International Journal of Integrated Engineering
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Energy Absorption Performance of Hybrid Bamboo Fibre/Aluminium Mesh Reinforced Polymer Composites Subjected to Axial Crushing Loads
Get PDFThis study examines the energy absorption capabilities of polymer composites reinforced using a hybrid combination of bamboo fibre and aluminium mesh. The fabrication of the composites involves the utilisation of epoxy resin as a matrix material, which is reinforced with bamboo fibre and an aluminium expanded mesh sheet. This is achieved using the vacuum infusion method, where different stacking sequences and mesh sizes are employed. Two distinct types of tests were conducted in this study: a quasi-static axial crushing test and a dynamic impact test. A comprehensive examination has been conducted to investigate the failure mechanism of the specimens during both testing phases. The energy absorption performance of the specimens has subsequently been evaluated. The findings indicate that specimen A3L exhibited the maximum energy absorption and specific energy absorption compared to all other specimens in both tests. Conversely, specimen A1S demonstrated the lowest energy absorption performance during the test. When comparing the lowest and highest values, this study found that the Energy Absorption (EA) and Specific Eenergy Absorption (SEA) values increased by up to 230% and 125% during the quasi-static test and by 273% and 148% during the dynamic test. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted on the collected data from both tests in order to determine the elements that significantly impact the energy absorption performance of these composites.
Preliminary Study on Conversion Model Methods for Hydro-Estimator Rain Rate Integration Time in Malaysia
Get PDFThis research delves into radio signal propagation, specifically above 10 GHz, where rain-induced signal degradation due to the influence of hydrometeors, particularly rainfall, leads to the phenomenon referred to as rain fade. Current models from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) have become guides for rain fade prediction, thereby enabling the allocation of appropriate fade margins in the strategic planning of radio networks. However, the existing models have limitations and exhibit a notably confined scope. This research explores an alternative approach using meteorological data, particularly rain radar data, to gain detailed insights into rainfall patterns. The key focus is on harmonizing rainfall rate data into a 1-minute temporal framework suitable for radio network planning. Four methodologies under scrutiny encompass Burgeuno, Joo, Segal, and ITU-R 837 models are examined, as these models have been used in recent research for rain rate integration time conversion. Rigorous testing is conducted using 2020 Hydro-estimator data from various regions of Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, and Sarawak. By undertaking this exploratory analysis, the paper aspires to not only broaden the comprehension of rain fade dynamics but also to contribute to the refinement of radio network design in Malaysia
Plasmonic Wave Validation via Finite Element Modeling and Opto-plasmonic System for Biosensor
Get PDFPlasmonics are light and free electrons interaction in metal nanostructures. Free electrons are oscillated and known as plasmon when light hits the metal. Matched plasmon/ light at respective frequency/ momentum generates a resonance at maximum excitation of plasmonic energy. A resonance shift indicates significant molecular binding for biological matters. Plasmonic biosensors experience unpredictable outcomes without a theoretical agreement. Finite Element Modeling (FEM) could investigate effects, factors and scenarios for a real-time solution. Opto-plasmonic compares FEM to optimize parameters for generating the plasmonic energy. The objective is to perform and validate FEM with an Opto-plasmonic system according to Brewster, critical and resonance angles. A 2D geometries of BK7(1000um)- Au(50nm)- Air(1000nm) were modelled in the Electromagnetic Frequency Domain with Floquet\u27s periodic boundary condition. The Opto-plasmonic consists of 1- Optics (650nm laser, prism, slit, polarizer, photodiode), 2- Mechanical (Bipolar stepper motors, gears, stages) and 3- Electronics (PIC18F4550, LCD and drivers). The P-polarized beam was reflected via a prism and read by a photodiode at 0.045° and 0.1125°, respectively. Experimental to FEM accuracy indicates percentage differences for ?c, ?r, ?r, FWHM, and Rmin at 3.72%, 0.2%, 3.37%, 4.64% and 0%, respectively. Excellence validation was successfully achieved between FEM and Opto-plasmonic. In conclusion, the opto-plasmonic system can generate plasmonic energy for a biosensor application
Development of Interactive Warehouse Operational Visualization
