the embedment of hydrophilic materials in/on PVDF-based membranes can significantly alter the membrane’s morphology and surface properties. Therefore, based on most articles retrieved from Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, etc., this article provides the overview of the recent development of PVDF-based membranes during the recent several decades. The detailed information regarding PVDF as a polymer material as well as the main challenge in the development of PVDF-based membranes with better performance was summarised. Moreover, the factors influencing membrane fouling including surface hydrophilicity, roughness and charge are also addressed. Then, the PVDF-based membrane preparation and its recent modification via the blending method were discussed. Finally, the overview and future perspective of PVDF-based membrane development are reviewed. Overall, it can be concluded that PVDF-based membranes have great potential for further advances towards the development of membrane technologies for the future
Pre-heating Temperature Effect on Electrochromic Properties of TiO2 Thin Films
Get PDFSmart windows represent a promising technology that enables the selective transmission of light and heat, and electrochromism technology is gaining interest in smart window applications. Electrochromic (EC) smart windows are the preferred choice for outdoor applications due to their ability to withstand high temperatures. Particularly, Tungsten Trioxide (WO3) is commonly used as an electrochromic layer in EC devices. Although Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) is a less expensive EC material compatible with optoelectronics applications (including solar cells), it has received little research attention. In the course of this study, the sol-gel spin coating method was utilised to deposit a thin film of TiO2 onto Indium Tin Oxide (ITO). This technique was chosen for its simplicity, affordability, and ease of coating thin films. The pre-heating temperature demonstrated a critical role in sol-gel fabrication, particularly in electrochromic applications. As the impact of the pre-heating temperature remains poorly understood, this study effectively investigated the effect of various pre-heating temperatures on the performance of TiO2-based electrochromic thin films. Moreover, this study effectively analysed the structural, optical, and EC properties of the TiO2 thin films pre-heated at different temperatures
IoT-Based Embedded System for Streamlined Thermal Comfort Data Collection in Buildings
Get PDFThermal comfort refers to the process of determining a pleasant working temperature by considering various environmental, occupational, and personal factors. With the widespread adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, there is a potential to develop an IoT-based embedded system that directly integrates sensor data with building information to collect the necessary environmental factors for thermal comfort. This paper outlines the development and implementation of an embedded system for remote temperature monitoring, which gathers data such as temperature and humidity using sensors installed within the building and transmits this information to the cloud in real-time via a private Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) server. An IoT-based embedded system makes the data collection process more efficient, automated, and integrated, which ultimately leads to a faster and smoother experience in gathering and processing the necessary information to optimize thermal comfort. Following data collection, a machine learning model may be trained using the acquired data to automatically adjust the thermal comfort level in the building, improving overall comfort and energy efficiency.
 
Monitoring of River Morphological Change Using Remote Sensing and Hec-Ras in Lusi River, Indonesia
Get PDFChanges in river flow have become a natural cycle of the river. The Lusi River has problems with meanders due to sediment transport, which is difficult to control. A combination of GIS with RS and HEC-RAS simulation was used to monitor river flow. The water monitoring method utilizes four water indices: NDWI, MNDWI, ANDWI, and SAVI, while the MPM-Toffaleti method is used for simulation. By combining the four methods, accuracy values of 0.68 to 0.92 and precision levels of 0.60 to 0.93 were obtained. MNDWI obtained quite high results compared to other indices. The results showed that the Lusi River experienced quite extreme flow changes. Two flow cuts occurred. Considerable erosion occurred from 2003 to 2013 with a total lost area of 0.1943 km2, while from 2013 to 2023, there was erosion of 0.1177 km2. The HEC-RAS simulation of the Lusi River experienced erosion of 60 to 70.4 percent of the length of the stream. Changes in the riverbed in 2013 were found to be -1.1 ± 2.03 m, and then in 2023, the range of changes in the riverbed was -2.69 ± 1.29 m. Based on the results of the index and simulation of the Lusi River experiencing erosion in the flow, the level of erosion has increased every period
Experimental Investigation of a Novel CFRP-Steel Composite Tube-Confined Seawater-Sea Sand Concrete Intermediate Long Column