Get PDFThe digitalization era forces organizations to leave the conventional and manual approach of record updating for a rapid and real time data management system. This study analyzes the development of interactive process visualization from operational data, which can provide sufficient information for the user to understand current operational status. Approaches to the study include interviews to understand the current process, determining the visualization item needed and developing an interactive dashboard for visualization by using Google Data Studio @ Looker Studio. The findings revealed that an interactive operational dashboard is able to be initiated from the warehouse operation data which helps the process owner understand the operational status clearly. This study was limited to the receiving, storage and outgoing of warehouse activities that are able to create interactive information centers for the process owner to understand the warehouse operation status in real time and provide sufficient data for rapid decision and action. With a simple, low cost and practical visualization system, it will benefit society, especially the Small Medium Enterprise (SME) in moving toward digitization and digitalization towards the digital transformation of a smart factory in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR)
Stagnation-point Flow of a Hybrid Nanofluid Over an Exponentially Stretching Sheet with Zero Mass Flux Boundary Condition
Get PDFResearch on boundary layer flow and heat transfer characteristics of hybrid nanofluid over exponential stretching surface using the modified Buongiorno nanofluid model (MBNM) with zero mass flux is still lacking. The model takes into consideration the effect of Brownian motion and thermophoresis as well as the effective properties of a hybrid nanofluid. The imposed zero normal flux condition assumes that the nanoparticle volume fraction on the surface is controlled passively via temperature gradient. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using appropriate similarity variables before being solved numerically using bvp4c in MATLAB. Obtained results are presented in graphical and tabular form. An 8.82% increment was observed in the values of Nusselt numbers of hybrid nanofluid as compared to base fluid. The stagnation parameter and nanoparticle volume fraction are important factors in improving the heat transfer rate of the fluid. The Nusselt number is an increasing function of both parameters. Meanwhile, the Brownian motion parameter has a negligible effect on the heat transfer rate
Molecular Identification of Thermophilic Bacteria Producing Lipase from Two Hot Springs in Perak, Malaysia
Get PDFMicrobial lipase has been identified as a key biocatalyst in industrial biotechnological applications. Microbial thermostable lipases are excellent candidates because of their capability to survive in high temperatures reaction in industries. The aims of this study were to screen lipolytic activity on Rhodamine B agar; to measure the amount of lipolytic activity through UV-VIS spectrophotometer and to identify the species which have the highest production of lipase enzymes using molecular identification. Two Gram-positive and rod-shaped thermophilic isolates from Ulu Slim (US) and Ara Panjang (AP) were selected. Based on the spectrophotometric assay, isolate AP was a good lipase producer as it produced a higher value of 444.43 U/mL as compared to commercialized lipase. Further molecular identification revealed both isolates as Bacillus sp. Isolate AP was considered as a potential candidate for further studies as the lipase production exceed commercialized lipase production
Optimizing Bionic Prosthetic Finger 3D Topology Design and Comprehensive Testing of Fully Compliant Mechanisms
Get PDFCompliant mechanisms, with their cohesive structure and adaptable motion, are well-suited for creating prosthetic digits that closely mimic the functionality of human fingers. However, designing flexible prosthetic fingers is challenging because traditional assumptions based on rigid-link systems do not translate well. This study presents an innovative 3D structure optimization approach for designing prosthetic fingers that are compatible with biological systems. The suggested method, carried out in MATLAB, allows for quick production of these fingers through the use of selective laser sintering technology. A design example is presented, utilizing load testing and finite element simulations to effectively validate the realized finger\u27s bending capability, clarifying the framework\u27s implementation. The refined fingers demonstrate promising potential for integration into prosthetic hands in future endeavors, enabling intricate, gripping actions akin to the human hand
Preliminary Design of the Wheelchair Elevation Support Unit (WES)
Get PDFThe Wheelchair Elevation Support Unit (WES) has been designed to be an additional mechanism that can be installed into a standard wheelchair to extend its function. This mechanical device helps rehabilitation patients gain the ability to stand, which common wheelchairs are unable to offer. In this research, the Engineering Design Process (EDP) was used to design the product. The design and finite element analysis (FEA) simulation were performed using Catia V5 to verify the reliability and safety of the product. As a result, a sub-assembly with an overall weight of 8 kg was achieved, capable of supporting users with up to 90 kg of weight. The maximum von Misses stress of 62.5 MPa with a total deformation of 2.23 mm was simulated when using the aluminum alloy (6061 T6) material. With a 4.96 safety factor, the selection of this material was considered safe and reliable, as it is lightweight and suitable for engineering applications, especially when combined with the frame structure of the wheelchair. With a fast and easy disassembly process, it is beneficial for the users to return the wheelchair to its standard type. In the future, further improvements will be made to optimize the design. With this additional mechanism featured in the wheelchair, hopefully it will be able to support the rehabilitation process of patients by allowing them to stand with less effort
The Effect of Structural System Elements on the Dynamic Behavior of High-Rise Buildings
Get PDFThe study examined whether the structure emerged as an ornament or as a result of the effort to structure the ornament in the design of the structural elements that form its facade. In particular, it focused on high-rise buildings, which have historically been an important indicator of power and prestige in relation to countries and societies. With literature review and structural classifications, it has emerged that the structure is used as an ornament in high-rise buildings designed in the architecture of the twentieth century. Three high-rise buildings based on this hypothesis were then designed. The load-bearing systems of these structures, referred to in the study as Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3, are the tubular frame system, the tubular diagrid system, and the tubular and lattice diagrid system, respectively. The structural analysis and seismic behavior of these designed buildings were carried out using the SAP2000 V 18 program according to different soil properties. The reason for including the soil properties is to see the effect of the soil on the structural performance of these three different buildings. The findings of the studies indicated that the different facade formations of these three buildings completely separated the seismic behavior of the structures from each other. Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 have distinct structural behavior. Furthermore, the seismic behavior in rigid and soft ground conditions predicts all the factors and processes related to the facade formations and ultimately to the construction of architectural objects in high-rise buildings
Estimation of an Eucalyptus Hybrid (E.grandis x E.urophylla) Fuel Wood as a Biomass Source for the 10 MW Malaysia Dendro Power Generation Plant
Get PDFThis research presents the potential of Eucalyptus hybrid tree species as commercial energy crops to support the operation of Dendro power plants in Malaysia. Fuelwood is used in dendro-power plants to generate electricity. With the improvement of modern technology in electricity generation from natural sources and renewable energy sources, the use of wood in Dendro power plants is more effective, durable, environmentally friendly, and sustainable. A sample of Eucalyptus hybrid fuelwood was analyzed to determine if it could be used as a commercial energy crop in Malaysia. The moisture content and calorific value of Eucalyptus hybrids were also tested and calculated. The moisture content of the Eucalyptus hybrid wood samples averaged 11%. The calorific value of the Eucalyptus hybrid wood samples averages 17.06 MJ/kg. In this study, the Eucalyptus hybrid yield per unit energy crop area was estimated specifically for the operation of a 10 MW Dendro power plant. The development of a 10 MW Dendro power plant is expected to generate 50 GWh of electricity per year. This study uses a quantitative approach to estimate the fuelwood resource requirements to operate a Dendro power plant, which has never been done before. Calculations have shown that up to 32,482 tons of Eucalyptus hybrid fuelwood will be needed per year to generate electricity. An estimated 768,834 Eucalyptus hybrid trees will need to be planted and prepared for felling to generate electricity at the Dendro power plant. Finally, it is expected that an area of 706 hectares of land will be required to plant Eucalyptus hybrid trees to be used as commercial energy crops to generate electricity at the Dendro power plant