Get PDFIn order to fully utilize sea sand in offshore engineering, a novel carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP)-steel composite tube-confined seawater-sea sand concrete (FCTSSC) column structure has been developed. This study conducts experimental investigations on FCTSSC intermediate long columns for the first time. It investigates the failure modes and the impact of the external CFRP layers number on the axial compression performance. The results reveal that the FCTSSC intermediate long column specimens exhibit the failure modes of global buckling and localized steel tube bulging. After CFRP restriction, the ultimate load bearing capacity of the specimens increased from 12.51% to 20.87%. The ultimate load bearing capacity, its enhancement percentage, and peak lateral deformation are all positively correlated with the external CFRP layers number. Finally, a summary and assessment were conducted on the applicability and accuracy of the existing load bearing capacity models, providing a reference for subsequent research
Ion-Plasma Formation of Nanosized Coatings with Fractal Topology
Get PDFNanosized coatings with fractal topology have significant technological applicability due to their unique properties. There are several ways to provide fractalization of the coating, one of which is placing a seed into the vacuum chamber. The most used method for producing nanosized coatings is magnetron sputtering, which allows obtaining a high-quality film with a sufficiently high productivity. The notable disadvantage of such devices is a low degree of ionization of the plasma flux, which leads to poor adhesion of the obtained coating. More promising is the electric arc spraying of matter from the plasma by an anomalous glow discharge, which in turn has a significant concentration of the droplet fraction existing together with the plasma flux. These droplets greatly increase the coating roughness and make electric arc installations inapplicable in nanotechnology. A specially designed arc evaporator, including metallic nonmagnetic dampers, provides elimination of the droplet fraction. Experiments on the deposition of titanium nitride and copper coatings on high-carbon steel substrates have shown both the possibility of obtaining uniform nanostructured coatings and coatings with fractal topology in the case of introducing specially prepared seed into a vacuum chamber
Advancing Safety in the Oil and Gas Infrastructure via Virtual Reality Technology: A Comprehensive Exploration of Hazard Simulation and Visualisations
Get PDFVirtual reality (VR) technology has transformed various industries and technological paradigms, including oil and gas. With so many subareas and techniques in the field, there is a need for organised knowledge about VR applications, particularly in the oil and gas sector. This paper primarily aims to review previous research on virtual reality methods in various industries, including oil and gas. The objective is to offer researchers and professionals valuable insights and provide a foundation for future advancements in VR applications in this sector. A systematic search for publications on "Application of Virtual Reality," "VR," "Advantages of Virtual Reality," and "Immersive Technology in the Oil and Gas Industry Infrastructure" was conducted to understand the field and provide researchers with insights into the VR system. Trusted databases were meticulously explored to facilitate a systematic review process that illuminated publication trends and the origins of the research. This allows civil engineers to model potential dangers on oil and gas platforms, including gas leaks, fires, broken equipment, and structural instability. They also acquire direct experiential knowledge of potential hazards and obstacles by fully immersing themselves in these virtual environments. Additionally, engineers can better visualise potential hazards like trip hazards, obstructions, electrical hazards, or inadequate safety barriers with VR compared to traditional methods. This improves hazard awareness and allows for proactive risk mitigation strategies
Analysis of Residual Soil Properties on Slope: A Study in Dusun, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor
Get PDFThe actual characterization of residual soil differs across different countries. Any soil that has remained at its original location without being moved is commonly referred to as residual soil. In order to build geotechnical infrastructures that are safe and cost-effective, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of the properties of residual soil, which includes slope stability. This knowledge offers valuable insights into the characteristics and strength of the soil. Slope failure is a widespread and devastating disaster that can occur in various regions, including Malaysia. Given the numerous incidents caused by slope failure, it is vital to conduct a thorough scientific study to determine the specific soil characteristics at Dusun UTM, Johor. Numerous laboratory studies have been carried out regarding the soil\u27s index of physical as well as engineering properties. The area can be characterized as having sandy silt properties with a significant level of plasticity in terms of residual soil